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French-Hellenic Railway Company
The French-Hellenic Railway Co. (french: Chemin de fer Franco-Hellenique, or ''CFFH'', full name: ''Cοmpanie franco-hellenique des chemins de fer'', el, Γαλλοελληνική Εταιρεία Σιδηροδρόμων or ) was a railway company in Greece and Turkey which operated the former Chemins de fer Orientaux railway line from Alexandroupolis to Pythio, Ormenio and Svilengrad between 1929 and 1954. The company was absorbed by the Hellenic State Railways in 1954. History After World War I and the subsequent Greek-Turkish War from 1919 to 1922 and finally peace in the form of the treaty of Lausanne, the Chemins de fer Orientaux (CO) ended up having a network straddling Turkey and Greece. This created operational difficulties, each country having now its own set of rules & regulations, currencies, languages, ... In order to resolve this situation, the CO decided to split itself into two companies: one for the Greek part, one for the Turkish part of the railway. The C ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Dikaia Railway Station
Dikaia railway station ( el, Σιδηροδρομικός Σταθμός Δικαίων, Sidirodromikos Stathmos Dikeon) is a railway station that serves the village of Dikaia, Evros in Eastern Macedonia and Thrace, Greece. Located less than east of the centre of Dikaia, the station opened in 1874 by the Chemins de fer Orientaux (now part of OSE). Today TrainOSE operates just four daily regional trains to Alexandroupoli and Ormenio. The station is unstaffed however there are waiting rooms available. It is one of the northernmost operational railway stations in Greece, close to both the Bulgarian and Turkish borders. History The station opened in 1874 when the line, built by the Chemins de fer Orientaux, from Istanbul to Vienna opened. The railway reached Dikaia in 1873, when the line from Istanbul to Edirne and Bulgaria was opened. When the railway was built it was all within the Ottoman Empire. During World War I, the railway was an important link as the Ottoman Empire, Bulga ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Treaty Of Lausanne
The Treaty of Lausanne (french: Traité de Lausanne) was a peace treaty negotiated during the Lausanne Conference of 1922–23 and signed in the Palais de Rumine, Lausanne, Switzerland, on 24 July 1923. The treaty officially settled the conflict that had originally existed between the Ottoman Empire and the Allied French Republic, British Empire, Kingdom of Italy, Empire of Japan, Kingdom of Greece, and the Kingdom of Romania since the onset of World War I. The original text of the treaty is in French. It was the result of a second attempt at peace after the failed and unratified Treaty of Sèvres, which aimed to divide Ottoman lands. The earlier treaty had been signed in 1920, but later rejected by the Turkish National Movement who fought against its terms. As a result of Greco-Turkish War, İzmir was retrieved and the Armistice of Mudanya was signed in October 1922. It provided for the Greek-Turkish population exchange and allowed unrestricted civilian passage through the ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Pehlivanköy Railway Station
Pehlivanköy station ( tr, Pehlivanköy garı) is a station in Pehlivanköy, Turkey. The station is located just before the Edirne cut-off splits off the Istanbul-Pythio railway. TCDD Taşımacılık operates a daily regional train from Istanbul to Kapıkule, which stops at Pehlivanköy. The station was opened on 4 April 1873, by the Oriental Railway. Between July 2005 and February 2011 the ''Friendship Express'', (an international InterCity train jointly operated by the Turkish State Railways (TCDD) and TrainOSE linking Istanbul's Sirkeci Terminal, Turkey and Thessaloniki Thessaloniki (; el, Θεσσαλονίκη, , also known as Thessalonica (), Saloniki, or Salonica (), is the second-largest city in Greece, with over one million inhabitants in its Thessaloniki metropolitan area, metropolitan area, and the capi ..., Greece) made scheduled stops at Pehlivanköy. References External linksStation timetable {{DEFAULTSORT:Pehlivankoy railway station Railway stations ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Pehlivanköy–Svilengrad Railway
