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François-Louis Crosnier
François-Louis Crosnier (12 May 1792 - 1 September 1867) was a French theatre manager, politician, and playwright, who used the pen name Edmond Crosnier. Biography Born François-Louis Croisnu, he was the son of Louis Croisnu, who adopted the name Crosnier,Tamvaco 2000, pp. 918–919. and Marie-Barbe Constantin, concierges of the Opera, who kept the post for over 35 years. François-Louis first married Françoise-Charlotte-Félix Berville Vallouy and in second nuptials, Marie-Joséphine Alcasar, who was the widow of Casimir-Anne-Marie Broussais, the son of François Broussais. Early in life he became a playwright, whose Play (theatre), plays were performed on the most important Parisian stages of the 19th century, including the Théâtre de la Porte-Saint-Martin, the Théâtre de la Gaîté (boulevard du Temple), Théâtre de la Gaîté, the Théâtre de l'Odéon, and the Théâtre de l'Ambigu-Comique. However, failing to achieve great success and acquiring a large fortune ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Versailles
The Palace of Versailles ( ; french: Château de Versailles ) is a former royal residence built by King Louis XIV located in Versailles, about west of Paris, France. The palace is owned by the French Republic and since 1995 has been managed, under the direction of the French Ministry of Culture, by the Public Establishment of the Palace, Museum and National Estate of Versailles. Some 15,000,000 people visit the palace, park, or gardens of Versailles every year, making it one of the most popular tourist attractions in the world. Louis XIII built a simple hunting lodge on the site of the Palace of Versailles in 1623 and replaced it with a small château in 1631–34. Louis XIV expanded the château into a palace in several phases from 1661 to 1715. It was a favorite residence for both kings, and in 1682, Louis XIV moved the seat of his court and government to Versailles, making the palace the ''de facto'' capital of France. This state of affairs was continued by Kings Louis XV an ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
National Guard (France)
The National Guard (french: link=no, Garde nationale) is a French military, gendarmerie, and police reserve force, active in its current form since 2016 but originally founded in 1789 during the French Revolution. For most of its history the National Guard, particularly its officers, has been widely viewed as loyal to middle-class interests. It was founded as separate from the French Army and existed both for policing and as a military reserve. However, in its original stages from 1792 to 1795, the National Guard was perceived as revolutionary and the lower ranks were identified with sans-culottes. It experienced a period of official dissolution from 1827 to 1830 but was reestablished. Soon after the Franco-Prussian War of 1870–71, the National Guard in Paris again became viewed as dangerously revolutionary, which contributed to its dissolution in 1871. In 2016, France announced the reestablishment of the National Guard for the second time, in response to a series of te ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Adolphe Adam
Adolphe Charles Adam (; 24 July 1803 – 3 May 1856) was a French composer, teacher and music critic. A prolific composer for the theatre, he is best known today for his ballets ''Giselle'' (1841) and '' Le corsaire'' (1856), his operas ''Le postillon de Lonjumeau'' (1836) and ''Si j'étais roi'' (1852) and his Christmas carol "Minuit, chrétiens!" (Midnight, Christians, 1844, known in English as "O Holy Night"). Adam was the son of a well-known composer and pianist, but his father did not wish him to pursue a musical career. Adam defied his father, and his many operas and ballets earned him a good living until he lost all his money in 1848 in a disastrous bid to open a new opera house in Paris in competition with the Opéra and Opéra-Comique. He recovered, and extended his activities to journalism and teaching. He was appointed as a professor at the Paris Conservatoire, France's principal music academy. Together with his older contemporary Daniel Auber and his teacher Adrien ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Le Postillon De Lonjumeau
''Le postillon de Lonjumeau'' (''The Postillion of Lonjumeau'') is an opéra-comique in three acts by Adolphe Adam to a French libretto by Adolphe de Leuven and Léon Lévy Brunswick. The opera has become the most successful of Adam's works, and the one by which (apart from his ballet ''Giselle'' and his Christmas carol ''Cantique de Noël'') he is best known outside his native France. The opera is known for the difficult aria "Mes amis, écoutez l'histoire" which has been called a test for tenors because of the demanding high D, or D5, at the end of the aria. Performance history The opera was premiered by the Opéra-Comique at the Salle de la Bourse in Paris on 13 October 1836. Performances followed at the St James's Theatre, London on 13 March 1837, and in New Orleans at the Théâtre d'Orléans on 19 April 1838. Recent productions have been mounted in the Berlin Staatsoper Unter den Linden (from 4 August 2000) and at the Grand Théâtre, Dijon, (from 30 March 2004 under ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Albert Grisar
Albert Grisar (25 December 1808 – 15 June 1869) was a Belgian composer, mainly active in Paris. Career Born in Antwerp, Grisar's family had intended for him to pursue a tradesman's career, but he defied their wishes to devote himself to music. He studied in Antwerp with Joseph Janssens, in Paris under Anton Reicha, and in the mid-1840s in Naples with Saverio Mercadante. Grisar was a successful comic opera composer, first winning success in Brussels in 1833 and in Paris later in the decade. He collaborated with Flotow on ''L'Eau merveilleuse'' (1839), with Flotow and Auguste Pilati in ''Le Naufrage de la Méduse'' (1839), and with François-Adrien Boieldieu on ''L'Opéra à la cour'' (1840). When he received a grant from the Belgian government in 1840 to study music of Belgian composers in Italy, he instead used his time in Rome and Naples to study compositional techniques of the comic opera. His Parisian works of the late 1840s and early 1850s were particularly well received by ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Fromental Halévy
