Gail Burwen
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Gail Burwen
Gail Burwen (December 14, 1945–June 17, 2017) was an American illustrator best known for her work in underground comix and the science fiction genre of the 1970s. She illustrated the original cover of the controversial plant perception book ''The Secret Life of Plants'' published in 1973. Biography Gail Burwen was born on December 14, 1945 in Cambridge, Massachusetts. She was the oldest of five children, the only daughter born to Robert and June Burwen. As a teenager she was a member of the National Honor Society and was credited with writing the school song. She graduated from Danvers High School in 1963, enrolling in the Massachusetts College of Art and Design shortly after. While studying at MCAD in 1966 Gail became the editor of the student newspaper. On June 17, 2017, Gail Burwen's died at the age of 71 in a fatal hit-and-run accident as she walked outside of her home in Somersworth, New Hampshire. The driver hid out for 4 days before being caught and arrested, s ...
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Cambridge, Massachusetts
Cambridge ( ) is a city in Middlesex County, Massachusetts, United States. As part of the Boston metropolitan area, the cities population of the 2020 U.S. census was 118,403, making it the fourth most populous city in the state, behind Boston, Worcester, and Springfield. It is one of two de jure county seats of Middlesex County, although the county's executive government was abolished in 1997. Situated directly north of Boston, across the Charles River, it was named in honor of the University of Cambridge in England, once also an important center of the Puritan theology embraced by the town's founders. Harvard University, the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), Lesley University, and Hult International Business School are in Cambridge, as was Radcliffe College before it merged with Harvard. Kendall Square in Cambridge has been called "the most innovative square mile on the planet" owing to the high concentration of successful startups that have emerged in the vicinity ...
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Kasenetz-Katz Singing Orchestral Circus
The Kasenetz-Katz Singing Orchestral Circus was a bubblegum music, bubblegum "Supergroup (music), supergroup" created by record producers Jerry Kasenetz and Jeffry Katz, consisting of various Super K Production band (music), groups. Original cast recording For the first album, the fictitious concept was to take eight Kasenetz-Katz produced groups and bring them together for a "live" performance at Carnegie Hall on 7 June 1968. The roster included: *1910 Fruitgum Company *Ohio Express *Music Explosion *Lt. Garcia's Magic Music Box *Teri Nelson Group *1989 Musical Marching Zoo *J.C.W. Rat Finks *St. Louis Invisible Marching Band According to the inner gatefold cover's liner notes, the "supergroup" consisted of 46 members. However, the album cover itself only shows 33 members (plus Kasenetz and Katz in tuxedos) while the individual inner cover photograph, photos total 37 (excluding the non-existent St. Louis Invisible Marching Band, whose photo is represented by a white block). Of ...
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Jay Kinney
Jay Kinney (born 1950) is an American author, editor, and former underground cartoonist. Kinney has been noted for "adding new dimensions to the political comic" in the underground comix press of the 1970s and '80s. Kinney was a member, along with Skip Williamson, Jay Lynch and R. Crumb, of the original ''Bijou Funnies'' crew. ''Bijou Funnies'' was heavily influenced by '' Mad'' magazine, and, along with ''Zap Comix'', is considered one of the titles to launch the underground comix movement.Fox, M. Steven"Bijou Funnies,"ComixJoint. Accessed Oct. 21, 2016. Kinney contributed to the first four issues (1968–1970), as well as the eighth and final issue (1973). Next, Kinney and Bill Griffith co-edited '' Young Lust'', an underground comix anthology published sporadically from 1970 to 1993. The title, which parodied 1950s romance comics such as '' Young Love'', was noted for its explicit depictions of sex. Unlike many other sex-fueled underground comix, ''Young Lust'' was generally ...
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Humor Magazine
A humor magazine is a magazine specifically designed to deliver humorous content to its readership. These publications often offer satire and parody, but some also put an emphasis on cartoons, caricature, absurdity, one-liners, witty aphorisms, surrealism, neuroticism, gelotology, emotion-regulating humor, and/or humorous essays. Humor magazines first became popular in the early 19th century with specimens like ''Le Charivari'' (1832–1937) in France, ''Punch'' (1841–2002) in the United Kingdom and '' Vanity Fair'' (1859–1863) in the United States. Contemporary humor magazines Out-of-print humor magazines {, class="sortable wikitable" , - ! width="110", Title ! width="75", Language ! width="45", Country ! width="80", Years published ! width="100", Notable Contributors ! width="50", Frequency ! width="100", Medium ! width="100", Classification , - , '' Army Man'' , English , USA , 1988–1990 , George Meyer, John Swartzwelder, Jack Handey, Mark O'Donnell , 3 issues , Pape ...
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Kitchen Sink Press
Kitchen Sink Press was a comic book publishing company founded by Denis Kitchen in 1970. Kitchen Sink Press was a pioneering publisher of underground comics, and was also responsible for numerous republications of classic comic strips in hardcover and softcover volumes. One of their best-known products was the first full reprint of Will Eisner's ''The Spirit''—first in magazine format, then in standard comic book format. The company closed in 1999. History Origins In 1969 Milwaukee artist Denis Kitchen decided to self-publish his comics and cartoons in the magazine ''Mom's Homemade Comics'', inspired in part by the seminal underground comix titles ''Bijou Funnies'' and ''Zap Comix''. The selling out of the 4,000 print-run inspired him further, and in 1970 he founded Kitchen Sink Press (initially as an artists' cooperative) and launched the Milwaukee-based underground newspaper ''The Bugle-American'', with Jim Mitchell and others. Under the name of the Krupp Syndicate, he syn ...
