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French Ship Flamand
The ''Flamand'' was a 56-gun ''Bordelois''-class ship of the line of the French Navy. She was funded by a don des vaisseaux donation from the Estates of Flanders, and built by engineer Léon Guignace on a design by Antoine Groignard. She took part in Suffren's campaign during the American Revolutionary War. Career Completed too late to serve in the Seven Years' War, ''Flamand'' was offered to the Ottoman Navy, along with her sister-ship ''Ferme''; however the Ottoman were disappointed by the 100,000 piastres they had to pay for the first ship, and declined to purchase a second one. Activated for the American Revolutionary War, ''Flamand'' was assigned to Suffren's squadron in the Indian Ocean. At the Battle of Sadras, on 17 February 1782, Suffren ordered the 64-gun ''Ajax'', under René Joseph Bouvet de Précourt, and ''Flamand'', under Cuverville, to attack the British line to leeward. They both maneuvered to this effect, but then Tromelin, on ''Annibal'', counterm ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
François Roux
The Roux family of Marseilles was a family of hydrographers and marine painters that specialized in ship portraits. While many generations were involved in the hydrographic business, it was really only three generations who painted and became known for their skill and accuracy in portraying a ship, making their work seem more like a photograph than a painting. The painters in the family were Joseph, Ange-Joseph Antoine, Mathieu-Antoine, Ursule-Josephine, François Joseph Frédéric and François Geoffroi. Joseph Roux Joseph Roux was born in 1725 in Marseille, France to Joseph Roux, who worked as a hydrographer, and Magdaleine Senequier. He took over the family business and became a hydrographer like his father, “in the course of which he published, manufactured, and sold a wide assortment of charts, navigating instruments, and related nautical gear.” It was probably around the mid-18th century when Joseph earned the title of “Hydrographe du Roi” meaning Hydrographer to ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
French Ship Ferme (1763)
The ''Ferme'' was a 56-gun ''Bordelois''-class ship of the line of the French Navy. She was funded by a don des vaisseaux donation from the Ferme Générale, and built by engineer Léon Guignace on a design by Antoine Groignard. Complete too late to serve in the Seven Years' War The Seven Years' War (1756–1763) was a global conflict that involved most of the European Great Powers, and was fought primarily in Europe, the Americas, and Asia-Pacific. Other concurrent conflicts include the French and Indian War (1754 ..., she was sold to the Ottoman Empire and recommissioned in the Ottoman Navy. Citations References * * Ships of the line of the French Navy 1763 ships Don des vaisseaux Bordelois-class ships of the line Ships of the line of the Ottoman Navy {{France-line-ship-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
HMS Hero (1759)
HMS ''Hero'' was a 74-gun third rate ship of the line of the Royal Navy, designed by Sir Thomas Slade built by Thomas Bucknall at Plymouth Dockyard and launched on 28 March 1759. She was the only ship built to her draught. ''Hero'' and captured the French East Indiaman ''Bertin'' on 3 April 1761 and sent her into Plymouth. There the Royal Navy purchased her and commissioned as the third rate . From 1763 to 1767 ''Hero'' was commanded by Captain Paul Ourry. She had a part in the Battle of Porto Praya The Battle of Porto Praya was a naval battle that took place during the American Revolutionary War on 16 April 1781 between a British squadron under Commodore George Johnstone and a French squadron under the Bailli de Suffren. Both squadrons w ..., a naval battle that took place during the American Revolutionary War on 16 April 1781, between a British squadron under Commodore George Johnstone and a French squadron under the Bailli de Suffren. Under the command of Captai ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Battle Of Negapatam (1782)
