Gargaphia Solani
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Gargaphia Solani
''Gargaphia solani'' is a subsocial species of lace bug commonly known as the eggplant lace bug. The species was described by Heidemann in 1914 after it aroused attention a year earlier in the United States as an eggplant pest around Norfolk, Virginia. Fink found that the species became an agricultural pest when eggplant is planted on a large scale. It mainly feeds on the flowering plant family Solanaceae, being found on a range of ''Solanum'' species including tomato, potatoes and eggplant as well as species of other genera such as ''Althara'', ''Cassia'', ''Gossypium'' and ''Salvia''. It is found in Mexico, the United States and Canada. It is prey to generalist predators such as adults and larvae of the ladybirds ''Hippodamia convergens'' and '' Megilla maculata'', which flip their prey onto their back before eating them. Some other heteropterans prey on them, specifically ''Podisus maculiventris'' and ''Orius insidiosus'' (which prey on nymphs). Three small spider species a ...
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Gargaphia Solani (cropped)
''Gargaphia solani'' is a subsocial species of lace bug commonly known as the eggplant lace bug. The species was described by Heidemann in 1914 after it aroused attention a year earlier in the United States as an eggplant pest (organism), pest around Norfolk, Virginia. Fink found that the species became an agricultural pest when eggplant is planted on a large scale. It mainly feeds on the flowering plant family Solanaceae, being found on a range of ''Solanum'' species including tomato, potatoes and eggplant as well as species of other genus, genera such as ''Althara'', ''Cassia'', ''Gossypium'' and ''Salvia''. It is found in Mexico, the United States and Canada. It is predation, prey to generalist predators such as adults and larvae of the coccinellidae, ladybirds ''Hippodamia convergens'' and ''Megilla maculata'', which flip their prey onto their back before eating them. Some other heteropterans prey on them, specifically ''Podisus maculiventris'' and ''Orius insidiosus'' (which ...
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Podisus Maculiventris
The spined soldier bug (''Podisus maculiventris'') is a species of stink bug common in North America. They are predators of gypsy moth caterpillars and the larvae of beetles such as the Colorado potato beetle and the Mexican bean beetle. Since the Mexican bean beetle is widely regarded as a notorious agricultural pest in North America, soldier bugs are generally considered to be beneficial garden insects. ''P. maculiventris'' is a generalist predator with a broad host range, reportedly attacking 90 insect species, which includes several important economic pests. Reported prey include the larvae of the Mexican bean beetle, Colorado potato beetle, flea beetles and diamondback moth, and corn earworm, beet armyworm, fall armyworm, European corn borer, cabbage looper, imported cabbageworm, and velvetbean caterpillar. When prey is scarce, ''P. maculiventris'' may feed on plant juices, but this feeding is not reported to cause significant plant damage. ''P. maculiventris'' is associa ...
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Egg (insect)
An egg is an organic vessel grown by an animal to carry a possibly fertilized egg cell (a zygote) and to incubate from it an embryo within the egg until the embryo has become an animal fetus that can survive on its own, at which point the animal hatches. Most arthropods such as insects, vertebrates (excluding live-bearing mammals), and mollusks lay eggs, although some, such as scorpions, do not. Reptile eggs, bird eggs, and monotreme eggs are laid out of water and are surrounded by a protective shell, either flexible or inflexible. Eggs laid on land or in nests are usually kept within a warm and favorable temperature range while the embryo grows. When the embryo is adequately developed it hatches, i.e., breaks out of the egg's shell. Some embryos have a temporary egg tooth they use to crack, pip, or break the eggshell or covering. The largest recorded egg is from a whale shark and was in size. Whale shark eggs typically hatch within the mother. At and up to , the ostr ...
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Animal Behaviour (journal)
''Animal Behaviour'' is a double-blind peer-reviewed scientific journal established in 1953 as ''The British Journal of Animal Behaviour'', before obtaining its current title in 1958. It is published monthly by Elsevier for the Association for the Study of Animal Behaviour in collaboration with the Animal Behavior Society. It covers all aspects of ethology, including behavioural ecology, evolution of behaviour, sociobiology, ethology, behavioural physiology, population biology, and navigation and migration. Abstracting and indexing The journal is abstracted and indexed in EMBiology, Scopus, and the Science Citation Index. According to the ''Journal Citation Reports'', the journal has a 2020 impact factor The impact factor (IF) or journal impact factor (JIF) of an academic journal is a scientometric index calculated by Clarivate that reflects the yearly mean number of citations of articles published in the last two years in a given journal, as i ... of 2.844. References ...
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BioScience
''BioScience'' is a monthly peer-reviewed scientific journal that is published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the American Institute of Biological Sciences. It was established in 1964 and was preceded by the ''AIBS Bulletin'' (1951–1963). The journal publishes literature reviews of current research in biology, as well as essays and discussion sections on education, public policy, history of biology, and theoretical issues. Abstracting and indexing The journal is abstracted and indexed in MEDLINE/PubMed (1973–1979), the Science Citation Index, Current Contents/Agriculture, Biology & Environmental Sciences, The Zoological Record, and BIOSIS Previews. According to the ''Journal Citation Reports'', the journal has a 2020 impact factor of 8.589. References External links * {{Official website, http://bioscience.oxfordjournals.org/ Journal pageat the American Institute of Biological Sciences The American Institute of Biological Sciences (AIBS) is a nonprofit s ...
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Insect Parental Care
Insects (from Latin ') are pancrustacean hexapod invertebrates of the class Insecta. They are the largest group within the arthropod phylum. Insects have a chitinous exoskeleton, a three-part body (head, thorax and abdomen), three pairs of jointed legs, compound eyes and one pair of antennae. Their blood is not totally contained in vessels; some circulates in an open cavity known as the haemocoel. Insects are the most diverse group of animals; they include more than a million described species and represent more than half of all known living organisms. The total number of extant species is estimated at between six and ten million; In: potentially over 90% of the animal life forms on Earth are insects. Insects may be found in nearly all environments, although only a small number of species reside in the oceans, which are dominated by another arthropod group, crustaceans, which recent research has indicated insects are nested within. Nearly all insects hatch from eggs. Insec ...
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