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Fyfield, Oxfordshire
Fyfield is a village in Fyfield and Tubney civil parish, about west of Abingdon. It was part of Berkshire until the 1974 boundary changes transferred it to Oxfordshire. The village used to be on the main A420 road between Oxford and Faringdon, but a bypass now carries the main road just south of the village. Toponym Fyfield's toponym is derived from the Old English ''Fif Hide'' (10th century). It was spelt ''Fifhide'' from the 10th to the 16th century, but also ''Fivehide'' in the 11th century, ''Fifide'' from the 13th to the 15th century, ''Fifhede'' in the 15th century and ''Fighfield'' or ''Fyfylde'' in the 16th century. Manor There has been a manor of Fyfield since at least the 10th century. The Chronicle of Abingdon claims that in 956 King Eadwig granted his thegn Æthelnoth 13 manses of land there. In 968 King Edgar confirmed these 11 hides of land plus another 12 hides to the Benedictine Abingdon Abbey. After the Norman Conquest the manor was granted to Henry ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Fifield, Oxfordshire
Fifield is a village and civil parish about north of Burford in Oxfordshire. The western boundary of the parish forms part of the county boundary with Gloucestershire. The 2011 Census recorded the parish's population as 240. Archaeology In the parish nearly west of the village is a Neolithic long barrow dating from between 3400 and 2400 BC. It is long, up to wide and up to high. It had a stone-lined passage about long, starting at its northeast end and ending in a small burial chamber. The barrow was partly excavated in 1934. It is a scheduled monument. History The toponym is probably derived from its Old English name of ''Fifhides''. The Domesday book of 1086 records Fifield: ''"Henry de Ferrers holds Fifield There are five hides. Land for seven ploughs. Now in demesne 2 ploughs and 4 slaves and 9 villans with 4 bordars have 5 ploughs. There are 24 acres of meadow. Pasture one league in length and one breadth. It was and is worth 100 shillings."'' Parish church The ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Faringdon
Faringdon is a historic market town in the Vale of White Horse, Oxfordshire, England, south-west of Oxford, north-west of Wantage and east-north-east of Swindon. It extends to the River Thames in the north; the highest ground is on the Ridgeway in the south. Faringdon was Berkshire's westernmost town until the 1974 boundary changes transferred its administration to Oxfordshire. The civil parish is formally known as ''Great Faringdon'', to distinguish it from Little Faringdon in West Oxfordshire. The 2011 Census gave a population of 7,121; it was estimated at 7,992 in 2019. On 1 February 2004, Faringdon became the first place in south-east England to be awarded Fairtrade Town status. History The toponym "Faringdon" means "hill covered in fern". Claims, for example by P. J. Goodrich, that King Edward the Elder (reigned 899–924) died in Faringdon are unfounded. The town was granted a weekly market in 1218, and as a result came to be called Chipping Faringdon. A weekly ou ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
John Golafre
John Golafre (died 1442) was an English courtier and Member of Parliament. He was born the only son of Thomas Golafre of Radley Manor in Berkshire (now Oxfordshire). An uncle was Sir John Brocas, Master of the King's Horse. A cousin, Sir John Golafre, was a close friend of the king. By 1395 he had secured a position at the court of Richard II. In 1396 he inherited the extensive estates of his uncle, another Sir John Golafre. The older Sir John was the Constable of Wallingford Castle and had married Philippa, daughter of Lord Mohun, but died without issue. He is buried in Westminster Abbey. In 1397 he was appointed Sheriff of Oxfordshire and Berkshire. He was also that year elected as a Knight of the Shire (MP) for Oxfordshire. In 1399 he was briefly imprisoned by Henry IV for his support of King Richard but in 1404 was reappointed sheriff. He was afterwards appointed sheriff for 1414 and 1424. During much of this period he also served as a Justice of the Peace (JP) for Ox ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Henry De Ferrers
