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Geodia Megastrella
''Geodia megastrella'' is a species of sponge in the family Geodiidae. It is a type of demosponge found in the deep temperate waters of the North Atlantic Ocean. It has characteristic stellar-shaped large spicules coined 'megastrellum', hence its name. The species was first described by Henry John Carter in 1876, after dredging it up aboard H.M.S. 'Porcupine', near the Cape St. Vincent in Portugal. Morphology General Body Plan * The size of Geodia megastrella ranges on average from 8 cm in diameter to 20 cm and usually takes on a spheroidal shape. They are resistant to compression due to their rigidity and thick cortex (1.5–3 mm). Its surface varies in texture, ranging from “smooth, to human-skin-like, to beehive-like patterns”. Their internal color in ethanol is lighter from their external color in ethanol: they are respectively cream and brown to light brown. They can have one or two osculum openings on the top, called a preoscule because it forms a sm ...
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Henry John Carter
Henry John Carter, FRS (18 August 1813 – 4 May 1895) was a surgeon working in Bombay, India, who carried out work in geology, paleontology, and zoology. He worked as an army surgeon in Bombay from 1859 on Her Majesty's Indian Service, Bombay Establishment. He edited a collection of geological papers on Western India, including a summary of the geology of India, which was published in 1857. Many items of his published work appeared in the journal of the Bombay Branch of the Royal Asiatic Society, and in the Annals of Natural History. He was elected a Fellow of the Royal Society in 1859. Life and work Carter joined the Devon and Exeter Hospital at the age of sixteen, and graduated from University College in 1837 and obtained admission to the College of Surgeons in 1838. He was house surgeon for a year and then conservator of the museum. He visited Ecole de Medecine in Paris in 1840 and joined the East India Company in 1841. He served in Calcutta, Madras and Mauritius. He ...
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Sponge
Sponges, the members of the phylum Porifera (; meaning 'pore bearer'), are a basal animal clade as a sister of the diploblasts. They are multicellular organisms that have bodies full of pores and channels allowing water to circulate through them, consisting of jelly-like mesohyl sandwiched between two thin layers of cells. Sponges have unspecialized cells that can transform into other types and that often migrate between the main cell layers and the mesohyl in the process. Sponges do not have nervous, digestive or circulatory systems. Instead, most rely on maintaining a constant water flow through their bodies to obtain food and oxygen and to remove wastes. Sponges were first to branch off the evolutionary tree from the last common ancestor of all animals, making them the sister group of all other animals. Etymology The term ''sponge'' derives from the Ancient Greek word ( 'sponge'). Overview Sponges are similar to other animals in that they are multicellular, he ...
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Geodiidae
Geodiidae is a family of sea sponge Sponges, the members of the phylum Porifera (; meaning 'pore bearer'), are a basal animal clade as a sister of the diploblasts. They are multicellular organisms that have bodies full of pores and channels allowing water to circulate through t ...s. Genera *'' Caminella'' Lendenfeld, 1894 *'' Caminus'' Schmidt, 1862 *'' Depressiogeodia'' Cárdenas, Rapp, Schander & Tendal, 2010 (temporary name) *'' Erylus'' Gray, 1867 *'' Geodia'' Lamarck, 1815 *'' Melophlus'' Thiele, 1899 *'' Pachymatisma'' Bowerbank, 1864 *'' Penares'' Gray, 1867 File:Pachymatisma johnstonia.jpg, ''Pachymatisma johnstonia'' File:Porífero - Geodia cydonium.jpg, ''Geodia cydonium'' File:Geodia barretti section.JPG, ''Geodia barretti'' References Tetractinellida {{Demosponge-stub ...
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Demosponge
Demosponges (Demospongiae) are the most diverse class in the phylum Porifera. They include 76.2% of all species of sponges with nearly 8,800 species worldwide (World Porifera Database). They are sponges with a soft body that covers a hard, often massive skeleton made of calcium carbonate, either aragonite or calcite. They are predominantly leuconoid in structure. Their "skeletons" are made of spicules consisting of fibers of the protein spongin, the mineral silica, or both. Where spicules of silica are present, they have a different shape from those in the otherwise similar glass sponges. Some species, in particular from the Antarctic, obtain the silica for spicule building from the ingestion of siliceous diatoms. The many diverse orders in this class include all of the large sponges. Most are marine dwellers, but one order ( Spongillida) live in freshwater environments. Some species are brightly colored, with great variety in body shape; the largest species are ove ...