The Edirne cut-off is a long rail line from Pehlivanköy, Turkey to Svilengrad, Bulgaria. The line was built in 1971 by the Turkish State Railways in order to avoid crossing the border with Greece twice, on the former Chemins de fer Orientaux, Oriental Railway's main line, in order to get to Edirne. The Hellenic Railways Organisation (OSE) also built a cut-off from Neo Vyssa to Marasia in the same year. These two new rail lines led to the abandonment of the former Chemins de fer Orientaux, CO main line in to Edirne Karaağaç Railway Station. Route description From Pehlivanköy, the line follows the line to Pythio for about 5 km before turning North West to go to Edirne railway station, Edirne in almost straight line across flat lands. Near Edirne, the line is on the bank of the Maritsa, Meriç River (Maritsa), squeezed between the river itself and the old city. The line goes over the Tundzha, Tunca (Tundzha) river and then goes in almost straight line again to Kapıkule r ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Turkish State Railways
The State Railways of the Republic of Turkey ( tr, Türkiye Cumhuriyeti Devlet Demiryolları), abbreviated as TCDD, is a government-owned national railway company responsible with the ownership and maintenance of railway infrastructure in Turkey, as well as the planning and construction of new lines. TCDD was formed on 4 June 1929 as part of the nationalisation of railways in Turkey. The Turkish State Railways own and maintain all public railways in Turkey. This includes railway stations, ports, bridges and tunnels, yards and maintenance facilities. In 2016, TCDD controlled an active network of of railways, making it the List of countries by rail transport network size, 23rd-largest railway system in the world. Apart from railway infrastructure, TCDD also owns several rail transport companies within Turkey as well as a 50% share of the İzmir-area commuter rail system, İZBAN. Prior to 2017, TCDD also operated all railways in Turkey. However, with the government taking steps to ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Enclave
An enclave is a territory (or a small territory apart of a larger one) that is entirely surrounded by the territory of one other state or entity. Enclaves may also exist within territorial waters. ''Enclave'' is sometimes used improperly to denote a territory that is only partly surrounded by another state. The Vatican City and San Marino, both enclaved by Italy, and Lesotho, enclaved by South Africa, are completely enclaved sovereign states. An exclave is a portion of a state or district geographically separated from the main part by surrounding alien territory (of one or more states or districts etc). Many exclaves are also enclaves, but not all: an exclave can be surrounded by the territory of more than one state. The Azerbaijani exclave of Nakhchivan is an example of an exclave that is not an enclave, as it borders Armenia, Turkey and Iran. Semi-enclaves and semi-exclaves are areas that, except for possessing an unsurrounded sea border (a coastline contiguous with internat ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Pythion Railway Station
Pythion railway station ( el, Σιδηροδρομικός Σταθμός Πυθίου, Sidirodromikós stathmós Pythíou) is a railway station and junction where the railway to Ormenio and Bulgaria branches off the main line from Thessaloniki to Istanbul through Alexandroupolis and Uzunköprü, that serves the village of Pythion, Evros in Eastern Macedonia and Thrace, Greece. Located southeast of the village of Pythion, it is unmanned, however there are waiting rooms available, if in a dilapidated state. The station is the final stop in Greece before crossing the border into Turkey. There is another railway stop closer to the village, ("Pythion halt"). History The station lies on the line, built by the Chemins de fer Orientaux (CO) from Istanbul to Vienna. The railway reached Pythion, known as Kuleliburgaz during Ottoman rule, in 1873, when the line from Istanbul to Edirne and Bulgaria was opened. A branch from Pythion to Alexandroupolis (then known as Dedeağaç) was ope ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ormenio Railway Station
Ormenio railway station ( el, Σιδηροδρομικός Σταθμός Ορμένιο, Sidirodromikós stathmós Pythio) is a railway station that serves the village of Ormenio, Evros in Eastern Macedonia and Thrace, Greece. Located around north of the centre of Ormenio, the station was opened by the Chemins de fer Orientaux, (now part of OSE). Today TrainOSE operates just 1 daily Regional train; however, there are waiting rooms available. Ormenio is the northernmost railway station in Greece and the final stop before crossing the border into Bulgaria. History The station lies on the line built by the Chemins de fer Orientaux (CO), from Istanbul to Vienna. The railway was a vital link during World War I as the Ottoman Empire, Bulgaria, and Austria-Hungary were all Central Allies. Following the defeat of the Ottoman Empire, its remaining imperial possessions were divided. The sections from Alexandroupoli to Svilengrad, except for a short section of about in Turkey serving ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Alexandroupoli