Henry de Ferrers (died by 1100), magnate and administrator, was a Norman who after the 1066 Norman conquest was awarded extensive lands in England. Origins He was the eldest son of Vauquelin de Ferrers and in about 1040 inherited his father's lands centred on the village of Ferrières-Saint-Hilaire. Career In England he progressively acquired landholdings, which he had to manage. As one of the leading magnates, he also served King William I of England and his successor William II in administrative capacities and is said to have been castellan of Stafford Castle. In about 1080, he and his wife founded Tutbury Priory in Staffordshire, and in 1086 he was one of the royal commissioners in charge of the Domesday survey, which records his 210 manors.''Domesday Book: A Complete Translation''. London: Penguin, 2003. p. 656-7 744-9 He died between September 1093 and September 1100 and was buried in Tutbury Priory. Landholdings His first three tranches of land came to him from dispo ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Norman Conquest
The Norman Conquest (or the Conquest) was the 11th-century invasion and occupation of England by an army made up of thousands of Norman, Breton, Flemish, and French troops, all led by the Duke of Normandy, later styled William the Conqueror. William's claim to the English throne derived from his familial relationship with the childless Anglo-Saxon king Edward the Confessor, who may have encouraged William's hopes for the throne. Edward died in January 1066 and was succeeded by his brother-in-law Harold Godwinson. The Norwegian king Harald Hardrada invaded northern England in September 1066 and was victorious at the Battle of Fulford on 20 September, but Godwinson's army defeated and killed Hardrada at the Battle of Stamford Bridge on 25 September. Three days later on 28 September, William's invasion force of thousands of men and hundreds of ships landed at Pevensey in Sussex in southern England. Harold marched south to oppose him, leaving a significant portion of his ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Abingdon Abbey
Abingdon Abbey ( '' " St Mary's Abbey " '' ) was a Benedictine monastery located in the centre of Abingdon-on-Thames beside the River Thames. The abbey was founded c.675 AD in honour of The Virgin Mary. The Domesday Book of 1086 informs us that the abbey was a wealthy and powerful landowner : * There is nothing to see today of the abbey church. The existing buildings include : * Checker Hall ( Unicorn Theatre ). * The Checker. * The Long Gallery. * The Lower Hall. * Thames Street, the Mill and the Mill stream. Extant buildings There is nothing to see today of the abbey church. Apparent ruins in the Abbey Gardens are Trendell's Folly, built in the nineteenth century. Some of the stones may come from St Helen's Church. Associated monastic buildings do, however, survive, including the Abbey Exchequer, the timber-framed Long Gallery, the Abbey bakehouse, (all in the care of the Friends of Abingdon Civic Society) the Abbey gateway, St John's hospitium ( pilg ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Order Of Saint Benedict
The Benedictines, officially the Order of Saint Benedict ( la, Ordo Sancti Benedicti, abbreviated as OSB), are a Christian monasticism, monastic Religious order (Catholic), religious order of the Catholic Church following the Rule of Saint Benedict. They are also sometimes called the Black Monks, in reference to the colour of their religious habits. They were founded by Benedict of Nursia, a 6th-century monk who laid the foundations of Benedictine monasticism through the formulation of his Rule of Saint Benedict. Despite being called an order, the Benedictines do not operate under a single hierarchy but are instead organised as a collection of autonomous monasteries. The order is represented internationally by the Benedictine Confederation, an organisation set up in 1893 to represent the order's shared interests. They do not have a superior general or motherhouse with universal jurisdiction, but elect an Abbot Primate to represent themselves to the Holy See, Vatican and to the worl ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Hide (unit)
The hide was an English unit of land measurement originally intended to represent the amount of land sufficient to support a household. It was traditionally taken to be , but was in fact a measure of value and tax assessment, including obligations for food-rent ('), maintenance and repair of bridges and fortifications, manpower for the army ('), and (eventually) the ' land tax. The hide's method of calculation is now obscure: different properties with the same hidage could vary greatly in extent even in the same county. Following the Norman Conquest of England, the hidage assessments were recorded in the Domesday Book of 1086, and there was a tendency for land producing £1 of income per year to be assessed at 1 hide. The Norman kings continued to use the unit for their tax assessments until the end of the 12th century. The hide was divided into 4 yardlands or virgates. It was hence nominally equivalent in area to a carucate, a unit used in the Danelaw. Original meaning The An ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Edgar The Peaceful
