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French Ship Robuste (1758)
''Robuste'' was an 74-gun ship of the line of the French Navy, built by Antoine Groignard. Career Initially intended as a 64-gun ship, ''Robuste'' was built in the Lorient shipyard of the French East India Company. She was launched on 2 September 1758, and admitted to active service in April 1759. On 18 November 1759, she collided with frigate ''Hébé''. In June 1777, she was under Lamotte-Picquet, and received the visit of Emperor Joseph II. On 14 February 1778, ''Robuste'' fired a nine-gun salute for USS ''Ranger'', marking the first time a foreign warship recognised the US flag. ''Robuste'' took part in the campaign in 1779 and 1780 as De Grasse's flagship. She was notably at the Battle of Grenada. In 1780, she was under Chateauvert. In July 1782, under Nieuil, she was part of the Franco-Spanish fleet under Córdova. She took part in the Battle of Cape Spartel The Battle of Cape Spartel was an indecisive naval battle between a Franco-Spanish fleet under Ad ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Edward Moran
Edward Moran (August 19, 1829June 8, 1901) was an English-born American artist of maritime paintings. He is arguably most famous for his series of 13 historical paintings of United States marine history. Early life Moran was born to Thomas and Mary Higson of Lancashire, England on August 19, 1829. Following in the footsteps of his father's profession, he learned to operate a hand-loom at a young age, though he would often be found sketching with charcoal on the white fabric instead of plying the shuttle.Sutro, T. (1905)Thirteen chapters of American history: Represented by the Edward Moran series of thirteen historical marine paintings New York?. His family first emigrated to Maryland in 1844, and then to Philadelphia a year later. Though Moran loved to regale others with a tale of walking alone from Baltimore to Philadelphia in order to find a better future for himself, his niece has declared that the entire family moved to the city together. [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Joseph II, Holy Roman Emperor
Joseph II (German: Josef Benedikt Anton Michael Adam; English: ''Joseph Benedict Anthony Michael Adam''; 13 March 1741 – 20 February 1790) was Holy Roman Emperor from August 1765 and sole ruler of the Habsburg lands from November 29, 1780 until his death. He was the eldest son of Empress Maria Theresa and her husband, Emperor Francis I, and the brother of Marie Antoinette, Maria Carolina of Austria and Maria Amalia, Duchess of Parma. He was thus the first ruler in the Austrian dominions of the union of the Houses of Habsburg and Lorraine, styled Habsburg-Lorraine. Joseph was a proponent of enlightened absolutism; however, his commitment to secularizing, liberalizing and modernizing reforms resulted in significant opposition, which resulted in failure to fully implement his programs. Meanwhile, despite making some territorial gains, his reckless foreign policy badly isolated Austria. He has been ranked with Catherine the Great of Russia and Frederick the Great of Pruss ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ships Of The Line Of The French Navy
A ship is a large watercraft that travels the world's oceans and other sufficiently deep waterways, carrying cargo or passengers, or in support of specialized missions, such as defense, research, and fishing. Ships are generally distinguished from boats, based on size, shape, load capacity, and purpose. Ships have supported exploration, trade, warfare, migration, colonization, and science. After the 15th century, new crops that had come from and to the Americas via the European seafarers significantly contributed to world population growth. Ship transport is responsible for the largest portion of world commerce. The word ''ship'' has meant, depending on the era and the context, either just a large vessel or specifically a ship-rigged sailing ship with three or more masts, each of which is square-rigged. As of 2016, there were more than 49,000 merchant ships, totaling almost 1.8 billion dead weight tons. Of these 28% were oil tankers, 43% were bulk carriers, and 13% were co ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Jean-Georges Du Croiset De Retz
