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Ganoderma Lucidum
''Ganoderma lucidum'' is a red-colored species of ''Ganoderma'' with a limited distribution in Europe and parts of China, where it grows on decaying hardwood trees. Wild populations have been found in the United States in California and Utah, but were likely introduced anthropogenically and naturalized. Etymology The scientific name, ''Ganoderma lucidum'', uses the genus name, ''Ganoderma'' (derived from the Greek ganos/γάνος "brightness, sheen", hence "shining" and derma/δέρμα "skin") combined with ''lucidum'' from Latin for "lucidus" as light, bright or clear. Taxonomy and history The history of the ''Ganoderma lucidum'' taxon is tied to the history of ''Ganoderma'' as a genus. Karsten first described the ''Ganoderma'' in 1881 and included only one species in the genus, ''G. lucidum'' (Curtis) Karst. Previously, it was called ''Boletus lucidus'' Curtis (1781) and then ''Polyporus lucidus'' (Curtis) Fr. (1821). Patouillard revised Karsten's genus Ganoderma to include ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Petter Adolf Karsten
Petter Adolf Karsten (16 February 1834 – 22 March 1917) was a Finnish mycologist, the foremost expert on the fungi of Finland in his day, and known in consequence as the "father of Finnish mycology". Karsten was born in Merimasku near Turku, studied at the University of Helsinki, and then moved to the inland of Tammela, where he spent most of his life with teaching botany and doing research at the Mustiala Agriculture Institute (now the Faculty of Agriculture of the HAMK University of Applied Sciences). He amassed a vast collection, both by his own efforts and those of his correspondents, and named about 200 new genera and 2,000 new species. In his mycological studies he extensively used the microscope and can be considered as the pioneer of fungal microscopy. ''Karstenia'', the international journal of mycology published by the Finnish Mycological Society, is dedicated to Karsten. Honours In 1885, botanist Elias Magnus Fries published ''Karstenia'' is a genus of fungi in the ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Basidiospore
A basidiospore is a reproductive spore produced by Basidiomycete fungi, a grouping that includes mushrooms, shelf fungi, rusts, and smuts. Basidiospores typically each contain one haploid nucleus that is the product of meiosis, and they are produced by specialized fungal cells called basidia. Typically, four basidiospores develop on appendages from each basidium, of which two are of one strain and the other two of its opposite strain. In gills under a cap of one common species, there exist millions of basidia. Some gilled mushrooms in the order Agaricales have the ability to release billions of spores. The puffball fungus ''Calvatia gigantea'' has been calculated to produce about five trillion basidiospores. Most basidiospores are forcibly discharged, and are thus considered ballistospores. These spores serve as the main air dispersal units for the fungi. The spores are released during periods of high humidity and generally have a night-time or pre-dawn peak concentration in the ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ganodermataceae
The Ganodermataceae are a family (biology), family of fungi in the order Polyporales. , Index Fungorum accepts 8 genus, genera and 300 species in the family. The family was circumscription (taxonomy), circumscribed by Dutch mycologist Marinus Anton Donk in 1948 to contain polypores with a double basidiospore, spore wall. The inner wall is verruculose (with moderate-sized growths) to ornamented, thickened and usually coloured, while the outer wall is thin and hyaline. References Further reading * Ganodermataceae, Fungi described in 1948 Polyporales families, Ganodermataceae {{Polyporales-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ganoderma Sessile
''Ganoderma sessile'' is a species of polypore fungus in the Ganodermataceae family. This wood decay fungus is found commonly in Eastern North America, and is associated with declining or dead hardwoods. There is taxonomic uncertainty with this fungus since its circumscription in 1902.Murrill, W. A. 1902. The Polyporaceae of North America, genus I ''Ganoderma''. Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 29:599-608. Taxonomy and history Murrill described 17 new ''Ganoderma'' species in his treatises of North American polypores, including for example, ''G. oregonense, G. sessile, G. tsugae, G. tuberculosum'' and ''Ganoderma zonatum, G. zonatum''. Most notably and controversial was the typification of ''Ganoderma sessile,'' which was described from various hardwoods only in the United States.Murrill, W. A. 1908. Agaricales (Polyporaceae). North Amer. Flora 9:73-131. The specific epithet "sessile" comes from the Sessility (botany), sessile (without typical stem) nature of this species when found grow ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Species Complex
In biology, a species complex is a group of closely related organisms that are so similar in appearance and other features that the boundaries between them are often unclear. The taxa in the complex may be able to hybridize readily with each other, further blurring any distinctions. Terms that are sometimes used synonymously but have more precise meanings are cryptic species for two or more species hidden under one species name, sibling species for two (or more) species that are each other's closest relative, and species flock for a group of closely related species that live in the same habitat. As informal taxonomic ranks, species group, species aggregate, macrospecies, and superspecies are also in use. Two or more taxa that were once considered conspecific (of the same species) may later be subdivided into infraspecific taxa (taxa within a species, such as bacterial strains or plant varieties), that is complex but it is not a species complex. A species complex is in most cas ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ganoderma Australe
''Ganoderma tornatum'' is a fungal plant pathogen in the genus ''Ganoderma''. It is a species of basidiomycete fungi in the family Polyporaceae (members are also known as bracket fungi, or polypores). Like other polypores, its physical characteristics include a rigid and tough texture and a shelf-like appearance. Most specimens of G. tornatum have a dark brown upper surface, though the ones found in the northwest of India and Pakistan have a lighter appearance. Ganoderma tornatum also have thin, shiny horn-like layers, distinguishing them from Ganoderma applanatum. It does not have a long and thin stipe like Ganoderma cochlear. It is distributed widely throughout the tropics, appearing to be one of the most common species of Ganoderma there. Some places it occurs is south of the Sahara desert, the shores of the Pacific Ocean in Canada, and the north west of India and Pakistan, and from the Philippines to New Caledonia and Papua. It is not clear if this species occurs in South ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ganoderma Applanatum
