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General Union Of Neighbourhood Associations Of Macau
General Union of Neighbourhood Associations of Macau ( zh, t=澳門街坊會聯合總會; pt, União Geral das Associações dos Moradores de Macau), or in short Neighbourhood Union ( zh, t=街坊總會 or zh, t=街總, labels=no), is a pro-Beijing political party in Macau, and is represented in the Legislative Assembly. History The General Union of Neighbourhood Associations of Macau (GUNA) was formed on 30 December 1983, based on the urgent need of unity among Macanese following the social changes brought by the Chinese Government's reform policies. The GUNA provided services ranging from child to elderly care, and from education to community basic services. It was regarded as part of the traditional faction within the pro-Beijing camp. The GUNA first fielded candidates in 1988 legislative election and won. Electoral alliance was formed with other pro-Beijing parties by 1991 under the name of "Progress Promotion Union", and has won every elections since then. The GUNA is o ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Conservatism
Conservatism is a cultural, social, and political philosophy that seeks to promote and to preserve traditional institutions, practices, and values. The central tenets of conservatism may vary in relation to the culture and civilization in which it appears. In Western culture, conservatives seek to preserve a range of institutions such as organized religion, parliamentary government, and property rights. Conservatives tend to favor institutions and practices that guarantee stability and evolved gradually. Adherents of conservatism often oppose modernism and seek a return to traditional values, though different groups of conservatives may choose different traditional values to preserve. The first established use of the term in a political context originated in 1818 with François-René de Chateaubriand during the period of Bourbon Restoration that sought to roll back the policies of the French Revolution. Historically associated with right-wing politics, the term ha ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Election Committee (constituency)
The Election Committee constituency (ECC; ) is a constituency in the elections for the Legislative Council of Hong Kong. It was first created in 1995, re-created with a different composition in 1998 until it was abolished in 2004, and created for the third time in the 2021 electoral overhaul. It is the single largest constituency, taking 40 out of the 90 seats in the Legislative Council. The Election Committee constituency was one of the three sectors designed in the Basic Law of Hong Kong next to the directly elected geographical constituencies and the indirectly elected functional constituencies in the early SAR period. With the last British Governor Chris Patten's electoral reform, the ECC was composed of all elected District Board members who had been elected in 1994. The Single Transferable Vote system was used in the 1995 election. After the handover of Hong Kong, the ECC was allocated 10 seats out of the total 60 seats in the SAR Legislative Council, comprising all me ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
2017 Macanese Legislative Election
Legislative elections were held in Macau on 17 September 2017 according to the provisions of the Basic Law of Macau. Out of a total of 33 seats, 14 were directly elected by universal suffrage under the highest averages method, while 12 were voted on from the Indirect election, and 7 from nomination by the chief executive. Background Formerly a Portuguese colony, Macau has been a Special Administrative Region within China since 1999. As a Special Administrative Region it is entitled to a high degree of autonomy from the mainland Chinese legal system through the year 2050, although China represents the city on foreign policy matters. Macau's economy is based primarily on its status as a tech and financial sector, as well as its internationally famous casino industry. The previous legislative elections took place in 2013. The pro-establishment camp ACUM, led by Chan Meng Kam, received 18.02% votes with 3 seats, and the next largest party, the pro-democracy camp ANMD+APMD, led by ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
2013 Macanese Legislative Election