Gaspard de Ligondès was a French Navy officer. He served in the War of American Independence. Biography Retz was born to a family from Auvergne. He joined the Navy as a Garde-Marine in 1741. He was promoted to Lieutenant in 1756, to Commander in 1767, to Captain in 1772. In 1779, Retz captained the 64-gun ''Vengeur'', part of the division under De Grasse sent to D'Estaing as reinforcement. Retz was wounded at the Battle of Grenada on 6 July 1779, and took part in the Siege of Savannah in September and October 1779. He also fought in the Battle of Martinique on 17 April 1780, where ''Vengeur'', along with ''Destin'' and ''Saint Michel'', directly engaged the much stronger ''Sandwich'', under Rodney, HMS ''Cornwall'' and HMS ''Suffolk''. In 1781, Retz captained the 74-gun ''Zodiaque'' in Brest. In 1782, he transferred to ''Robuste''. The same year, he was promoted to Brigadier. Retz retired from the Navy with the rank of Chef d'Escadre ''Chef d'escadre'' (; ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Battle Of Cape Spartel
The Battle of Cape Spartel was an indecisive naval battle between a Franco-Spanish fleet under Admiral Luis de Córdova y Córdova and a British fleet under Admiral Richard Howe. These forces met on 20 October 1782 after Howe successfully resupplied Gibraltar, then under siege by Bourbon forces during the American Revolutionary War. Background When Spain entered the American War of Independence in 1779, one of its principal objectives was the capture of Gibraltar from Great Britain. Shortly after war was declared, forces of Spain and France began the Great Siege of Gibraltar, blockading land access to the peninsula and enacting a somewhat porous naval blockade. Britain successfully resupplied Gibraltar in both 1780 and 1781, and recognized the need to do so again in 1782. The matter was seen as a critical by British political and military leaders, because Spain was seeking cession of the territory in peace talks. The British Channel Fleet, which was under the command of A ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Luis De Córdova Y Córdova
Admiral Luis de Córdova y Córdova (8 February 1706 – 29 July 1796) was a Spanish admiral. He is best known for his command of the Spanish fleet during the Anglo-Spanish War. His best remembered actions were the capture of two merchant convoys totalling 79 ships between 1780 and 1782, including the capture of 55 ships from a convoy composed of Indiamen, and other cargo ships 60 leagues off Cape St. Vincent.Harbron, John: ''Trafalgar and the Spanish Navy.'' Conway Maritime Press, 1988, page 84. In 1782 he battled the Royal Navy to a stalemate at the Battle of Cape Spartel, but failed to prevent the British relieving the Great Siege of Gibraltar. Early life Córdova was born in Seville to don Juan de Córdova Lasso de la Vega y Puente, a mariner, navy captain, and knight of the Order of Calatrava, and doña Clemencia Fernández de Córdova Lasso de la Vega Veintimiglia, daughter of the Marquis of Vado del Maestre and first-cousin of her husband. He was baptised at S ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Armand-Claude Poute De Nieuil
Armand-Claude Poute de Nieuil (22 July 1731 — Poitier, 19 April 1806) was a French Navy officer. He served during the War of American Independence. Biography Nieuil was born to Anne Louis de la Rochefoucauld and to Jean-Baptiste Poute de Nieuil. Nieuil joined the Navy as a Garde-Marine on 22 January 1746. He was promoted to Ensign in 1751, to Lieutenant in 1757, and to Captain in 1772. In 1776, he captained the 36-gun frigate ''Terpsichore'', at Rochefort, in the squadron under Du Chaffault. In 1788, the commanded the 70-gun ''Dauphin Royal'', lead ship of the Second Division in the White-and-Blue squadron of the fleet under Orvilliers. He took part in the Battle of Ushant on 27 July 1778, earning Orvilliers' commendation. In 1779, he transferred to 74-gun ''Citoyen'', lead ship in the White-and-Blue squadron of Orvilliers' fleet. He kept her in 1780 under Guichen, and captained her at the Battle of Martinique on 17 April 1780. In 1782, Nieuil commanded the 7 ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Louis-André Beaussier De Chateauvert
Louis-André Beaussier de Chateauvert (Toulon, 8 January 1725 — Paris, 21 May 1789) was a French Navy officer. He notably served during the War of American Independence. Biography Chateauvert was born to Thérèse-Marie Giraudy de Piosin-Montauban and Chef d'Escadre André Beaussier de Châteauvert. His brother, Pierre André Beaussier de Montauban, uncle Louis-Joseph de Beaussier de l'Isle, and his grandfather were also Navy officers. He joined the Navy as a Garde-Marine on 1 January 1741. He was promoted to Lieutenant on 11 February 1756, and to Commander on a October 1764. Chateauvert was promoted to Captain on 15 November 1771. In 1778, Chateauvert captained the 74-gun ''Intrépide'', part of the Blue squadron under Orléans and Lamotte-Picquet. He took part in the Battle of Ushant on 27 July 1778. In 1779, Chateauvert commanded ''Intrépide'' in the Blue-with-white-cross squadron of the Armada of 1779. In 1780 and 1781, Chateauvert was given command, in tu ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Battle Of Grenada
