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Gavialis Bengawanicus
''Gavialis bengawanicus'' is an extinct species of crocodilian that is related to the modern Indian gharial. Fossils have been found in Thailand and Indonesia. The type locality is at Trinil. The presence of this species in Thailand may provide an explanation for the distribution of fossil gharials that appears disjunct, covering Pakistan and Java but not the connecting areas. The fossils suggest that gharials may have dispersed from Indo-Pakistan to Indonesia through Thailand without having to resort to marine routes. Below is a cladogram that shows the proposed phylogeny within Gavialidae, including extinct members, and how ''Gavialis bengawanicus'' is most closely related to the living gharial The gharial (''Gavialis gangeticus''), also known as gavial or fish-eating crocodile, is a crocodilian in the family Gavialidae and among the longest of all living crocodilians. Mature females are long, and males . Adult males have a distinct b ...: References Gavialidae ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Early Pleistocene
The Early Pleistocene is an unofficial sub-epoch in the international geologic timescale in chronostratigraphy, being the earliest division of the Pleistocene Epoch within the ongoing Quaternary Period. It is currently estimated to span the time between 2.580 ± 0.005 Ma (million years ago) and 0.773 ± 0.005 Ma. The term Early Pleistocene applies to both the Gelasian Age (to 1.800 ± 0.005 Ma) and the Calabrian Age. While the Gelasian and the Calabrian have officially been defined by the International Union of Geological Sciences (IUGS) to effectively constitute the Early Pleistocene, the succeeding Chibanian and Tarantian ages have yet to be ratified. These proposed ages are unofficially termed the Middle Pleistocene and Late Pleistocene The Late Pleistocene is an unofficial Age (geology), age in the international geologic timescale in chronostratigraphy, also known as Upper Pleistocene from a Stratigraphy, stratigraphic perspective. It is intended to be the fourth div ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Gavialis Browni
''Gavialis browni'' is an extinct species of the crocodylian genus ''Gavialis'' and a close relative of the living gharial ''Gavialis gangeticus''. ''G. browni'' lived about 5 million years ago in the Sivalik Hills of Pakistan. ''G. browni'' can be distinguished from ''G. gangeticus'' by its more closely spaced eyes and a narrower frontal bone. The species was named in 1932 by paleontologist Charles Mook. Mook described it as a transitional form between the most primitive ''Gavialis'' species, ''Gavialis dixoni'', and the most advanced, the modern gharial (although ''G. dixoni'' is now placed outside ''Gavialis'' in its own genus, ''Dollosuchus'', and may be more closely related to crocodiles than to the gharial). ''G. browni'' has a longer snout with more teeth than ''Dollosuchus'', but it is not as long and does not have as many teeth as that of the gharial. ''G. browni'' has also been proposed to be moved to a genus other than ''Gavialis''. Below is a cladogram that shows the ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
False Gharial
The false gharial (''Tomistoma schlegelii''), also known by the names Malayan gharial, Sunda gharial and tomistoma is a freshwater crocodilian of the family Gavialidae native to Peninsular Malaysia, Borneo, Sumatra and Java. It is listed as Vulnerable on the IUCN Red List, as the global population is estimated at around 2,500 to 10,000 mature individuals. The specific name ''schlegelii'' honors Hermann Schlegel. Taxonomy The scientific name ''Crocodilus (Gavialis) schlegelii'' was proposed by Salomon Müller in 1838 who described a specimen collected in Borneo. In 1846, he proposed to use the name ''Tomistoma schlegelii'', if it needs to be placed in a distinct genus. The genus ''Tomistoma'' potentially also contains several extinct species like ''T. cairense'', ''T. lusitanicum'', ''T. taiwanicus'', and ''T. coppensi''. However, these species may need to be reclassified to different genera as are paraphyletic. The false gharial's snout broadens considerably towards the ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Tomistoma Lusitanica
