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General Mn-type Image Filters
These filters are electrical wave filters designed using the image method. They are an invention of Otto Zobel at AT&T Corp. They are a generalisation of the m-type filter in that a transform is applied that modifies the transfer function while keeping the image impedance unchanged. For filters that have only one stopband there is no distinction with the m-type filter. However, for a filter that has multiple stopbands, there is the possibility that the form of the transfer function in each stopband can be different. For instance, it may be required to filter one band with the sharpest possible cut-off, but in another to minimise phase distortion while still achieving some attenuation. If the form is identical at each transition from passband to stopband the filter will be the same as an m-type filter ( k-type filter in the limiting case of ''m''=1). If they are different, then the general case described here pertains. The k-type filter acts as a prototype for producin ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Image Impedance
Image impedance is a concept used in electronic network design and analysis and most especially in filter design. The term ''image impedance'' applies to the impedance seen looking into a Port (circuit theory), port of a network. Usually a two-port network is implied but the concept can be extended to networks with more than two ports. The definition of image impedance for a two-port network is the impedance, ''Z''i 1, seen looking into port 1 when port 2 is terminated with the image impedance, ''Z''i 2, for port 2. In general, the image impedances of ports 1 and 2 will not be equal unless the network is symmetrical (or anti-symmetrical) with respect to the ports. __TOC__ Derivation As an example, the derivation of the image impedances of a simple 'L' network is given below. The L network consists of a series Electrical impedance, impedance, ''Z'', and a shunt admittance, ''Y''. The difficulty here is that in order to find Zi 1 it is first necessary to term ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Shunt Derived Multi-stop Mn Type Filter in the TV series ''Robot Wars''
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Shunt may refer to: * Shunt (medical), a hole or passage allowing fluid to move from one part of the body to another * Shunt (electrical), a device allowing electric current to pass around a point in a circuit * Shunt, a British term for rear-end collision of road vehicles * Shunt (railway operations), sorting items of rolling stock into trains, also called "switching" * Shunt (sailing), a maneuver for sailing upwind on reversible single-outrigger boats * Shunt (theatre company), an experimental theatre company based in London * Shunt, an alternative metabolic pathway * Shunt, a house robot ''Robot Wars'' is a robot combat competition that was broadcast on British television from 1998 to 2004 and from 2016 to 2018. Each series involves teams of amateur and professional roboteers operating their own constructed remote controlled r ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Composite Image Filter
A composite image filter is an electronic filter consisting of multiple image filter sections of two or more different types. The image method of filter design determines the properties of filter sections by calculating the properties they have in an infinite chain of such sections. In this, the analysis parallels transmission line theory on which it is based. Filters designed by this method are called ''image parameter filters'', or just ''image filters''. An important parameter of image filters is their image impedance, the impedance of an infinite chain of identical sections. The basic sections are arranged into a ladder network of several sections, the number of sections required is mostly determined by the amount of stopband rejection required. In its simplest form, the filter can consist entirely of identical sections. However, it is more usual to use a composite filter of two or three different types of section to improve different parameters best addressed by a part ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Mm'-type Filter
mm'-type filters, also called double-m-derived filters, are a type of electronic filter designed using the image method. They were patented by Otto Zobel in 1932.Zobel, O J, ''Electrical wave filters'', US patent 1 850 146, filed 25 Nov 1930, issued 22 Mar 1932 Like the m-type filter from which it is derived, the mm'-type filter type was intended to provide an improved impedance match into the filter termination impedances and originally arose in connection with telephone frequency division multiplexing. The filter has a similar transfer function to the m-type, having the same advantage of rapid cut-off, but the input impedance remains much more nearly constant if suitable parameters are chosen. In fact, the cut-off performance is better for the mm'-type if like-for-like impedance matching are compared rather than like-for-like transfer function. It also has the same drawback of a rising response in the stopband as the m-type. However, its main disadvantage is its much increased ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Constant K Filter
Constant k filters, also k-type filters, are a type of electronic filter designed using the image method. They are the original and simplest filters produced by this methodology and consist of a ladder network of identical sections of passive components. Historically, they are the first filters that could approach the ideal filter frequency response to within any prescribed limit with the addition of a sufficient number of sections. However, they are rarely considered for a modern design, the principles behind them having been superseded by other methodologies which are more accurate in their prediction of filter response. History Constant k filters were invented by George Campbell. He published his work in 1922, but had clearly invented the filters some time before, as his colleague at AT&T Co, Otto Zobel, was already making improvements to the design at this time. Campbell's filters were far superior to the simpler single element circuits that had been used previously. C ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Image Impedance