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Geodia Megastrella; Photo By Eric A
''Geodia'' is a genus of sea sponge belonging to the family Geodiidae. It is the type genus of its taxonomic family. This genus is characterized by a high density of siliceous spicules. Members of this genus are known to be eaten by hawksbill turtles. Species * ''Geodia acanthylastra'' Lendenfeld, 1910 * ''Geodia agassizi'' Lendenfeld, 1910 * ''Geodia alba'' (Kieschnick, 1896) * '' Geodia amadaiba'' Tanita & Hoshino, 1989 * '' Geodia amphistrongyla'' Lendenfeld, 1910 * '' Geodia anceps'' (Vosmaer, 1894) * '' Geodia angulata'' (Lendenfeld, 1910) * '' Geodia apiarium'' (Schmidt, 1870) * '' Geodia arabica'' Carter, 1869 * '' Geodia areolata'' Carter, 1880 * ''Geodia arma'' Lehnert & Stone, 2019 * '' Geodia arripiens'' Lindgren, 1897 * †''Geodia asteroderma'' Hughes, 1985 * '' Geodia ataxastra'' Lendenfeld, 1910 * '' Geodia atlantica'' (Stephens, 1915) * '' Geodia auroristella'' Dendy, 1916 * ''Geodia australis'' Da Silva & Mothes, 2000 * ''Geodia barretti'' Bowerbank, 1858 * ''Ge ...
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Demosponge
Demosponges (Demospongiae) are the most diverse class in the phylum Porifera. They include 76.2% of all species of sponges with nearly 8,800 species worldwide (World Porifera Database). They are sponges with a soft body that covers a hard, often massive skeleton made of calcium carbonate, either aragonite or calcite. They are predominantly leuconoid in structure. Their "skeletons" are made of spicules consisting of fibers of the protein spongin, the mineral silica, or both. Where spicules of silica are present, they have a different shape from those in the otherwise similar glass sponges. Some species, in particular from the Antarctic, obtain the silica for spicule building from the ingestion of siliceous diatoms. The many diverse orders in this class include all of the large sponges. Most are marine dwellers, but one order ( Spongillida) live in freshwater environments. Some species are brightly colored, with great variety in body shape; the largest species are ove ...
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Tetractinellida
Tetractinellida is an order of sea sponges belonging to the Class Demospongiae. First described in 1876, this order received a new description in 2012 and replaced the two orders Astrophorida and Spirophorida, which then became sub-orders as Astrophorina and Spirophorina. Families ; Suborder Astrophorina Sollas, 1887 * Family Ancorinidae Schmidt, 1870 * Family Calthropellidae Lendenfeld, 1907 * Family Corallistidae Sollas, 1888 * Family Geodiidae Gray, 1867 * Family Isoraphiniidae Schrammen, 1924 * Family Macandrewiidae Schrammen, 1924 * Family Neopeltidae Sollas, 1888 * Family Pachastrellidae Carter, 1875 * Family Phymaraphiniidae Schrammen, 1924 * Family Phymatellidae Schrammen, 1910 * Family Pleromidae Sollas, 1888 * Family Theneidae Carter, 1883 * Family Theonellidae Lendenfeld, 1903 * Family Thrombidae Sollas, 1888 * Family Vulcanellidae Vulcanellidae is a family of sponges belonging to the order Tetractinellida Tetractinellida is an Order (biology), order of ...
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Animals Described In 1876
Animals are multicellular, eukaryotic organisms in the biological kingdom Animalia. With few exceptions, animals consume organic material, breathe oxygen, are able to move, can reproduce sexually, and go through an ontogenetic stage in which their body consists of a hollow sphere of cells, the blastula, during embryonic development. Over 1.5 million living animal species have been described—of which around 1 million are insects—but it has been estimated there are over 7 million animal species in total. Animals range in length from to . They have complex interactions with each other and their environments, forming intricate food webs. The scientific study of animals is known as zoology. Most living animal species are in Bilateria, a clade whose members have a bilaterally symmetric body plan. The Bilateria include the protostomes, containing animals such as nematodes, arthropods, flatworms, annelids and molluscs, and the deuterostomes, containing the echinoderms and ...
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