Legislative elections were held in Macau on 15 September 2013 according to the provisions of the Basic Law of Macau. This election was the first of its kind succeeding the reform of the Legislative Assembly that created four new seats; two new geographical constituency seats and two new functional constituency seats. Out of a total of 33 seats, 14 were elected by universal suffrage under the highest averages method, while 12 were voted on from the Functional constituency, and 7 from nomination by the Chief Executive. Background Formerly a Portuguese colony, Macau has been a Special Administrative Region within China since 1999. As a Special Administrative Region it is entitled to a high degree of autonomy from the mainland Chinese legal system through the year 2050, although China represents the city on foreign policy matters. Macau's economy is based primarily on its status as a tech and financial sector, as well as its internationally famous casino industry. The previous legi ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
2009 Macanese Legislative Election
Legislative elections were held in Macau on 20 September 2009. The official campaign began on 5 September, and several candidates received warnings from the Electoral Affairs Commission for having begun campaign activities beforehand. As in 2005, there are 29 seats, only 12 of which are elected by universal suffrage under the highest averages method. The rest are "elected" by the functional "constituencies" or appointed by the Chief Executive. The pro-democracy lists This year, there are four lists advocating universal suffrage and political reforms. In both 2001 and 2005, the New Democratic Macau Association, also referred as the democrats by local media, received the highest number of votes. Due to the divisors (1,2,4,8,...) employed in the highest averages method, they only managed to win 2 seats on both occasions (they would have achieved 3 seats had the original d'Hondt formula been used instead). Because of this, they split into two lists, namely Associação de Próspero ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
2005 Macanese Legislative Election
Elections for the Legislative Assembly of Macau were held in Macau on September 25, 2005. Election method Twelve candidates are elected directly using the highest averages method on party lists with divisors of 1,2,4,8 etc. There are 18 party lists, the highest ever, with a total of 125 candidates, also the highest ever. 5 of the lists are related to gambling. 10 candidates are elected by the functional constituencies. The seats are distributed like the directly elected seats. There is one list for each category. There are: * 4 seats for employers * 2 seats for labour * 2 seats for special interests and * 2 seats for charity, culture, education and sport 7 seats are appointed by the Chief Executive. Related events A candidate (汪長南) was bashed on the head. Police arrested 3 suspects. A reporter was beaten up while investigating a possibly corrupt candidate. The Macao CCAC received 93 complaints. Even with a typhoon signal no. 3 issued, the turnout for the direct election ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
2001 Macanese Legislative Election
Legislative elections were held on 23 September 2001. Results The results, as published in the 41st SAR Gazette following verification by the Court of Final Appeal, were: * 83,644 voters (52.34% of the registered voters) had cast votes * 80,978 votes were valid * 2,116 were invalid * 550 were blank *1. Antonio Ng Kuok Cheong (ANMD, with 16, 961 votes) *2. Kwan Tsui Hang (UPD, with 12, 990 votes) *3. Leong Heng Teng (UPP, 11 276 votes) *4. Chow Kam Fai, David (CODEM, with 10, 016 votes) *5. Vitor Cheung Lup Kwan ( ARSEM, with 9, 955 votes) *6. Au Kam San (ANMD, with 8, 480.5 votes) *7. Leong Iok Wa ( UPD, with 6, 495 votes) *8. Iong Weng Ian (UPP, with 5, 638 votes) *9. João Bosco Cheang (AEA, with 5, 170 votes) *10. Jorge Manuel Fão (CODEM, with 5, 008 votes) , - ! scope=col colspan=3 , Lists ! scope=col , Votes ! scope=col , % ! scope=col , Seats , - , rowspan=8 style="background-color:#FF8080" , , style="background-color:" , ! span=row style="text-align:left;" , Un ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
1996 Macanese Legislative Election
Legislative elections were held on 3 October 1996. Result ;Geographical constituency (8 seats) * Chan Kai Kit (12,029) and Liu Yuk Lun (6,014) – APPEM *Leong Heng Teng (11,045) and Kou Hoi In (5,522) – UNIPRO *Tong Chi Kin (10,525) – UPD * Fong Chi Keong (7,516) – UDM * David Chow (7,439) – CODEM * António Ng (6,331) – ANMD ;Functional constituencies (8 seats) *OMKC Group (representing business) – Edmund Ho (replaced by Chui Sai Cheong in 1999). Vitor Ng, Hoi Sai Iun, and Susana Chou *CCCAE Group (representing labor) – Lau Cheok Va and Kwan Tsui Hang *OMCY Group (representing professional) – Leonel Alberto Alves *DCAR Group (representing welfare, cultural, educational and sports interests) – Anabela Fátima Xavier Sales Ritchie ;Nominated members (7 seats) *José João de Deus Rodrigues do Rosário *Raimundo Arrais do Rosário *Joaquim Morais Alves *Joaquim Jorge Perestrelo Neto Valente *José Manuel de Oliveira Rodrigues *António José Félix Pontes ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
