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GEOMS – Generic Earth Observation Metadata Standard
GEOMS – Generic Earth Observation Metadata Standard Retscher, C., De Mazière, M., Meijer, Y., Vik, A.F., Boyd, I., Niemeijer, S., Koopman, R.M., Bojkov, B., The Generic Earth Observation Metadata Standard (GEOMS), 2011(PDF document)/ref> is a metadata standard used for archiving data from groundbased networks, like the Network for the Detection of Atmospheric Composition Change (NDACC), and for using this kind of data for the validation of NASA and ESA satellite data. Introduction The Generic Earth Observation Metadata Standard (GEOMS)http://avdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/GEOMS outlines the metadata and data structure requirements developed to facilitate the use of geophysical datasets by improving their portability and accessibility, and by making their contents self-describing. This approach was originally selected to deal with atmospheric and oceanographic datasets, but has been recently expanded to support all measurements from Earth observation instruments. The definitions have b ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Martine De Mazière
Martine De Mazière (born 1960) is a Belgian atmospheric scientist known for her work in atmospheric satellite observations. She is director general ad interim of the Belgian Institute for Space Aeronomy. Asteroid 9641 Demazière was named after De Mazière in 1999. She was elected to the Royal Flemish Academy of Belgium for Science and the Arts The Royal Flemish Academy of Belgium for Science and the Arts ( nl, Koninklijke Vlaamse Academie van België voor Wetenschappen en Kunsten, or KVAB) is one of an independent learned society of science and arts of the Flemish Community in Belgium. ... in 2011. References 1960 births Living people Belgian meteorologists Belgian women scientists Atmospheric scientists Women atmospheric scientists {{Belgium-scientist-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
SCIAMACHY
SCIAMACHY (SCanning Imaging Absorption SpectroMeter for Atmospheric CHartographY; Greek: σκιάμάχη: analogously: "Fighting shadows") was one of ten instruments aboard of ESA's ENVIronmental SATellite, ENVISAT. It was a satellite spectrometer designed to measure sunlight, transmitted, reflected and scattered by the earth's atmosphere or surface in the ultraviolet, visible and near infrared wavelength region (240 nm - 2380 nm) at moderate spectral resolution (0.2 nm - 1.5 nm). SCIAMACHY was built by Netherlands and Germany at TNO/TPD, SRON and Dutch Space. Launch and termination SCIAMACHY, aboard the ENVISAT satellite, was launched by ESA (European Space Agency) from Kourou, French Guiana, in March 2002. ENVISAT's mission was ended in May 2012, after loss of contact one month earlier. Operation The absorption, reflection and scattering characteristics of the atmosphere were determined by measuring the extraterrestrial solar irradiance and the upwellin ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
National Center For Supercomputing Applications
The National Center for Supercomputing Applications (NCSA) is a state-federal partnership to develop and deploy national-scale computer infrastructure that advances research, science and engineering based in the United States. NCSA operates as a unit of the University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, and provides high-performance computing resources to researchers across the country. Support for NCSA comes from the National Science Foundation, the state of Illinois, the University of Illinois, business and industry partners, and other federal agencies. NCSA provides leading-edge computing, data storage, and visualization resources. NCSA computational and data environment implements a multi-architecture hardware strategy, deploying both clusters and shared memory systems to support high-end users and communities on the architectures best-suited to their requirements. Nearly 1,360 scientists, engineers and students used the computing and data systems at NCSA to support research in ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Hierarchical Data Format
Hierarchical Data Format (HDF) is a set of file formats (HDF4, HDF5) designed to store and organize large amounts of data. Originally developed at the U.S. National Center for Supercomputing Applications, it is supported by The HDF Group, a non-profit corporation whose mission is to ensure continued development of HDF5 technologies and the continued accessibility of data stored in HDF. In keeping with this goal, the HDF libraries and associated tools are available under a liberal, BSD-like license for general use. HDF is supported by many commercial and non-commercial software platforms and programming languages. The freely available HDF distribution consists of the library, command-line utilities, test suite source, Java interface, and the Java-based HDF Viewer (HDFView). The current version, HDF5, differs significantly in design and API from the major legacy version HDF4. Early history The quest for a portable scientific data format, originally dubbed AEHOO (All Encompassing ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Radio Occultation
