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G. E. P. Box
George Edward Pelham Box (18 October 1919 – 28 March 2013) was a British statistician, who worked in the areas of quality control, time-series analysis, design of experiments, and Bayesian inference. He has been called "one of the great statistical minds of the 20th century". Education and early life He was born in Gravesend, Kent, England. Upon entering university he began to study chemistry, but was called up for service before finishing. During World War II, he performed experiments for the British Army exposing small animals to poison gas. To analyze the results of his experiments, he taught himself statistics from available texts. After the war, he enrolled at University College London and obtained a bachelor's degree in mathematics and statistics. He received a PhD from the University of London in 1953, under the supervision of Egon Pearson. Career and research From 1948 to 1956, Box worked as a statistician for Imperial Chemical Industries (ICI). While at ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Gravesend, Kent
Gravesend is a town in northwest Kent, England, situated 21 miles (35 km) east-southeast of Charing Cross (central London) on the south bank of the River Thames and opposite Tilbury in Essex. Located in the diocese of Rochester, it is the administrative centre of the Borough of Gravesham. Its geographical situation has given Gravesend strategic importance throughout the maritime and communications history of South East England. A Thames Gateway commuter town, it retains strong links with the River Thames, not least through the Port of London Authority Pilot Station and has witnessed rejuvenation since the advent of High Speed 1 rail services via Gravesend railway station. The station was recently refurbished and now has a new bridge. Toponymy Recorded as Gravesham in the Domesday Book of 1086 when it belonged to Odo, Earl of Kent and Bishop of Bayeux, the half-brother of William the Conqueror, its name probably derives from ''graaf-ham'': the home of the reeve or ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
EVOP
Evolutionary Operation (EVOP) is a manufacturing process-optimization technique developed in the 1950s by George E. P. Box. In EVOP experimental designs and improvements are introduced, while an ongoing full-scale manufacturing process continues to produce satisfactory results. The idea is that process improvement should not interrupt production. EVOP is a process or technique of systematic experimentation. Evolutionary Operation (EVOP) is based on the understanding that every production lot has the ability to contribute valuable information on the effect of process variables on a particular product characteristic or feature. Typical methods used involve structured designs of experiments (DOE) which may result in interrupting production flow to conduct the trials or experiments. EVOP, on the other hand, is intended to introduce small changes in the process variables during normal production flow. These changes are not large enough to result in non-conforming product, but are signi ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Wilks Memorial Award
The Wilks Memorial Award is awarded by the American Statistical Association to recognize outstanding contributions to statistics. It was established in 1964 and is awarded yearly. It is named in memory of the statistician Samuel S. Wilks. The award consists of a medal, a citation and a cash honorarium of US$1500 (as of 2008). Recipients *1964 Frank E. Grubbs *1965 John W. Tukey *1966 Leslie E. Simon *1967 William G. Cochran *1968 Jerzy Neyman *1969 W. J. Youden *1970 George W. Snedecor *1971 Harold F. Dodge *1972 George E.P. Box *1973 Herman Otto Hartley *1974 Cuthbert Daniel *1975 Herbert Solomon *1976 Solomon Kullback *1977 Churchill Eisenhart *1978 William Kruskal *1979 Alexander M. Mood *1980 W. Allen Wallis *1981 Holbrook Working *1982 Frank Proschan *1983 W. Edwards Deming *1984 Z. W. Birnbaum *1985 Leo A. Goodman *1986 Frederick Mosteller *1987 Herman Chernoff *1988 Theodore W. Anderson *1989 C. R. Rao *1990 Bradley Efron *1991 Ingram Olkin *1992 Wilfrid D ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Shewhart Medal
The Shewhart Medal, named in honour of Walter A. Shewhart, is awarded annually by the American Society for Quality for ''...outstanding technical leadership in the field of modern quality control, especially through the development to its theory, principles, and techniques.'' The first medal was awarded in 1948. See also * List of mathematics awards * Wilks Memorial Award References {{reflist External linksOfficial website Awards established in 1948 Statistical awards ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ronald Fisher
Sir Ronald Aylmer Fisher (17 February 1890 – 29 July 1962) was a British polymath who was active as a mathematician, statistician, biologist, geneticist, and academic. For his work in statistics, he has been described as "a genius who almost single-handedly created the foundations for modern statistical science" and "the single most important figure in 20th century statistics". In genetics, his work used mathematics to combine Mendelian genetics and natural selection; this contributed to the revival of Darwinism in the early 20th-century revision of the theory of evolution known as the modern synthesis. For his contributions to biology, Fisher has been called "the greatest of Darwin’s successors". Fisher held strong views on race and eugenics, insisting on racial differences. Although he was clearly a eugenist and advocated for the legalization of voluntary sterilization of those with heritable mental disabilities, there is some debate as to whether Fisher supported sc ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ljung–Box Test