The Battle of Negapatam was the third in a series of battles fought between a British fleet, under Vice-Admiral Sir Edward Hughes, and a French fleet, under the Bailli de Suffren, off the coast of India during the American Revolutionary War. The battle was fought on 6 July 1782. Castex (2004), pp. 269–272 Though the battle was indecisive, Suffren was stopped in his goal by Hughes and withdrew to Cuddalore, while the British remained in control of Negapatam. Background France had entered the American Revolutionary War in 1778, and Britain declared war on the Dutch Republic in late 1780, after the Dutch refused to stop trading in military supplies with the French and the Americans. The British had rapidly gained control over most French and Dutch outposts in India when news of these events reached India, spawning the Second Anglo-Mysore War in the process. Negapatam was besieged and taken by Sir Hector Munro in November 1781. The French admiral the Bailli de Suffren was ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
French Ship Brillant (1774)
''Brillant'' was a 64-gun ''Solitaire''-class ship of the line of the French Navy. Career ''Brillant'' served in Suffren's campaign in the Indian Ocean, taking part in the Battle of Cuddalore. She was the main unit of the French force that drove away Commodore Vernon's squadron at the Siege of Pondicherry on 10 August 1779, and distinguished herself at the Battle of Sadras. She was present at the battles of Negapatam under Captain Armand de Saint-Félix. In July 1782, in the wake of the Battle of Negapatam, Suffren transferred Saint-Félix to ''Artésien'' and replaced him with Jean André de Pas de Beaulieu, of ''Bellone''. The frigate ''Pourvoyeuse'' had to give her mainmast to replace that of ''Brillant'', receiving herself that of ''Fortitude''. In the reshuffling of Suffren's captains in July, his nephew Pierrevert had been given command of ''Bellone'', but shortly afterwards Pierrevert was killed in the action of 12 August 1782. Consequently, Suffren returne ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Armand De Saint-Félix
Armand de Saint-Félix (20 September 1737 – 13 August 1819) was a French Navy officer and admiral. Biography Saint-Félix joined the Navy in 1755. he served on the 16-gun ''Calypso'', where he took part in the Battle of Quiberon Bay on 20 November 1759. In 1762, he was promoted to Ensign. In 1771, he was appointed to command the corvette ''Heure de Berger'' and appointed to conduct an exploration voyage to seek the Phantom island of Juan de Lisboa. Promoted to Lieutenant in 1772, he brought Maurice Benyovszky to Madagascar for an attempt at founding a trading post. War of American Independence During the War of American Independence, Saint-Félix served on ''Solitaire'' and took part in the Battle of Ushant. He then transferred onto ''Protée'', and was taken prisoner when she was captured in the action of 24 February 1780. Promoted to Captain in 1781, he was appointed to the frigate ''Fine'' and sailed to Isle de France (Mauritius). He took command of the 64-gun ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Line Of Battle
The line of battle is a tactic in naval warfare in which a fleet of ships forms a line end to end. The first example of its use as a tactic is disputed—it has been variously claimed for dates ranging from 1502 to 1652. Line-of-battle tactics were in widespread use by 1675. Compared with prior naval tactics, in which two opposing ships closed on one another for individual combat, the line of battle has the advantage that each ship in the line can fire its broadside without fear of hitting a friendly ship. This means that in a given period, the fleet can fire more shots. Another advantage is that a relative movement of the line in relation to some part of the enemy fleet allows for a systematic concentration of fire on that part. The other fleet can avoid this by manoeuvring in a line itself, with a result typical for sea battles since 1675: two fleets sail alongside one another (or on the opposite tack). Early development The first recorded mention of the use of a line of ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
French Ship Annibal (1778)
''Annibal'' was a 74-gun ship of the line of the French Navy, lead ship of her class. She was designed by Jacques-Noël Sané, and was one of the earliest of his works. She was built at Brest in 1778. Career American theatre in the War of American Independence ''Annibal'' sailed out to the West Indies and took part in the Battle of Grenada under Lamotte-Picquet. In the Battle of Martinique, on 18 December 1779, ''Annibal'' single-handedly engaged seven ships of the line to protect a convoy, and withdrew without anyone being killed aboard. ''Annibal'' later took part in the action of 20 March 1780. Indian theatre in the War of American Independence She was then sent out to the East Indies under Suffren. ''Fortune'' and ''Annibal'' were the only two ships in the squadron not to have a copper sheathing. At the Battle of Porto Praya, her captain, Achille de Trémigon, failed to understand Suffren's intentions to illegally attack the British fleet without consideratio ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Bernard-Marie Boudin De Tromelin
