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Gege (title)
Gege (Manchu language, Manchu: ; ) is the Manchu language, Manchu word for an unmarried daughter. During the Qing dynasty, it was the Manchu style (manner of address), style of an imperial-born princess of an emperor. Daughters of the all imperial princes above the rank of jiangjun also used the same title. When a Manchu prince had Concubinage, concubines, the status of the wives, from highest to lowest, are the following: difujin (the official wife), cefujin (the first rank concubine), and gege. Historically, there were many gege, but few ever ascended to the status of cefujin. A gege could also be a daughter of imperial princess, even if she was promoted to gulun or heshuo princess. Only difujin and cefujin names are recorded in the imperial family lists of family members. Princess Before the establishment of the Qing dynasty, the daughters of khans were referred to as "gege" by personal names or the names of lands they lived after the marriage. After 1658, the personal nam ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Manchu Language
Manchu (Manchu:, ) is a critically endangered East Asian Tungusic language native to the historical region of Manchuria in Northeast China. As the traditional native language of the Manchus, it was one of the official languages of the Qing dynasty (1636–1912) of China, although today the vast majority of Manchus speak only Mandarin Chinese. Several thousand can speak Manchu as a second language through governmental primary education or free classes for adults in classrooms or online. The Manchu language enjoys high historical value for historians of China, especially for the Qing dynasty. Manchu-language texts supply information that is unavailable in Chinese, and when both Manchu and Chinese versions of a given text exist they provide controls for understanding the Chinese. Like most Siberian languages, Manchu is an agglutinative language that demonstrates limited vowel harmony. It has been demonstrated that it is derived mainly from the Jurchen language though there are m ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Sumalagu
Sumalagu (; originally Sumal, in Manchu ; 1615 – 24 October 1705) was a palace attendant of the Qing dynasty. She was a close confidante of Empress Dowager Xiaozhuang during the reign of the Shunzhi Emperor. Empress Dowager Xiaozhuang called her " Gege", a title reserved for only imperial princesses. She acted as the messenger between prince Shizu and his mother during the reign of Dorgon. Upon the wish of the empress dowager, she escorted empress Borjigit incognito to receive medical treatment by the Jesuit Adam Schall von Bell. Sumalagu taught the young Kangxi Emperor the Manchu language while he was under her care. She was a supporter of the Kangxi Emperor when he asserted his power against the power base of Oboi in 1667–69.Lily Xiao Hong Lee, Sue Wiles: Biographical Dictionary of Chinese Women: v. 1: The Qing Period, 1644-1911' In 1687, she was given the responsibility of looking after Yuntao Aisin Gioro Yuntao (; 18 January 1686 - 1 September 1763) was a Qing dynasty ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Royal And Noble Styles
Styles represent the fashion by which monarchs and noblemen are properly addressed. Throughout history, many different styles were used, with little standardization. This page will detail the various styles used by royalty and nobility in Europe, in the final form arrived at in the nineteenth century. Imperial, royal, and princely styles Only those classified within the social class of royalty and upper nobility have a style of "Highness" attached before their titles. Reigning bearers of forms of Highness included grand princes, grand dukes, reigning princes, reigning dukes, and princely counts, their families, and the agnatic (of the male bloodline) descendants of emperors and kings. Royalty (usually emperors to princely counts) are all considered sovereign princes (german: Fürsten). *Emperors and empresses held the style of Imperial Majesty (HIM). *Members of imperial families generally hold the style of Imperial Highness (HIH). *In the Austrian Empire, the Emperor was also ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Plain White Banner