The Ljung–Box test (named for Greta M. Ljung and George E. P. Box) is a type of statistical test of whether any of a group of autocorrelations of a time series are different from zero. Instead of testing randomness at each distinct lag, it tests the "overall" randomness based on a number of lags, and is therefore a portmanteau test. This test is sometimes known as the Ljung–Box Q test, and it is closely connected to the Box–Pierce test (which is named after George E. P. Box and David A. Pierce). In fact, the Ljung–Box test statistic was described explicitly in the paper that led to the use of the Box–Pierce statistic, and from which that statistic takes its name. The Box–Pierce test statistic is a simplified version of the Ljung–Box statistic for which subsequent simulation studies have shown poor performance. The Ljung–Box test is widely applied in econometrics and other applications of time series analysis. A similar assessment can be also carried out with the ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Box's M Test
Box's ''M'' test is a multivariate statistical test used to check the equality of multiple variance-covariance matrices. The test is commonly used to test the assumption of homogeneity of variances and covariances in MANOVA and linear discriminant analysis. It is named after George E. P. Box, who first discussed the test in 1949. The test uses a chi-squared approximation. Box's ''M'' test is susceptible to errors if the data does not meet model assumptions or if the sample size is too large or small. Box's ''M'' test is especially prone to error if the data does not meet the assumption of multivariate normality. See also * Bartlett's test * Levene's test In statistics, Levene's test is an inferential statistic used to assess the equality of variances for a variable calculated for two or more groups. Some common statistical procedures assume that variances of the populations from which different sam ... References Multivariate statistics Statistical hypothesis testing ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Box–Muller Transform
The Box–Muller transform, by George Edward Pelham Box and Mervin Edgar Muller, is a random number sampling method for generating pairs of independent, standard, normally distributed (zero expectation, unit variance) random numbers, given a source of uniformly distributed random numbers. The method was in fact first mentioned explicitly by Raymond E. A. C. Paley and Norbert Wiener in 1934. The Box–Muller transform is commonly expressed in two forms. The basic form as given by Box and Muller takes two samples from the uniform distribution on the interval , 1/nowiki> and maps them to two standard, normally distributed samples. The polar form takes two samples from a different interval, ˆ’1, +1 and maps them to two normally distributed samples without the use of sine or cosine functions. The Box–Muller transform was developed as a more computationally efficient alternative to the inverse transform sampling method. The ziggurat algorithm gives a more efficient ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Box–Cox Distribution
In statistics, the Box–Cox distribution (also known as the power-normal distribution) is the distribution of a random variable ''X'' for which the Box–Cox transformation on ''X'' follows a truncated normal distribution. It is a continuous probability distribution having probability density function (pdf) given by : f(y) = \frac \exp\left\ for ''y'' > 0, where ''m'' is the location parameter of the distribution, ''s'' is the dispersion, ''ƒ'' is the family parameter, ''I'' is the indicator function, Φ is the cumulative distribution function of the standard normal distribution, and sgn is the sign function. Special cases * ''ƒ'' = 1 gives a truncated normal distribution In probability and statistics, the truncated normal distribution is the probability distribution derived from that of a normally distributed random variable by bounding the random variable from either below or above (or both). The truncated no .... References * Continuous distr ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Box–Behnken Design
In statistics, Box–Behnken designs are experimental designs for response surface methodology, devised by George E. P. Box and Donald Behnken in 1960, to achieve the following goals: * Each factor, or independent variable, is placed at one of three equally spaced values, usually coded as −1, 0, +1. (At least three levels are needed for the following goal.) * The design should be sufficient to fit a quadratic model, that is, one containing squared terms, products of two factors, linear terms and an intercept. * The ratio of the number of experimental points to the number of coefficients in the quadratic model should be reasonable (in fact, their designs kept in the range of 1.5 to 2.6). * The efficiency (statistics), estimation variance should more or less depend only on the distance from the centre (this is achieved exactly for the designs with 4 and 7 factors), and should not vary too much inside the smallest (hyper)cube containing the experimental points. (See "rotatability" i ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Box–Cox Transformation
In statistics, a power transform is a family of functions applied to create a monotonic transformation of data using power functions. It is a data transformation technique used to stabilize variance, make the data more normal distribution-like, improve the validity of measures of association (such as the Pearson correlation between variables), and for other data stabilization procedures. Power transforms are used in multiple fields, including multi-resolution and wavelet analysis, statistical data analysis, medical research, modeling of physical processes, geochemical data analysis, epidemiology and many other clinical, environmental and social research areas. Definition The power transformation is defined as a continuously varying function, with respect to the power parameter ''λ'', in a piece-wise function form that makes it continuous at the point of singularity (''λ'' = 0). For data vectors (''y''1,..., ''y''''n'') in which each ''y''''i'' > 0, th ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