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Inker
The inker (sometimes credited as the finisher or embellisher) is one of the two line artists in traditional comic book production. The penciller creates a drawing, the inker outlines, interprets, finalizes, retraces this drawing by using a pencil, pen or a brush. Inking was necessary in the traditional printing process as presses could not reproduce pencilled drawings. "Inking" of text is usually handled by another specialist, the letterer, the application of colors by the colorist. As the last hand in the production chain before the colorist, the inker has the final word on the look of the page, and can help control a story's mood, pace, and readability. Workflow While inking can involve tracing pencil lines in a literal sense, it also requires interpreting the pencils, giving proper weight to the lines, correcting mistakes, and making other creative choices. The look of a penciler's final art can vary enormously depending on the inker. A pencil drawing can have an infinite n ...
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Lettering
Lettering is an umbrella term that covers the art of drawing letters, instead of simply writing them. Lettering is considered an art form, where each letter in a phrase or quote acts as an illustration. Each letter is created with attention to detail and has a unique role within a composition., Lettering is created as an image, with letters that are meant to be used in a unique configuration. Lettering words do not always translate into alphabets that can later be used in a typeface, since they are created with a specific word in mind., Examples Lettering includes that used for purposes of blueprints and comic books, as well as decorative lettering such as sign painting and custom graphics. For instance; on posters, for a letterhead or business wordmark, lettering in stone, lettering for advertisements, tire lettering, fileteado, graffiti, or on chalkboards. Lettering may be drawn, incised, applied using stencils, using a digital medium with a stylus, or a vector program. L ...
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Script (comics)
A script is a document describing the narrative and dialogue of a comic book in detail. It is the comic book equivalent of a Television, television program teleplay or a film screenplay. In comics, a script may be preceded by a plot outline, and is almost always followed by page sketches drawn by a comics artist and inker, inked, succeeded by the colorist, coloring and letterer, lettering stages. There are no prescribed forms of comic scripts, but there are two dominant styles in the mainstream comics industry, the ''full script'' (commonly known as "DC Comics, DC style") and the ''plot script'' (or "Marvel house style").Jones, Steven Philip"On Writing Comics" Accessed Nov. 28, 2008. Full script In this style, the comics writer (also comics scripter, comic book writer, comics author, comic book author, comics scribe, graphic novel writer, graphic novel author or graphic novelist) breaks the story down in sequence, page-by-page and panel-by-panel, describing the action, characters, ...
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Fumetti
Photo comics are a form of sequential storytelling that uses photographs rather than illustrations for the images, along with the usual comics conventions of narrative text and word balloons containing dialogue. They are sometimes referred to in English as fumetti, photonovels, photoromances, and similar terms. The photographs may be of real people in staged scenes, or posed dolls and other toys on sets. Although far less common than illustrated comics, photo comics have filled certain niches in various places and times. For example, they have been used to adapt popular film and television works into print, tell original melodramas, and provide medical education. Photo comics have been popular at times in Italy and Latin America, and to a lesser extent in English-speaking countries. Terminology The terminology used to describe photo comics is somewhat inconsistent and idiosyncratic. ''Fumetti'' is an Italian word (literally "little puffs of smoke", in reference to word balloon ...
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Novella
A novella is a narrative prose fiction whose length is shorter than most novels, but longer than most short stories. The English word ''novella'' derives from the Italian ''novella'' meaning a short story related to true (or apparently so) facts. Definition The Italian term is a feminine of ''novello'', which means ''new'', similarly to the English word ''news''. Merriam-Webster defines a novella as "a work of fiction intermediate in length and complexity between a short story and a novel". No official definition exists regarding the number of pages or words necessary for a story to be considered a novella, a short story or a novel. The Science Fiction and Fantasy Writers Association defines a novella's word count to be between 17,500 and 40,000 words. History The novella as a literary genre began developing in the Italian literature of the early Renaissance, principally Giovanni Boccaccio, author of ''The Decameron'' (1353). ''The Decameron'' featured 100 tales (named nov ...
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Satire
Satire is a genre of the visual, literary, and performing arts, usually in the form of fiction and less frequently non-fiction, in which vices, follies, abuses, and shortcomings are held up to ridicule, often with the intent of shaming or exposing the perceived flaws of individuals, corporations, government, or society itself into improvement. Although satire is usually meant to be humorous, its greater purpose is often constructive social criticism, using wit to draw attention to both particular and wider issues in society. A feature of satire is strong irony or sarcasm —"in satire, irony is militant", according to literary critic Northrop Frye— but parody, burlesque, exaggeration, juxtaposition, comparison, analogy, and double entendre are all frequently used in satirical speech and writing. This "militant" irony or sarcasm often professes to approve of (or at least accept as natural) the very things the satirist wishes to question. Satire is found in many a ...
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Surrealism
Surrealism is a cultural movement that developed in Europe in the aftermath of World War I in which artists depicted unnerving, illogical scenes and developed techniques to allow the unconscious mind to express itself. Its aim was, according to leader André Breton, to "resolve the previously contradictory conditions of dream and reality into an absolute reality, a super-reality", or ''surreality.'' It produced works of painting, writing, theatre, filmmaking, photography, and other media. Works of Surrealism feature the element of surprise, unexpected juxtapositions and '' non sequitur''. However, many Surrealist artists and writers regard their work as an expression of the philosophical movement first and foremost (for instance, of the "pure psychic automatism" Breton speaks of in the first Surrealist Manifesto), with the works themselves being secondary, i.e. artifacts of surrealist experimentation. Leader Breton was explicit in his assertion that Surrealism was, above all, a ...
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