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Frederick William, Elector Of Hesse
Frederick William I (20 August 1802 – 6 January 1875) was, between 1847 and 1866, the last Prince-elector of Hesse-Kassel (or Hesse-Cassel). Early life He was born at Hanau on 20 August 1802. He was the son of Prince William, later William II, Elector of Hesse, and Princess Augusta of Prussia, daughter of King Frederick William II of Prussia. During the French occupation of Hesse-Kassel from 1806 to 1813, he stayed with his mother in Berlin. Reportedly, he had a poor relationship with his father because of his father's affair with Emilie Ortlöpp. Frederick was educated at Marburg and Leipzig. Career On 30 September 1831, he became co-regent and, in 1847, Prince-elector. Under influence of his minister Hans Daniel Ludwig Friedrich Hassenpflug, he conducted a reactionary policy, which made him very unpopular. He was forced to give in to the demands of the March Revolution, but reinstated Hassenpflug in 1850 after the revolution had been crushed. In the Austro-Prussian W ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
List Of Rulers Of Hesse
This is a list of rulers of Hesse (german: Hessen) during the history of Hesse on west-central Germany. These rulers belonged to a dynasty collectively known as the House of Hesse and the House of Brabant,''Burke's Royal Families of the World Volume I Europe & Latin America'' , London 1977 p. 202 originally the Reginar. Hesse was ruled as a landgraviate, electorate and later as a grand duchy until 1918. The title of all of the following rulers was "landgrave" (german: Landgraf) unless otherwise noted. Landgraviate of Hesse In the early Middle Ages the Hessengau territory (named after the Germanic Chatti tribes) formed the northern parts of the German stem duchy of Franconia along with the adjacent Lahngau. Upon the extinction of the ducal Conradines, these Rhenish Franconian counties were gradually acquired by Landgrave Louis I of Thuringia and his successors. After the War of the Thuringian Succession upon the death of Landgrave Henry Raspe in 1247, his niece Duchess Soph ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
German Revolutions Of 1848–1849
The German revolutions of 1848–1849 (), the opening phase of which was also called the March Revolution (), were initially part of the Revolutions of 1848 that broke out in many European countries. They were a series of loosely coordinated protests and rebellions in the states of the German Confederation, including the Austrian Empire. The revolutions, which stressed pan-Germanism, demonstrated popular discontent with the traditional, largely autocratic political structure of the thirty-nine independent states of the Confederation that inherited the German territory of the former Holy Roman Empire after its dismantlement as a result of the Napoleonic Wars. This process began in the mid 1840s. The middle-class elements were committed to liberal principles, while the working class sought radical improvements to their working and living conditions. As the middle class and working class components of the Revolution split, the conservative aristocracy defeated it. Liberals were for ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
August, Prince Of Hohenlohe-Öhringen
Frederick ''August'' Charles, Prince of Hohenlohe-Öhringen (27 November 1784 – 15 February 1853) was a German general of the Napoleonic Wars and nobleman of the house of Hohenlohe. Early life August was born on 27 November 1784 in Breslau. His parents were Frederick Louis, Prince of Hohenlohe-Ingelfingen (1748–1818) and Countess Maria Amalie von Hoym and his younger brother was Prince Adolf zu Hohenlohe-Ingelfingen who briefly served as Minister-President of Prussia in 1862 and was succeeded by Otto von Bismarck. His father was the eldest son of Heinrich August, 1st Prince of Hohenlohe-Ingelfingen and Wilhelmine Eleonora von Hohenlohe-Öhringen. His nephew was Prince Kraft zu Hohenlohe-Ingelfingen. His maternal grandparents were Count Julius Gebhard von Hoym and Christiane Charlotte Sophie von Dieskau. Career He was a German general during the Napoleonic Wars. Upon his parents' marriage in 1782, his father acquired the estates of Slawentzitz, Ujest and Bitschin in Sil ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Wächtersbach
The town of Wächtersbach is part of the Main-Kinzig-Kreis in Hesse, Germany. In 1982, the town hosted the 22nd ''Hessentag'' state festival. Location Wächtersbach lies between the Spessart and the Vogelsberg Mountains in the middle Kinzig valley at the edge of the Büdingen Forest, not far from the towns of Gelnhausen, Birstein, Bad Orb and Bad Soden-Salmünster. Neighbouring communities To the north, Wächtersbach borders on the communities of Kefenrod (Wetteraukreis) and Brachttal. To the east it abuts the town of Bad Soden-Salmünster, and in the south the town of Bad Orb and the community of Biebergemünd. In the west it borders the community of Gründau. Economy Wächtersbach is well known for its retail fair, the ''Wächtersbacher Messe'', held yearly for end customers in the week around Ascension Day. Retail business and the electrical engineering industry underpin the town's economic life. Over the last few years, many shops have located in Wächtersbach bringin ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ferdinand Maximilian, Prince Of Ysenburg-Büdingen-Wächtersbach
Ferdinand Maximilian III of Ysenburg-Wächtersbach (24 October 1824 – 5 June 1903) was the head of the Wächtersbach branch of the House Ysenburg and the first Prince of Isenburg-Budingen-Wächtersbach. Early life Prince Ferdinand Maximilian III was born on 24 October 1824 in Wächtersbach. He was the only child of Adolph II, Count of Isenburg-Wächtersbach and Countess Philippine zu Ysenburg-Philippseich. His paternal grandparents were Louis Maximilian I of Isenburg-Wächtersbach and Countess Auguste of Sayn-Wittgenstein-Hohenstein. His maternal grandparents were Heinrich Ferdinand, Count of Isenburg-Büdingen-Philippseich and Countess Amalia of Bentheim-Tecklenburg-Rheda. Career In 1847, following the death of his father, he became the ruling Count of Isenburg-Wächtersbach. From 1856 to 1903 he was a member of the first chamber of the State Parliament of the Grand Duchy of Hesse, although from 1875 to 1887, he was represented by his son Friedrich Wilhelm. From 1868 to 18 ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Serene Highness