''Ganoderma applanatum'' (the artist's bracket, artist's conk, artist's fungus or bear bread) is a bracket fungus with a cosmopolitan distribution. Description This fungus is parasitic and saprophytic, and grows as a mycelium within the wood of living and dead trees. The ''Ganoderma applanatum'' grows in single, scattered, or compound formations. It forms fruiting bodies that are 3–30 cm wide × 5–50 cm long × 1–10 cm thick, hard as leather, woody-textured, and inedible. They are white at first but soon turn dark red-brown. The upper surface of the fruiting body is covered with reddish brown conidia. Brown spores are released from the pores on the underside of the fruiting body. The spores are highly concentrated, and as many as 4.65 billion spores can be dispersed from a 10–10 cm section of the conk within 24 hours. The tubes are 4–12 mm deep and terminate in pores that are round with 4–6 per millimetre. The fruiting bodies are perennial, ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Genetic Testing
Genetic testing, also known as DNA testing, is used to identify changes in DNA sequence or chromosome structure. Genetic testing can also include measuring the results of genetic changes, such as RNA analysis as an output of gene expression, or through biochemical analysis to measure specific protein output. In a medical setting, genetic testing can be used to diagnose or rule out suspected genetic disorders, predict risks for specific conditions, or gain information that can be used to customize medical treatments based on an individual's genetic makeup. Genetic testing can also be used to determine biological relatives, such as a child's biological parentage (genetic mother and father) through DNA paternity testing, or be used to broadly predict an individual's ancestry. Genetic testing of plants and animals can be used for similar reasons as in humans (e.g. to assess relatedness/ancestry or predict/diagnose genetic disorders), to gain information used for selective breeding, ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ganoderma Sinense
''Ganoderma sinense'' is a black to purplish-black or dark brown laccate species of ''Ganoderma'' found in China, Japan and Taiwan growing on decaying wood of broad-leaved trees and pine stumps. It is used in traditional Asian medicine, where it is known as zizhi (紫芝, purple Ganoderma) in Chinese. Taxonomy ''Ganoderma sinense'' was erected as a species in 1979 by J.D. Zhao, L.W. Hsu, and X.Q. Zhang, distinguishing it from ''Ganoderma dimidiatum'' (formerly ''Ganoderma japonicum'') by morphology. One recent genetic study of two dozen samples collected in China and identified as ''G. sinense'' and ''G. japonicum'' by morphology showed all samples were the same species, ''G. sinense''. The 20 of these identified as ''G. sinense'' showed a high variance in morphological features. Other studies have suggested that ''G. sinense'' and ''G. japonicum'' are the same species, based on their high sequence similarity in ITS data. However, because DNA samples collected in Japan under ' ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Traditional Medicine
Traditional medicine (also known as indigenous medicine or folk medicine) comprises medical aspects of traditional knowledge that developed over generations within the folk beliefs of various societies, including indigenous peoples, before the era of modern medicine. The World Health Organization (WHO) defines traditional medicine as "the sum total of the knowledge, skills, and practices based on the theories, beliefs, and experiences indigenous to different cultures, whether explicable or not, used in the maintenance of health as well as in the prevention, diagnosis, improvement or treatment of physical and mental illness". Traditional medicine is often contrasted with scientific medicine. In some Asian and African countries, up to 80% of the population relies on traditional medicine for their primary health care needs. When adopted outside its traditional culture, traditional medicine is often considered a form of alternative medicine. Practices known as traditional medicines ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
University Of California Press
The University of California Press, otherwise known as UC Press, is a publishing house associated with the University of California that engages in academic publishing. It was founded in 1893 to publish scholarly and scientific works by faculty of the University of California, established 25 years earlier in 1868, and has been officially headquartered at the university's flagship campus in Berkeley, California, since its inception. As the non-profit publishing arm of the University of California system, the UC Press is fully subsidized by the university and the State of California. A third of its authors are faculty members of the university. The press publishes over 250 new books and almost four dozen multi-issue journals annually, in the humanities, social sciences, and natural sciences, and maintains approximately 4,000 book titles in print. It is also the digital publisher of Collabra and Luminos open access (OA) initiatives. The University of California Press publishes in ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Stipe (mycology)
In mycology, a stipe () is the stem or stalk-like feature supporting the cap of a mushroom. Like all tissues of the mushroom other than the hymenium, the stipe is composed of sterile hyphal tissue. In many instances, however, the fertile hymenium extends down the stipe some distance. Fungi that have stipes are said to be stipitate. The evolutionary benefit of a stipe is generally considered to be in mediating spore dispersal. An elevated mushroom will more easily release its spores into wind currents or onto passing animals. Nevertheless, many mushrooms do not have stipes, including cup fungi, puffballs, earthstars, some polypores, jelly fungi, ergots, and smuts. It is often the case that features of the stipe are required to make a positive identification of a mushroom. Such distinguishing characters include: # the texture of the stipe (fibrous, brittle, chalky, leathery, firm, etc.) # whether it has remains of a partial veil (such as an annulus or cortina) or universal ve ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
