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Gaspocyrtoceras
''Gaspocyrtoceras'' is a genus of orthocerids included in the Paraphragmitidae Paraphragmitidae is an extinct family of actively mobile aquatic carnivorous cephalopods belonging to the subclass Orthoceratoidea endemic to what would be Asia and Europe during the Silurian living from 436 to 418.7 mya, existing for approxima .... Its fossils are limited to North America and have been found in Wisconsin and Quebec. The shell of ''Gaspocyrtoceras'' is a coarsely annularted exogastric cyrtocone. Curvature is upward, the ventral side convex in profile. Annulations slope dorso-ventally to the rear as they do in '' Calocyrtoceras''. Striations on the surface, fine goove-like features, are longitudinal in contrast to the transverse striations of '' Cyrtocycloceras''. References * Walter c. Sweet, 1964. Nautiloidea- Orthocerida. Treatise on Invertebrate Paleontology, Part K. Geologica Society of America. Prehistoric nautiloid genera Silurian animals {{paleo-nautiloidea-st ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Cyrtocycloceras
''Cyrtocycloceras'' is a genus of orthocerids from the Middle Silurian of Europe included in the Paraphragmitidae. The shell, or conch, of ''Cyrtocycloceras'' is a moderately expanding annulated exogastric cyrtocone, with curvature like that of a rocking chair rocker. Annulations, encircling ribs, are close spaced and transverse and the surface is transversely striated. '' Calocyrtoceras'' from the Middle Silurian of both Europe and North America is striated both transversely and longitudinally while ''Gaspocyrtoceras ''Gaspocyrtoceras'' is a genus of orthocerids included in the Paraphragmitidae Paraphragmitidae is an extinct family of actively mobile aquatic carnivorous cephalopods belonging to the subclass Orthoceratoidea endemic to what would be Asia a ...'' is striated only longitudinally. Moreover the annulations on ''Calocyrtoceras'' and ''Gaspocyrtoceras'' tend to be thicker and further apart than on ''Cyrtocycloceras''. References * Walter C. Sweet, 1964. Nauti ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Silurian
The Silurian ( ) is a geologic period and system spanning 24.6 million years from the end of the Ordovician Period, at million years ago ( Mya), to the beginning of the Devonian Period, Mya. The Silurian is the shortest period of the Paleozoic Era. As with other geologic periods, the rock beds that define the period's start and end are well identified, but the exact dates are uncertain by a few million years. The base of the Silurian is set at a series of major Ordovician–Silurian extinction events when up to 60% of marine genera were wiped out. One important event in this period was the initial establishment of terrestrial life in what is known as the Silurian-Devonian Terrestrial Revolution: vascular plants emerged from more primitive land plants, dikaryan fungi started expanding and diversifying along with glomeromycotan fungi, and three groups of arthropods (myriapods, arachnids and hexapods) became fully terrestrialized. A significant evolutionary milestone during ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Animal
Animals are multicellular, eukaryotic organisms in the Kingdom (biology), biological kingdom Animalia. With few exceptions, animals Heterotroph, consume organic material, Cellular respiration#Aerobic respiration, breathe oxygen, are Motility, able to move, can Sexual reproduction, reproduce sexually, and go through an ontogenetic stage in which their body consists of a hollow sphere of Cell (biology), cells, the blastula, during Embryogenesis, embryonic development. Over 1.5 million Extant taxon, living animal species have been Species description, described—of which around 1 million are Insecta, insects—but it has been estimated there are over 7 million animal species in total. Animals range in length from to . They have Ecology, complex interactions with each other and their environments, forming intricate food webs. The scientific study of animals is known as zoology. Most living animal species are in Bilateria, a clade whose members have a Symmetry in biology#Bilate ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Mollusc
Mollusca is the second-largest phylum of invertebrate animals after the Arthropoda, the members of which are known as molluscs or mollusks (). Around 85,000 extant species of molluscs are recognized. The number of fossil species is estimated between 60,000 and 100,000 additional species. The proportion of undescribed species is very high. Many taxa remain poorly studied. Molluscs are the largest marine phylum, comprising about 23% of all the named marine organisms. Numerous molluscs also live in freshwater and terrestrial habitats. They are highly diverse, not just in size and anatomical structure, but also in behaviour and habitat. The phylum is typically divided into 7 or 8 taxonomic classes, of which two are entirely extinct. Cephalopod molluscs, such as squid, cuttlefish, and octopuses, are among the most neurologically advanced of all invertebrates—and either the giant squid or the colossal squid is the largest known invertebrate species. The gastropods ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Cephalopod
A cephalopod is any member of the molluscan class Cephalopoda (Greek plural , ; "head-feet") such as a squid, octopus, cuttlefish, or nautilus. These exclusively marine animals are characterized by bilateral body symmetry, a prominent head, and a set of arms or tentacles (muscular hydrostats) modified from the primitive molluscan foot. Fishers sometimes call cephalopods "inkfish", referring to their common ability to squirt ink. The study of cephalopods is a branch of malacology known as teuthology. Cephalopods became dominant during the Ordovician period, represented by primitive nautiloids. The class now contains two, only distantly related, extant subclasses: Coleoidea, which includes octopuses, squid, and cuttlefish; and Nautiloidea, represented by ''Nautilus'' and ''Allonautilus''. In the Coleoidea, the molluscan shell has been internalized or is absent, whereas in the Nautiloidea, the external shell remains. About 800 living species of cephalopods have been ident ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Nautiloidea