Edgar ( ang, Ēadgār ; 8 July 975), known as the Peaceful or the Peaceable, was King of the English from 959 until his death in 975. The younger son of King Edmund I and Ælfgifu of Shaftesbury, he came to the throne as a teenager following the death of his older brother, King Eadwig. As king, Edgar further consolidated the political unity achieved by his predecessors, with his reign being noted for its relative stability. His most trusted advisor was Dunstan, whom he recalled from exile and made Archbishop of Canterbury. The pinnacle of Edgar's reign was his coronation at Bath, Somerset, Bath in 973, which was organised by Dunstan and forms the basis for Coronation of the British monarch, the current coronation ceremony. After his death he was succeeded by his son Edward the Martyr, Edward, although the succession was disputed. Early years and accession Edgar was the son of Edmund I and Ælfgifu of Shaftesbury. Upon the death of King Edmund in 946, Edgar's uncle, Eadred, rul ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Thegn
In Anglo-Saxon England, thegns were aristocratic landowners of the second rank, below the ealdormen who governed large areas of England. The term was also used in early medieval Scandinavia for a class of retainers. In medieval Scotland, there were local officials known as thanes. Etymology The Old English (, "man, attendant, retainer") is cognate with Old High German and Old Norse ("thane, franklin, freeman, man"). The thegn had a military significance, and its usual Latin translation was , meaning soldier, although was often used. ''An Anglo-Saxon Dictionary'' describes a thegn as "one engaged in a king's or a queen's service, whether in the household or in the country". It adds: "the word ... seems gradually to acquire a technical meaning, ... denoting a class, containing several degrees", but what remained consistent throughout was its association with military service. Origins The precursor of thegn was the ''gesith'', the companion of the king or great lord, ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Eadwig
Eadwig (also Edwy or Eadwig All-Fair, 1 October 959) was King of England from 23 November 955 until his death in 959. He was the elder son of Edmund I and his first wife Ælfgifu, who died in 944. Eadwig and his brother Edgar were young children when their father was killed trying to rescue his seneschal from attack by an outlawed thief on 26 May 946. As Edmund's sons were too young to rule he was succeeded by his brother Eadred, who suffered from ill health and died unmarried in his early 30s. Eadwig became king in 955 aged about fifteen and was no more than twenty when he died in 959. He clashed at the beginning of his reign with Dunstan, the powerful Abbot of Glastonbury and future Archbishop of Canterbury, and exiled him to Flanders. He later came to be seen as an enemy of monasteries, but most historians think that this reputation is unfair. In 956 he issued more than sixty charters transferring land, a yearly total unmatched by any other European king before the tw ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Historia Ecclesie Abbendonensis
The ''Historia Ecclesie Abbendonensis'' or ''History of the Church of Abingdon'' (sometimes known by its older printed title of ''Chronicon Monasterii de Abingdon'' or occasionally as the ''Abingdon Chronicle'') was a medieval chronicle written at Abingdon Abbey in England in the 12th century. The Abbey was historically in the county of Berkshire, but since 1974 has been in the county of Oxfordshire. Background The ''Historia'' is one of a number of monastic histories written during the middle and later parts of the 12th century, when a number of monasteries produced works devoted to recording the histories of their monasteries and local areas. In the south, these included the ''Liber Eliensis'' of Ely Abbey, the ''Chronicon Abbatiae Rameseiensis'' of Ramsey Abbey, the '' Chronicon Angliae Petriburgense'' of Peterborough Abbey, a history of the see of Bath and Wells, and the ''Chronicon Monasterii de Bello'' of Battle Abbey. The northern histories produced foundation stories ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