Alexandroupolis ( el, Αλεξανδρούπολη, ), Alexandroupoli, or Alexandrople is a city in Greece and the capital of the Evros regional unit. It is the largest city in Western Thrace and the region of Eastern Macedonia and Thrace. It has 71,601 inhabitants and is an important port and commercial center of northeastern Greece. The city was first settled by the Ottoman Empire in the 19th century and grew into a fishing village, Dedeağaç. In 1873, it became a ''kaza'' and one year later, it was promoted to a ''sanjak''. The city developed into a regional trading center. Later, it became a part of Adrianople Vilayet. During the Russo-Turkish War (1877–1878), it was briefly captured by the Russians. Ottoman rule ended with the First Balkan War, when the city was captured by Bulgaria in 1912. In the Second Balkan War, Greece took the control of the city. With the Treaty of Bucharest (10 August 1913), the city returned back to Bulgaria. With the defeat of Bulgaria in Wor ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Aegean Sea
The Aegean Sea ; tr, Ege Denizi (Greek language, Greek: Αιγαίο Πέλαγος: "Egéo Pélagos", Turkish language, Turkish: "Ege Denizi" or "Adalar Denizi") is an elongated embayment of the Mediterranean Sea between Europe and Asia. It is located between the Balkans and Anatolia, and covers an area of some 215,000 square kilometres. In the north, the Aegean is connected to the Marmara Sea and the Black Sea by the straits of the Dardanelles and the Bosphorus. The Aegean Islands are located within the sea and some bound it on its southern periphery, including Crete and Rhodes. The sea reaches a maximum depth of 2,639m to the west of Karpathos. The Thracian Sea and the Sea of Crete are main subdivisions of the Aegean Sea. The Aegean Islands can be divided into several island groups, including the Dodecanese, the Cyclades, the Sporades, the Saronic Islands, Saronic islands and the North Aegean islands, North Aegean Islands, as well as Crete and its surrounding islands. The ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Alexandroupoli–Svilengrad Railway
The Alexandroupoli–Svilengrad railway ( el, Σιδηροδρομική γραμμή Αλεξανδρούπολης - Σβίλενγκραντ, Sidiródromos Alexandroúpolis-Svílen'nkrant) is a long railway connecting the port of Alexandroupoli in Eastern Macedonia and Thrace, Greece with Svilengrad in Bulgaria, via the village of Ormenio. Despite its name, there is only passenger service on the section on Greek territory, between Alexandroupoli and Ormenio, as the international services to Sofia (via Svilengrad) and İstanbul Sirkeci Terminal, Istanbul ("Friendship Express") have been suspended as of 2011. Course The southern terminus of the Alexandroupoli–Svilengrad railway is Alexandroupoli railway station. About 30 km east of Alexandroupoli the line starts following the river Maritsa, Evros upstream on its right bank. At Pythio, between Didymoteicho and Orestiada, the line to Istanbul branches off. It reaches , the current terminus of all passenger services, short ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Bulgaria
Bulgaria (; bg, България, Bǎlgariya), officially the Republic of Bulgaria,, ) is a country in Southeast Europe. It is situated on the eastern flank of the Balkans, and is bordered by Romania to the north, Serbia and North Macedonia to the west, Greece and Turkey to the south, and the Black Sea to the east. Bulgaria covers a territory of , and is the sixteenth-largest country in Europe. Sofia is the nation's capital and largest city; other major cities are Plovdiv, Varna and Burgas. One of the earliest societies in the lands of modern-day Bulgaria was the Neolithic Karanovo culture, which dates back to 6,500 BC. In the 6th to 3rd century BC the region was a battleground for ancient Thracians, Persians, Celts and Macedonians; stability came when the Roman Empire conquered the region in AD 45. After the Roman state splintered, tribal invasions in the region resumed. Around the 6th century, these territories were settled by the early Slavs. The Bulgars, led by Asp ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