Nautiloids are a group of marine cephalopods (Mollusca) which originated in the Late Cambrian and are represented today by the living ''Nautilus'' and ''Allonautilus''. Fossil nautiloids are diverse and speciose, with over 2,500 recorded species. They flourished during the early Paleozoic era, when they constituted the main predatory animals. Early in their evolution, nautiloids developed an extraordinary diversity of shell shapes, including coiled morphologies and giant straight-shelled forms ( orthocones). Only a handful of rare coiled species, the nautiluses, survive to the present day. In a broad sense, "nautiloid" refers to a major cephalopod subclass or collection of subclasses (Nautiloidea ''sensu lato''). Nautiloids are typically considered one of three main groups of cephalopods, along with the extinct ammonoids (ammonites) and living coleoids (such as squid, octopus, and kin). While ammonoids and coleoids are monophyletic clades with exclusive ancestor-descendant rela ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Orthocerida
Orthocerida is an order of extinct Orthoceratoid cephalopods also known as the Michelinocerida that lived from the Early Ordovician () possibly to the Late Triassic (). A fossil found in the Caucasus suggests they may even have survived until the Early Cretaceous (). They were most common however from the Ordovician to the Devonian. Shell form The shell is usually long, and may be straight ("orthoconic") or gently curved. In life, these animals may have been similar to the modern squid, except for the long shell. The internal structure of the shell consists of concavo-convex chambers linked by a centrally-placed tube called a siphuncle. There is a tendency for the chambers to develop cameral deposits, which were used as ballast to balance the long gas-filled shell. Depending on the family, the siphuncle has orthochoanitic (short and straight) or cyrtochoanitic (outwardly curved) septal necks, which protrude from the septa. The shell surface may be (depending on the specie ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Orthocerataceae
The Orthocerataceae is a superfamily of orthocerid cephalopods that lived from the late Early Ordovician to the Early Cretaceous,Sweet, W. C. 1964. Nautiloidea- Orthocerida; Treatise on Invertebrate Paleontology Part K, Teichert et al (eds) pp K224–K242Doguzhaeva, Larisa. (1994) An Early Cretaceous orthocerid cephalopod from north-western Caucasus.; Palaeontology 37(4) : 889–899 but is no longer in general use. The Orthocerataceae is one of two superfamilies in the Orthocerida presented in the Treatise, the other being the Pseudorthocerataceae. With the recognition of orthocerids and pseuorthocerids as separate orders, the two superfamilies became unnecessary taxa with the Orthoceraceacea and Pseudorthocerataceae left as historical references. As originally conceived the Orthocerataceae unites families characterized by straight or slightly curved, smooth or ornamented shells, generally with a circular cross section and tubular, centrally positioned siphuncles; given an ov ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Paraphragmitidae
Paraphragmitidae is an extinct family of actively mobile aquatic carnivorous cephalopods belonging to the subclass Orthoceratoidea endemic to what would be Asia and Europe during the Silurian living from 436 to 418.7 mya, existing for approximately . In life, these animals may have been similar to the modern squid, except for the long shell. The internal structure of the shell consists of concavo-convex chambers linked by a centrally-placed tube called a siphuncle. Taxonomy The Paraphragmitidae was named and defined by Flower (1950) as containing annulated orthocones and cyrtocones included in the Michelinoceratida. Walter Sweet, (in Teichert ''et al'' 1964), included them in the Orthocerataceae, one of two superfamilies then of the Orthocerida (=Michelinocerida) . With the recognition of the Pseudorthocerida as a separate order the two superfamilies became obsolete leaving the Paraphragmitidae simply an orthocerid family . See also References *Flower (and Kümmel) 1950, ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Calocyrtoceras
''Calocyrtoceras'' is a genus of orthocerids (Cephalopoda, Nautiloidea), from the middle Silurian of North America (Quebec) and central Europe. The shell, or conch, of ''Calocyrtoceras'' is generally characteristic of its family, the Paraphragmitidae, an annulated cyrtocone. In the case of ''Calocyrtoceras'' striated both transversely and longitudinally. Similar ''Cyrtocycloceras ''Cyrtocycloceras'' is a genus of orthocerids from the Middle Silurian of Europe included in the Paraphragmitidae. The shell, or conch, of ''Cyrtocycloceras'' is a moderately expanding annulated exogastric cyrtocone, with curvature like that of ...'' from the Middle Silurian of Europe is only striated transversely while similar '' Gaspocyclocas'' from the Middle Silurian of North America is only striated longitudinally. References * Walter C. Sweet, 1964. Nautiloidea -Orthocerida. Treatise on Invertebrate Paleontology, Part K. Geological Society of America. ''Calocyrtoceras'' Fossilworks, PaleoD ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Prehistoric Nautiloid Genera
Prehistory, also known as pre-literary history, is the period of human history between the use of the first stone tools by hominins 3.3 million years ago and the beginning of recorded history with the invention of writing systems. The use of symbols, marks, and images appears very early among humans, but the earliest known writing systems appeared 5000 years ago. It took thousands of years for writing systems to be widely adopted, with writing spreading to almost all cultures by the 19th century. The end of prehistory therefore came at very different times in different places, and the term is less often used in discussing societies where prehistory ended relatively recently. In the early Bronze Age, Sumer in Mesopotamia, the Indus Valley Civilisation, and ancient Egypt were the first civilizations to develop their own scripts and to keep historical records, with their neighbors following. Most other civilizations reached the end of prehistory during the following Iron Age. T ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
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