1992 Macanese Legislative Election
Legislative elections were held on 30 September 1992. Result ;Geographical constituency (8 seats) *List F — (Union for Progressive Promoter / UNIPRO): Leong Heng Teng and Kou Hou In *List B — (Union for Development / UPD): Tong Chi Kin and Fernando Chui *List H — (New Democratic Macau Association / ANMD): Antonio Ng *List G — (Unity for the Future of Macau / UFM): Susana Chou *List I — (Labor Solidarity / SL): Alberto Madeira Noronha *List A — (Friendship Association / AAAH): Alexandre Ho ;Functional constituencies (8 seats) *Business: Ma Man Kei, Edmund Ho, Pedro Segundo Pan Sau Macias (Peter Pan) and Victor Ng *Labor: Lau Cheok Va and Pang Vai Kam *Professionals: Leonel Alberto Alves *Welfare, Cultural, Educational and Sports: Anabela Fátima Xavier Sales Ritchie ;Nominated members (7 seats) * José João de Deus Rodrigues do Rosário * Raimundo Arrais do Rosário * Beatriz Amélia Alves de Sousa Oliveira Basto da Silva *Joaquim Jorge Perestrelo Neto Valente * ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Functional Constituency (Hong Kong)
In the political systems of Hong Kong, a functional constituency is a professional or special interest group involved in the electoral process. Eligible voters in a functional constituency may include natural persons as well as other designated legal entities such as organisations and corporations. (See: legal personality) History The concept of functional constituencies (FC) in Hong Kong was first developed in the release of "Green Paper: A Pattern of District Administration in Hong Kong" on 18 July 1984 when indirect elections were introduced to the Legislative Council for the first time. The paper suggested that the Legislative Council create 24 seats with 12 seats from different professional interest groups. The 11 original functional constituencies created in 1985 were: * First Commercial ( HKGCC) * Second Commercial ( CGCC) * First Industrial ( FHKI) * Second Industrial ( CMAHK) * Financial ( HKAB) * Labour (2 seats) * Social Services ( HKCSS) * Medical ( HKMA) ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Centre-right Politics
Centre-right politics lean to the right of the political spectrum, but are closer to the centre. From the 1780s to the 1880s, there was a shift in the Western world of social class structure and the economy, moving away from the nobility and mercantilism, towards capitalism. This general economic shift toward capitalism affected centre-right movements, such as the Conservative Party of the United Kingdom, which responded by becoming supportive of capitalism. The International Democrat Union is an alliance of centre-right (as well as some further right-wing) political parties – including the UK Conservative Party, the Conservative Party of Canada, the Republican Party of the United States, the Liberal Party of Australia, the New Zealand National Party and Christian democratic parties – which declares commitment to human rights as well as economic development. Ideologies characterised as centre-right include liberal conservatism and some variants of liberalism and Chri ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Geographical Constituency
In Hong Kong, geographical constituencies, as opposed to functional constituencies, are elected by all eligible voters according to geographically demarcated constituencies. There are currently 5 geographical constituencies in Hong Kong, returning 35 members to the Legislative Council. Following the 2021 electoral reforms passed by the Standing Committee of the mainland National People's Congress, the number of members returned by geographical constituencies would be lowered to 20, while the total number of seats in the Legislative Council would be increased to 90. History Geographical constituencies (GC) were first introduced in Hong Kong's first legislative election with direct elections in 1991. 18 constituencies, each returning 2 members using plurality block voting was created for the 1991 election. Under Chris Patten's electoral reform, single-member constituencies were introduced for geographical constituencies in the 1995 election. After the transfer of sovereignt ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
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