''Tomistoma'' is a genus of gavialid crocodilians. They are noted for their long narrow snouts used to catch fish, similar to the gharial. ''Tomistoma'' contains one extant (living) member, the false gharial (''Tomistoma schlegelii''), as well as potentially several extinct species: ''T. cairense'', ''T. lusitanicum'', ''T. taiwanicus'', ''T. coppensi'', and ''T. dowsoni''. However, these species may need to be reclassified to different genera as studies have shown them to be paraphyletic. Unlike the gharial, the false gharial's snout broadens considerably towards the base and so is more similar to those of true crocodiles than the gharial, whose osteology indicated a distinct lineage from all other living crocodilians.Piras, P., Colangelo, P., Adams, D. C., Buscalioni, A., Cubo, J., Kotsakis, T., & Raia, P. (2010). ''The Gavialis–Tomistoma debate: the contribution of skull ontogenetic allometry and growth trajectories to the study of crocodylian relationships''. Evolution & d ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Gavialosuchus
''Gavialosuchus'' is an extinct genus of gavialid crocodylian from the early Miocene of Europe. Currently only one species is recognized, as a few other species of ''Gavialosuchus'' have since been reclassified to other genera. Taxonomy The type species, ''G. eggenburgensis'', is known from the early Miocene of Austria. Two other species - ''G. americanus'' and ''G. carolinensis'' - have since been reclassified to other genera. Myrick Jr. (2001) proposed synonymizing ''Gavialosuchus americanus'' with '' Thecachampsa antiqua''. Piras ''et al.'' (2007) advocated transferring both ''G. americanus'' and ''G. carolinensis'' to ''Thecachampsa'' as distinct species of the latter genus, however. Jouve ''et al.'' (2008) retained ''G. americanus'' in ''Gavialosuchus'' and found it to be the sister group of ''G. eggenburgensis'' (''G. carolinensis'' was not discussed). However, Jouve ''et al.'' (2008) didn't test ''Thecachampsa antiqua'' in their phylogenetic analysis. Shan ''et al.'' (200 ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Penghusuchus
''Penghusuchus'' is an extinct genus of gavialid crocodylian. It is known from a skeleton found in Upper Miocene rocks of Penghu Island, off Taiwan. It may be related to two other fossil Asian gavialids: ''Maomingosuchus petrolica'' of southeastern China and '' Toyotamaphimeia machikanensis'' of Japan. The taxon was described in 2009 by Shan and colleagues; the type species is ''P. pani''. Below is a cladogram based morphological studies comparing skeletal features that shows ''Penghusuchus'' as a member of Tomistominae, related to the false gharial: Based on morphological studies of extinct taxa, the tomistomines (including the living false gharial) were long thought to be classified as crocodiles and not closely related to gavialoids. However, recent molecular studies using DNA sequencing have consistently indicated that the false gharial (''Tomistoma'') (and by inference other related extinct forms in Tomistominae) actually belong to Gavialoidea (and Gavialidae). Below is ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Toyotamaphimeia
''Toyotamaphimeia machikanensis'' (Toyotama-hime from Mountain Machikane ( :ja:待兼山)) is an extinct gavialid crocodylian which lived in Japan during the Pleistocene. A specimen recovered in 1964 at Osaka University during the construction of a new science building has been dated to around 430–380 thousand years old based on the stratum in which it was found. Unassigned species from same genus is also known from Taiwan. ''T. machikanensis'' was a fairly large crocodylian with a 1 m (3.3 ft) skull and a total length up to 7.7 m (25 ft). It was originally described as a member of the genus ''Tomistoma''. History and naming The first bones belonging to ''Toyotamaphimeia'' were discovered on May 3rd 1964 during the construction of a new school building on the grounds of Ôsaka University. A field survey was conducted shortly afterwards, confirming the presence of more fossils, however not yet identifying their crocodilian nature. Following the survey severa ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Harpacochampsa