The Plain White Banner () was one of the Eight Banners of Manchu people, Manchu military and society during the Later Jin (1616–1636), Later Jin and Qing dynasty of China. It was one of the three "upper" banners (Plain Yellow Banner, Bordered Yellow Banner, and Plain White Banner) directly controlled by the emperor, as opposed to the other five "lower" banners. The ''Hoise Niru'' was a military unit associated with the Plain White Banner. Notable Members * Dorgon * Dodo (Qing dynasty), Dodo * Duanfang * John Kuan * Ronglu * Yinchang * Nergingge * Empress Xiaoshurui * Youlan (Gūwalgiya) * Consort Donggo * Consort Dun * Minggatu (Mongol) * Imperial Noble Consort Chunhui (Han) * (Yuan_Chonghuan#Legacy, a descendant of Yuan Chonghuan) (Han) Notable clans * Donggo * Feimo * Hitara * Gūwalgiya * Tohoro * Su * Cao * Hu'erlate * Clan Nara, Yehe Nara * Tubot * Gobulo * Ilari * Zhu * Chen * Bai * Yuan *Wang *Namdulu References Bibliography * * {{China-hist-stub Eight ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Nellie Yu Roung Ling
Nellie Yu Roung Ling ( zh, t=裕容齡, w=Yü Jung-ling, p=Yù Rónglíng; 188216 January 1973), also spelt Nelly, was a Hanjun Plain White bannerwoman and dancer, who is considered "the first modern dancer of China". She was the younger daughter of and Louisa Pierson, the other one being Lizzie Yu Der Ling. Although not a member of the Qing imperial family, Roung Ling was given the title of "" while serving as a lady-in-waiting for Empress Dowager Cixi. She was also known as Yu Roon(g) Ling, especially in the works of her sister Der Ling. She was referred to as Madame Dan Pao Tchao after her marriage to the General Dan Pao Tchao (; 1887–1958), and Princess Shou Shan, a title appeared on the cover of her 1934 historical novella about the Fragrant Concubine (''Hsiang Fei''), which Sir Reginald Johnston claimed she never used. Early life Born in an upper-class family, to a Chinese father and a Chinese-American mother who was the daughter of an American naval officer. The ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Jingrong (Yehenara)
Lady Yehenara (嫡夫人 叶赫那拉氏, 16 June 1866 - 12 July 1933) was primary consort of Zaize, 5th generation descendant of Yunxu, Prince Yuke of the Second Rank and Kangxi Emperor's 15th surviving son. She was two years older than him. Her personal name was Jingrong (, meaning "still glory"). Life Family background Jingrong was a member of the Bordered Blue Banner lineage of the Yehe-Nara clan.Both her father and grandfather held a title of third class duke Cheng'en (承恩公) as their daughters were honoured as empresses. * Guixiang (桂祥; 1849–1913), served as first rank military official (都統), and held the title of a third class duke (三等公) ** Paternal grandfather: Huizheng (惠徵; 1805–1853), held the title of a third class duke (三等公) ** Paternal grandmother: Lady Fuca ** First paternal uncle: Zhaoxiang (照祥) ** Third paternal uncle: Fuxiang (福祥) ** Paternal aunt: Empress Xiaoqinxian (Xingzhen (杏贞), 1835–1908), the mother of th ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Yikuang
Yikuang (Manchu: ''I-kuwang''; 16 November 1838 – 28 January 1917), formally known as Prince Qing (or Prince Ch'ing), was a Manchu noble and politician of the Qing dynasty. He served as the first Prime Minister of the Imperial Cabinet, an office created in May 1911 to replace the Grand Council. Early life and career Yikuang was born in the Aisin-Gioro clan as the eldest son of Mianxing (綿性), a lesser noble who held the title of a ''buru bafen fuguo gong''. He was adopted by his uncle, Mianti (綿悌), who held the title of a third class ''zhenguo jiangjun''. His grandfather was Yonglin, the 17th son of the Qianlong Emperor and the first in line in the Prince Qing peerage, one of the 12 "iron-cap" princely peerages of the Qing dynasty. Yikuang inherited the title of a ''fuguo jiangjun'' in 1850 and was promoted to ''beizi'' in 1852. In January 1860, the Xianfeng Emperor further elevated Yikuang to the status of a ''beile''. In October 1872, after the Tongzhi E ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Empress Dowager Cixi
Empress Dowager Cixi ( ; mnc, Tsysi taiheo; formerly Romanization of Chinese, romanised as Empress Dowager T'zu-hsi; 29 November 1835 – 15 November 1908), of the Manchu people, Manchu Nara (clan)#Yehe Nara, Yehe Nara clan, was a Chinese noblewoman, concubine and later regent who effectively controlled the Chinese government in the late Qing dynasty for 47 years, from 1861 until her death in 1908. Selected as a concubine of the Xianfeng Emperor in her adolescence, she gave birth to a son, Tongzhi Emperor, Zaichun, in 1856. After the Xianfeng Emperor's death in 1861, the young boy became the Tongzhi Emperor, and she assumed the role of empress dowager, co-empress dowager, alongside the Emperor's widow, Empress Dowager Ci'an. Cixi ousted a group of regents appointed by the late emperor and assumed the regency along with Ci'an, who later mysteriously died. Cixi then consolidated control over the dynasty when she installed her nephew as the Guangxu Emperor at the death of her son ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Princess Der Ling