Image impedance is a concept used in electronic network design and analysis and most especially in filter design. The term ''image impedance'' applies to the impedance seen looking into a Port (circuit theory), port of a network. Usually a two-port network is implied but the concept can be extended to networks with more than two ports. The definition of image impedance for a two-port network is the impedance, ''Z''i 1, seen looking into port 1 when port 2 is terminated with the image impedance, ''Z''i 2, for port 2. In general, the image impedances of ports 1 and 2 will not be equal unless the network is symmetrical (or anti-symmetrical) with respect to the ports. __TOC__ Derivation As an example, the derivation of the image impedances of a simple 'L' network is given below. The L network consists of a series Electrical impedance, impedance, ''Z'', and a shunt admittance, ''Y''. The difficulty here is that in order to find Zi 1 it is first necessary to term ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Image Bandpass Filter With One Pole Af Attenuation
An image is a visual representation of something. It can be two-dimensional, three-dimensional, or somehow otherwise feed into the visual system to convey information. An image can be an artifact, such as a photograph or other two-dimensional picture, that resembles a subject. In the context of signal processing, an image is a distributed amplitude of color(s). In optics, the term “image” may refer specifically to a 2D image. An image does not have to use the entire visual system to be a visual representation. A popular example of this is of a greyscale image, which uses the visual system's sensitivity to brightness across all wavelengths, without taking into account different colors. A black and white visual representation of something is still an image, even though it does not make full use of the visual system's capabilities. Images are typically still, but in some cases can be moving or animated. Characteristics Images may be two or three-dimensional, such as a ph ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
General Image Bandpass Filter
A general officer is an officer of high rank in the armies, and in some nations' air forces, space forces, and marines or naval infantry. In some usages the term "general officer" refers to a rank above colonel."general, adj. and n.". OED Online. March 2021. Oxford University Press. https://www.oed.com/view/Entry/77489?rskey=dCKrg4&result=1 (accessed May 11, 2021) The term ''general'' is used in two ways: as the generic title for all grades of general officer and as a specific rank. It originates in the 16th century, as a shortening of ''captain general'', which rank was taken from Middle French ''capitaine général''. The adjective ''general'' had been affixed to officer designations since the late medieval period to indicate relative superiority or an extended jurisdiction. Today, the title of ''general'' is known in some countries as a four-star rank. However, different countries use different systems of stars or other insignia for senior ranks. It has a NATO rank sc ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Dual Impedance
Dual impedance and dual network are terms used in electronic network analysis. The dual of an impedance Z is its reciprocal, or algebraic inverse Z'=\frac. For this reason the dual impedance is also called the inverse impedance. Another way of stating this is that the dual of Z is the admittance Y'=Z. The dual of a network is the network whose impedances are the duals of the original impedances. In the case of a black-box network with multiple ports, the impedance looking into each port must be the dual of the impedance of the corresponding port of the dual network. This is consistent with the general notion duality of electric circuits, where the voltage and current are interchanged, etc., since Z=\frac yields Z'=\frac __TOC__ Scaled and normalised duals In physical units, the dual is taken with respect to some nominal or characteristic impedance. To do this, Z and Z' are scaled to the nominal impedance Z0 so that : \frac=\frac Z0 is usually taken to be a purely real ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Series Derived Multi-stop Mn Type Filter
Series may refer to: People with the name * Caroline Series (born 1951), English mathematician, daughter of George Series * George Series (1920–1995), English physicist Arts, entertainment, and media Music * Series, the ordered sets used in serialism including tone rows * Harmonic series (music) * Serialism, including the twelve-tone technique Types of series in arts, entertainment, and media * Anime series * Book series * Comic book series * Film series * Manga series * Podcast series * Radio series * Television series * "Television series", the Australian, British, and a number of others countries' equivalent term for the North American "television season", a set of episodes produced by a television serial * Video game series * Web series Mathematics and science * Series (botany), a taxonomic rank between genus and species * Series (mathematics), the sum of a sequence of terms * Series (stratigraphy), a stratigraphic unit deposited during a certain interval of geo ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Otto Zobel
Otto Julius Zobel (October 20, 1887 – January 1970) was an electrical engineer who worked for the American Telephone & Telegraph Company (AT&T) in the early part of the 20th century. Zobel's work on filter design was revolutionary and led, in conjunction with the work of John R. Carson, to significant commercial advances for AT&T in the field of frequency-division multiplex (FDM) telephone transmissions.Bray, p. 62. Although much of Zobel's work has been superseded by more modern filter designs, it remains the basis of filter theory and his papers are still referenced today. Zobel invented the m-derived filterWhite, G"The Past" ''BT Technology Journal'', Vol 18, No 1, pp. 107–132, January 2000 . and the constant-resistance filter,Zobel, O J, ''Distortion Compensator'', , filed 26 June 1924, issued 12 Feb 1929. which remains in use. Zobel and Carson helped to establish the nature of noise in electric circuits, concluding that—contrary to mainstream belief—it is n ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