His/Her Serene Highness ( abbreviation: HSH, second person address: Your Serene Highness) is a style used today by the reigning families of Liechtenstein, Monaco and Thailand. Over the past 400 years, it has also used as a style for senior members of the family of Hazrat Ishaan, who lead Naqshbandi Sunni Islam and the Naqshbandi Sufi Order today. Until 1918, it was also associated with the princely titles of members of some German ruling and mediatised dynasties and with a few princely but non-ruling families. It was also the form of address used for cadet members of the dynasties of France, Italy, Russia and Ernestine Saxony, under their monarchies. Additionally, the treatment was granted for some, but not all, princely yet non-reigning families of Bohemia, Hungary, Italy, Poland, Romania and Russia by emperors or popes. In a handful of rare cases, it was employed by non-royal rulers in viceregal or even republican contexts. In a number of older English dictionaries, ''sere ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Illustrious Highness
His/Her Illustrious Highness ( abbreviation: H.Ill.H.) is the usual English-language translation for ''Erlaucht'', a style historically attributed to certain members of the European aristocracy. It is not a literal translation, as the German word for "Highness" is '' Hoheit'', a higher style that appertained to sovereign dukes and other royalty. Usage Ancient "Illustrious Highness" is used to translate the Middle High German word ''Erlaucht'' (german: erleuchtet) eventually borne by Imperial counts, similar to the later ''Durchlaucht'' ("Serene Highness") which was reserved for the ''Reichsfürsten'' (Princes of the Holy Roman Empire). Modern From the Early modern period, the style ''Erlaucht'' has been used by the members of those comital families ('' Reichsgrafen'') who, like the ''Reichsfürsten'', held the status of Imperial immediacy. They retained it even after the German Mediatisation of 1802/03, confirmed by the Bundesversammlung of the German Confederation in 1828. ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Oberleutnant
() is the highest lieutenant officer rank in the German-speaking armed forces of Germany (Bundeswehr), the Austrian Armed Forces, and the Swiss Armed Forces. Austria Germany In the German Army, it dates from the early 19th century. Translated as "senior lieutenant", the rank is typically bestowed upon commissioned officers after five to six years of active-duty service. is used by both the German Army and the German Air Force. In the NATO military comparison system, a German is the equivalent of a First lieutenant in the Army/Air Forces of Allied nations. ;Other uses The equivalent naval rank is ''Oberleutnant zur See''. In Nazi Germany, within the SS, SA and Waffen-SS, the rank of Obersturmführer was considered the equivalent of an in the German Army. National People's Army In the GDR National People's Army (NPA) the rank was the highest lieutenant rank, until 1990. This was in reference to Soviet military doctrine and in line with other armed forces of ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Bonn
The federal city of Bonn ( lat, Bonna) is a city on the banks of the Rhine in the German state of North Rhine-Westphalia, with a population of over 300,000. About south-southeast of Cologne, Bonn is in the southernmost part of the Rhine-Ruhr region, Germany's largest metropolitan area, with over 11 million inhabitants. It is a university city and the birthplace of Ludwig van Beethoven. Founded in the 1st century BC as a Roman settlement in the province Germania Inferior, Bonn is one of Germany's oldest cities. It was the capital city of the Electorate of Cologne from 1597 to 1794, and residence of the Archbishops and Prince-electors of Cologne. From 1949 to 1990, Bonn was the capital of West Germany, and Germany's present constitution, the Basic Law, was declared in the city in 1949. The era when Bonn served as the capital of West Germany is referred to by historians as the Bonn Republic. From 1990 to 1999, Bonn served as the seat of government – but no longer capital – ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Morganatic Marriage
Morganatic marriage, sometimes called a left-handed marriage, is a marriage between people of unequal social rank, which in the context of royalty or other inherited title prevents the principal's position or privileges being passed to the spouse, or any children born of the marriage. The concept is most prevalent in German-speaking territories and countries most influenced by the customs of the German-speaking realms. Generally, this is a marriage between a man of high birth (such as from a reigning, deposed or mediatised dynasty) and a woman of lesser status (such as a daughter of a low-ranked noble family or a commoner).Webster's Online Dictionary . Retrieved 2008-07-10. Diesbach, Ghislain de. ''S ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
German Empire
The German Empire (),Herbert Tuttle wrote in September 1881 that the term "Reich" does not literally connote an empire as has been commonly assumed by English-speaking people. The term literally denotes an empire – particularly a hereditary empire led by an emperor, although has been used in German to denote the Roman Empire because it had a weak hereditary tradition. In the case of the German Empire, the official name was , which is properly translated as "German Empire" because the official position of head of state in the constitution of the German Empire was officially a "presidency" of a confederation of German states led by the King of Prussia who would assume "the title of German Emperor" as referring to the German people, but was not emperor of Germany as in an emperor of a state. –The German Empire" ''Harper's New Monthly Magazine''. vol. 63, issue 376, pp. 591–603; here p. 593. also referred to as Imperial Germany, the Second Reich, as well as simply Germany, ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