The Battle of Grenada took place on 6 July 1779 during the American Revolutionary War in the West Indies between the British Royal Navy and the French Navy, just off the coast of Grenada. The British fleet of Admiral John Byron (the grandfather of Lord Byron) had sailed in an attempt to relieve Grenada, which the French forces of the Comte D'Estaing had just captured. Incorrectly believing he had numerical superiority, Byron ordered a general chase to attack the French as they left their anchorage at Grenada. Because of the disorganized attack and the French superiority, the British fleet was badly mauled in the encounter, although no ships were lost on either side. Naval historian Alfred Thayer Mahan described the British loss as "the most disastrous ... that the British Navy had encountered since Beachy Head, in 1690." Background Following the entry of France into the American War of Independence as an American ally in early 1778, French Admiral the Comte D'Estaing ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
François Joseph Paul De Grasse
François Joseph Paul, Comte de Grasse, Marquis of Grasse-Tilly SMOM (13 September 1722 – 11 January 1788) was a career French officer who achieved the rank of admiral. He is best known for his command of the French fleet at the Battle of the Chesapeake in 1781 in the last year of the American Revolutionary War. It led directly to the British surrender at Yorktown and helped gain the rebels' victory. After this action, de Grasse returned with his fleet to the Caribbean. In 1782 British Admiral Rodney decisively defeated and captured Grasse at the Battle of the Saintes. Grasse was widely criticised for his loss in that battle. On his return to France in 1784, he blamed his captains for the defeat. A court martial exonerated all of his captains, effectively ending his naval career. Early life François-Joseph de Grasse was born and raised at Bar-sur-Loup in south-eastern France, the last child of Francois de Grasse Rouville, Marquis de Grasse. He earned his title and supporte ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
USS Ranger (1777)
USS ''Ranger'' was a sloop-of-war in the Continental Navy in active service in 1777–1780, the first to bear her name. Built at Portsmouth Naval Shipyard on Badger's Island in Kittery, Maine, she is famed for the one-ship raiding campaign by Captain John Paul Jones, during naval operations of the American Revolutionary War. In six months spent primarily in British waters she captured five prizes (mostly merchantmen), staged a single failed attack on the English mainland at Whitehaven, and caused Royal Navy ships to be dispatched against her in the Irish Sea. Jones was detached in Brest, France to take charge of , turning over command of ''Ranger'' to his first officer, Lieutenant Thomas Simpson. Under Simpson ''Ranger'' went on to capture twenty-four more prizes abroad the Atlantic and along the U.S. coast during 1778 and 1779. Sent to the South in late 1779 to aid the U.S. garrison at Charleston, South Carolina, during the British siege, she continued her raiding care ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Toussaint-Guillaume Picquet De La Motte
Count Toussaint-Guillaume Picquet de la Motte,In the 18th century, spelling could vary and the name is sometimes spelt "Piquet" and "La Mothe" also known as La Motte-Picquet (born 1 November 1720 in Rennes; died 10 June 1791 in Brest) was a French Navy officer and admiral. Over a career spanning 50 years, he served under Louis XV and Louis XVI and took part in 34 campaigns. He fought in the Seven Years' War and in the Naval battles of the American Revolutionary War, earning the ranks of Commandeur in the Order of Saint Louis in 1780, and of Grand Cross in 1784. He died during the French Revolution. Biography Early life La Motte-Picquet joined the Gardes de la Marine in Brest on 11 July 1735,Levot, p. 127 then aged 15. Two years later, he served on the frigate ''Vénus'' in a campaign against the Barbary corsairs of Salé.Hennequin, p.361 On 1 January 1743, he rose to ''sous-brigadier des gardes de la marine'', and then to ''aide d'artillerie'' on 10 December, after serving in ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
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