Radio occultation (RO) is a remote sensing technique used for measuring the physical properties of a planetary atmosphere or ring system. Atmospheric radio occultation Atmospheric radio occultation relies on the detection of a change in a radio signal as it passes through a planet's atmosphere, i.e. as it is occulted by the atmosphere. When electromagnetic radiation passes through the atmosphere, it is refracted (or bent). The magnitude of the refraction depends on the gradient of refractivity normal to the path, which in turn depends on the density gradient. The effect is most pronounced when the radiation traverses a long atmospheric limb path. At radio frequencies the amount of bending cannot be measured directly; instead the bending can be calculated using the Doppler shift of the signal given the geometry of the emitter and receiver. The amount of bending can be related to the refractive index by using an Abel transform on the formula relating bending angle to refractivity. ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Microwave Radiometer
A microwave radiometer (MWR) is a radiometer that measures energy emitted at one millimeter-to-metre wavelengths (frequencies of 0.3–300 GHz) known as microwaves. Microwave radiometers are very sensitive receivers designed to measure thermally-emitted electromagnetic radiation. They are usually equipped with multiple receiving channels to derive the characteristic emission spectrum of planetary atmospheres, surfaces or extraterrestrial objects. Microwave radiometers are utilized in a variety of environmental and engineering applications, including remote sensing, weather forecasting, climate monitoring, radio astronomy and radio propagation studies. Using the microwave spectral range between 1 and 300 GHz provides complementary information to the visible and infrared spectral range. Most importantly, the atmosphere and also vegetation is semi-transparent in the microwave spectral range. This means its components like dry gases, water vapor, or Precipitation#Hydrometeor defi ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
LIDAR
Lidar (, also LIDAR, or LiDAR; sometimes LADAR) is a method for determining ranges (variable distance) by targeting an object or a surface with a laser and measuring the time for the reflected light to return to the receiver. It can also be used to make digital 3-D representations of areas on the Earth's surface and ocean bottom of the intertidal and near coastal zone by varying the wavelength of light. It has terrestrial, airborne, and mobile applications. ''Lidar'' is an acronym of "light detection and ranging" or "laser imaging, detection, and ranging". It is sometimes called 3-D laser scanning, a special combination of 3-D scanning and laser scanning. Lidar is commonly used to make high-resolution maps, with applications in surveying, geodesy, geomatics, archaeology, geography, geology, geomorphology, seismology, forestry, atmospheric physics, laser guidance, airborne laser swath mapping (ALSM), and laser altimetry. It is also used in control and navigation for som ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Tropospheric Emission Spectrometer
Tropospheric Emission Spectrometer or TES was a satellite instrument designed to measure the state of the earth's troposphere. Overview TES was a high-resolution infrared Fourier Transform spectrometer and provided key data for studying tropospheric chemistry, troposphere-biosphere interaction, and troposphere- stratosphere exchanges. It was built for NASA by the Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology in Pasadena, California. It was successfully launched into polar orbit by a Delta II 7920-10L rocket aboard NASA's third Earth Observing System The Earth Observing System (EOS) is a program of NASA comprising a series of artificial satellite missions and scientific instruments in Earth orbit designed for long-term global observations of the land surface, biosphere, atmosphere, and oceans ...s spacecraft ( EOS-Aura) at 10:02 UTC on July 15, 2004. Originally planned as a 5-year mission, it was decommissioned after almost 14 years on January 31, 2018. Reference ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Microwave Limb Sounder
The microwave limb sounder (MLS) experiments measure (naturally occurring) microwave thermal emission from the limb (edge) of Earth's upper atmosphere. The data is used to create vertical profiles of atmospheric gases, temperature, pressure, and cloud ice. History * 12 September 1991 – NASA launches Upper Atmosphere Research Satellite (UARS) STS-48 mission, largely in response to threat of chlorofluorocarbons to ozone layer. * 15 July 2004 – NASA launches Earth Observing System (EOS) Aura mission with overall scientific objectives of determining whether global stratospheric ozone is recovering, measuring composition effects on climate variability, and studying pollution in the upper troposphere. See also * Remote sensing * Jet Propulsion Laboratory The Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL) is a federally funded research and development center and NASA field center in the City of La Cañada Flintridge, California, United States. Founded in the 1930s by Caltech researchers, JP ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