''Harpacochampsa'' is a poorly known Early Miocene crocodilian from the Bullock Creek lagerstätte of the Northern Territory, Australia. The current specimen consists of a partial skull and fragments of a long, slender snout reminiscent of that of a false gharial, demonstrating that it was a piscivore in life. It was originally tentatively placed within a group of Australian crocodilians now known as the Mekosuchinae, although this has been frequently disputed, with other authors instead suggesting it may have been a more basal crocodyloid or a type of gavialid. History and naming ''Harpacochampsa'' was named on the basis of several bones, primarily of the skull, discovered at the Bullock Creek fossil site in the Northern Territory of Australia. The type description lists four specimens, the holotype being formed by the right side of the back of the skull, preserving both the infratemporal fenestra and the supratemporal fenestra. Additional fossils include the tip of the snout ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Piscogavialis
''Piscogavialis'' is an extinct monospecific genus of gryposuchine gavialid crocodylian. The only species yet known is ''P. jugaliperforatus''. Fossils of ''Piscogavialis'' have been found from the Mio-Pliocene Pisco Formation of the Sacaco Basin in southern Peru in 1998,''Piscogavialis'' at .org where it coexisted with the much smaller gavialid '' Sacacosuchus''. ''Piscogavialis'' is known only from a single specimen, but it represents some of the best preserved gavialid material known from |
Gryposuchus Pachakamue
''Gryposuchus'' is an extinct genus of gavialid crocodilian. Fossils have been found from Argentina, Colombia, Venezuela, Brazil and the Peruvian Amazon. The genus existed during the Miocene epoch (Colhuehuapian to Huayquerian). One recently described species, ''G. croizati'', grew to an estimated length of . ''Gryposuchus'' is the type genus of the subfamily Gryposuchinae, although a 2018 study indicates that Gryposuchinae and ''Gryposuchus'' might be paraphyletic and rather an evolutionary grade towards the gharial. Species The type species of ''Gryposuchus'' is ''G. jessei'', named based on a well-preserved rostrum collected along the Pauini River of Brazil in 1912. The specimen was probably destroyed during World War II by the 1943 bombing of Hamburg. Another specimen named UFAC 1272, consisting of a premaxilla and maxilla, was discovered in the nearby Sena Madureia locality of the late Miocene Solimões Formation, in and referred to the species in 1997. ''G. jessei' ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ikanogavialis
''Ikanogavialis'' is an extinct genus of gavialid crocodilian. Fossils have been found in the Urumaco Formation in Urumaco, Venezuela and the Solimões Formation of Brazil. The strata from which remains are found are late Miocene in age, rather than Pliocene as was once thought. A possible member of this genus survived into the Late Holocene on Muyua or Woodlark Island in Papua New Guinea. Description ''Ikanogavialis'' had a dorsoventrally deep snout and a distinctive notch between the dentary and maxillary alveoli. The external nares projected anterodorsally from the rostrum. This can be seen as a plesiomorphic characteristic in crocodilians, but given that the earliest gavialoids possessed dorsally projecting external nares, this feature can be seen as having been a reversal from the gavialoid apomorphy back to the crocodilian plesiomorphy rather than having been directly obtained from an early crocodilian ancestor. Species The type species of ''Ikanogavialis'' is ''I. ga ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Gryposuchus Colombianus
''Gryposuchus'' is an extinct genus of gavialid crocodilian. Fossils have been found from Argentina, Colombia, Venezuela, Brazil and the Peruvian Amazon. The genus existed during the Miocene epoch (Colhuehuapian to Huayquerian). One recently described species, ''G. croizati'', grew to an estimated length of . ''Gryposuchus'' is the type genus of the subfamily Gryposuchinae, although a 2018 study indicates that Gryposuchinae and ''Gryposuchus'' might be paraphyletic and rather an evolutionary grade towards the gharial. Species The type species of ''Gryposuchus'' is ''G. jessei'', named based on a well-preserved rostrum collected along the Pauini River of Brazil in 1912. The specimen was probably destroyed during World War II by the 1943 bombing of Hamburg. Another specimen named UFAC 1272, consisting of a premaxilla and maxilla, was discovered in the nearby Sena Madureia locality of the late Miocene Solimões Formation, in and referred to the species in 1997. ''G. jessei' ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