Bernard-Marie Boudin de Tromelin (Morlaix, 15 February 1735 — Lyon, 4 December 1815) was a French Navy officer. Biography Born to Marie-Françoise Le Diouguel de Penanru and Jacques Boudin de Tromelin, Tromelin started his career in the army as a lieutenant in the régiment du Limousin, and taking part in the Siege of Maastricht. Tromelin joined the navy as a Garde-Marine on 6 July 1750. On 11 October 1755, he was promoted to ensign. He served on the 22-gun frigate ''Hermine'' from 7 December 1760 to 26 November 1761 under Lieutenant Toussaint Julien Auffray du Guélambert, taking part in the Battle of Cape Finisterre on 13 and 14 August 1761. Promoted to lieutenant on 1 May 1763, he took command of ''Normande'' from 29 December 1767 to July 1770. On 24 April 1769, he was admitted as a member of the Académie de Marine. From 2 March 1771 to October 1783, he was in charge of improving infrastructure in Port-Louis harbour. Promoted to captain on 4 April 1777, he was gi ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Windward And Leeward
Windward () and leeward () are terms used to describe the direction of the wind. Windward is ''upwind'' from the point of reference, i.e. towards the direction from which the wind is coming; leeward is ''downwind'' from the point of reference, i.e. along the direction towards which the wind is going. The side of a ship that is towards the leeward is its "lee side". If the vessel is heeling under the pressure of crosswind, the lee side will be the "lower side". During the Age of Sail, the term ''weather'' was used as a synonym for ''windward'' in some contexts, as in the ''weather gage''. Because it captures rain, the windward side of a mountain tends to be wet compared to the leeward it blocks. Origin The term "lee" comes from the middle-low German word // meaning "where the sea is not exposed to the wind" or "mild". The terms Luv and Lee (engl. Windward and Leeward) have been in use since the 17th century. Usage Windward and leeward directions (and the points ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Louis-Hyacinte De Cavelier De Cuverville
Louis-Hyacinte de Cavelier, chevalier de Cuverville (Château de Cuverville, near Le Havre, 1740 — Quintin, 1819) was a French Navy officer. Biography Cuverville was born to an aristocratic family. He joined the Navy in 1755, was promoted to Ensign in 1761 and to Lieutenant in 1774. In 1778, he captained the frigate ''Inconstante''. Cuverville served in the Indian Ocean under Rear-Admiral Suffren. He was captain of the 56-gun ''Flamand'' at the Battle of Sadras on 17 February 1782. Suffren ordered the 64-gun ''Ajax'', under René Joseph Bouvet de Précourt, and ''Flamand'', under Cuverville, to attack the British line to leeward. They both maneuvered to this effect, but then Tromelin, on ''Annibal'', countermanded the order by signaling ''Ajax'' and ''Flamand'' to return to their post in the line of battle. While ''Ajax'' obeyed the order, ''Flamand'' sailed on and Saint-Félix, of ''Brillant'', requested permission to replace ''Ajax''. At the Battle of Negap ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
René Joseph Bouvet De Précourt
René Joseph Bouvet de Précourt ( — Trincomalee, 6 October 1782) was a French Navy officer. He was captain of the 64-gun ''Ajax'' in Suffren's squadron in the Indian Ocean during the War of American Independence, and fought at the Battle of Sadras on 17 February 1782. Biography Bouvet-Précourt was a French officer. He served in the French East India Company, making 12 journeys in 18 years and 2 months. He was the father of François Joseph Bouvet de Précourt. He served in the French Royal Navy under Admiral d'Aché in 1758 and 1759, rising to Captain. On 16 February 1780, Bouvet departed Lorient at the command of the 64-gun ''Ajax'', along with ''Protée'', ''Éléphant'' and ''Charmante'', escorting a convoy bound for India. In late February, off Spain, the convoy met Rodney's fleet; ''Protée'' sacrificed herself to hold the British back and was captured on 24, while ''Charmante'' returned to Lorient, arriving on 3 March, and the convoy escaped under the prote ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
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