Lizzie Yu Der Ling ( zh, t=裕德齡, w=Yü Tê-ling, p=Yù Délíng; 8 June 188122 November 1944), better known as "Princess" Der Ling, and also known as Elisabeth Antoinette White after her marriage to Thaddeus C. White, was a Hanjun bannerwoman, the daughter of and Louisa Pierson, the half-Chinese daughter of a Boston merchant working in Shanghai. Although not a member of the Qing royal family, Der Ling was given the title of "" while serving as the first lady-in-waiting for Empress Dowager Cixi. She was a writer of several memoirs, books, and magazine articles. Early life Der Ling's father Yü Keng was a member of the Hanjun Plain White Banner Corps, and according to his daughter he was a Lord. This is of some doubt. After serving as Chinese minister to Japan, he was appointed minister to the French Third Republic for four years in 1899. He was known for his progressive, reformist views; for his determination to educate his children, including the girls, in western schoo ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Fuk'anggan
Fuk'anggan ( Manchu:, Möllendorff: fuk'anggan; ; 1748–1796), courtesy name Yaolin (), was a Manchu noble and general of the Qing Dynasty. He was from the Fuca clan () and the Bordered Yellow Banner of the Eight Banners. Fuk'anggan's father, Fuheng, brother of the Empress Xiaoxianchun, served as a grand minister of state during the middle years of the reign of the Qianlong Emperor. Fuk'anggan held various offices throughout Qianlong's reign, including Governor-General, Viceroy of Liangjiang and Viceroy of Liangguang. The Salar Jahriyya Sufi revolt was put down by Fuk'anggan along with Agui and Li Shiyao Gansu in 1784, while Heshen was recalled for his failure during the revolt. In 1787, 300,000 people took part in the Lin Shuangwen rebellion in Taiwan against the Qing government. Fuk'anggan commanded 20,000 troops and suppressed the rebellion. In 1790, the Nepalese Gurkha army invaded Tibet and the 8th Dalai Lama, Jamphel Gyatso, escaped from Lhasa and appealed to the Q ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Mingfu
Mingfu (; "noblewoman", "court lady") was granted to wives of officials, non-imperial aristocrats and collateral clanswomen. Also, mothers of imperial consorts were granted a title of according to the rank held by her daughter as well as sisters of imperial consorts. A title was granted to nursemaids of emperors and attendants of imperial consorts. Noblewomen were divided into 7 ranks according to the rank of her husband and her daughter, if her daughter was an imperial consort. If the title held by husbands was divided into subclasses, they could be treated equally. Rules of promotion Married lady held title according to the position of her husband and could be promoted if her family members or children became officials or were awarded aristocratic title. Wives of 8th and 9th rank officials could be granted a title of mingfu. Mingfu retained her title even after divorce if her sister or daughter was imperial consort. However, wives and mothers of dukes and aristocrats who ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Consort Shu (Qianlong)
Consort Shu (7 July 1728 – 4 July 1777), of the Manchu Plain Yellow Banner Yehe Nara clan, was a consort of the Qianlong Emperor. She was 17 years his junior. Life Family background Consort Shu's personal name was not recorded in history. * Father: Yongshou (; 1702–1731), served as the Right Vice Minister of War from 1727–1729 ** Paternal grandfather: Kuifang (; 1679–1707), held the title of a prince consort (), Mingju's third son ** Paternal grandmother: Aisin Gioro Shushen (; 1681–1706), held the title of a third rank princess (), Giyesu's eighth daughter * Mother: Guan Sibai () ** Maternal grandfather: Hantai () * One brother * Three elder sisters **First elder sister: wife of Fuheng, of the Fuca clan **Second elder sister: Primary Princess Consort Li of the First Rank, wife of Yongkui Yongzheng era The future Consort Shu was born on the first day of the sixth lunar month in the sixth year of the reign of the Yongzheng Emperor, which translates to 7 July 1728 in ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