Jacques-François-Fromental-Élie Halévy, usually known as Fromental Halévy (; 27 May 179917 March 1862), was a French composer. He is known today largely for his opera '' La Juive''. Early career Halévy was born in Paris, son of the cantor Élie Halfon Halévy, who was the secretary of the Jewish community of Paris and a writer and teacher of Hebrew, and a French Jewish mother. The name Fromental (meaning 'oat grass'), by which he was generally known, reflects his birth on the day dedicated to that plant: 7 Prairial in the French Revolutionary calendar, which was still operative at that time. He entered the Conservatoire de Paris at the age of nine or ten (accounts differ), in 1809, becoming a pupil and later protégé of Cherubini. After two second-place attempts, he won the Prix de Rome in 1819: his cantata subject was ''Herminie''. As he had to delay his departure to Rome because of the death of his mother, he was able to accept the first commission that brought him ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Daniel Auber
Daniel-François-Esprit Auber (; 29 January 178212 May 1871) was a French composer and director of the Paris Conservatoire. Born into an artistic family, Auber was at first an amateur composer before he took up writing operas professionally when the family's fortunes failed in 1820. He soon established a professional partnership with the librettist Eugène Scribe that lasted for 41 years and produced 39 operas, most of them commercial and critical successes. He is mostly associated with opéra-comique and composed 35 works in that genre. With Scribe he wrote the first French grand opera, ''La Muette de Portici'' (The Dumb Woman of Portici) in 1828, which paved the way for the large-scale works of Giacomo Meyerbeer. Auber held two important official musical posts. From 1842 to 1871 he was director of France's premier music academy, the Paris Conservatoire, which he expanded and modernised. From 1852 until the fall of the Second Empire in 1870 he was director of the imperial chap ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Le Cheval De Bronze
''Le Cheval de bronze'' (''The Bronze Horse'') is an '' opéra comique'' by the French composer Daniel Auber, first performed on 23 March 1835 by the Opéra-Comique at the Salle de la Bourse in Paris. The libretto (in three acts) is by Auber's regular collaborator, Eugène Scribe and the piece was a great success in its day. In 1857, it was transformed into an opera-ballet, but this did not hold the stage. The overture is one of Auber's most popular. The first-act finale expands on the final phrases from the first-act finale of Mozart's '' Così fan tutte''. The composer tried to reflect the Chinese setting of the story in the music. Performance history The opera was first performed in England on 14 December 1835 at the Covent Garden Theatre in London, and in the United States on 15 April 1836 at the Théâtre d'Orléans in New Orleans. In March 2012 a production was staged by the Komische Oper Berlin (German version by Bettina Bartz und Werner Hintze) and later broadcast ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Corps Législatif (Second Empire)
The was a part of the French legislature during the French Revolution and beyond. It is also the generic French term used to refer to any legislative body. History The Constitution of the Year I foresaw the need for a ''corps législatif''. During the period of the French Directory, beginning in 1795, the ''Corps législatif'' referred to the bicameral legislature of the ''Conseil des Cinq-Cents'' ( Council of Five Hundred) and the ''Conseil des Anciens'' ( Council of Ancients). Later, under Napoleon's Consulate, the Constitution of the Year VIII (1799) set up a ''Corps législatif'' as the law-making body of the three-part government apparatus (alongside the Tribunat and the Sénat Conservateur). This body replaced the Conseil des Cinq-Cents, established by the Constitution of the Year III of the Directory period as the lower house of the French legislature, but its role consisted solely of voting on laws deliberated before the Tribunat. The Constitution of the Year X co ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Chamber Of Deputies
The chamber of deputies is the lower house in many bicameral legislatures and the sole house in some unicameral legislatures. Description Historically, French Chamber of Deputies was the lower house of the French Parliament during the Bourbon Restoration, the July Monarchy, and the French Third Republic; the name is still informally used for the National Assembly under the nation's current Fifth Republic. The term "chamber of deputies" is not widely used by English-speaking countries, the more popular equivalent being "House of Representatives", an exception being Burma, a former British colony, where it was the name of the lower house of the country's parliament. It was also the official description of Dáil Éireann (the lower house of the Irish parliament) during the period of the Irish Free State. In Malta, the House of Representatives is known, in Maltese, as "''Kamra tad-Deputati''". In Lebanon, the literal Arabic name of that country's parliament is ''Majlis an-Nuwwa ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Conseil Général (France)
The departmental councils ( French: ''conseils départementaux''; singular, ''conseil départemental'') of France are representative assemblies elected by universal suffrage in 98 of the country's 101 departments. Prior to the 2015 French departmental elections they were known as general councils (''conseils généraux''; singular, ''conseil général''). History The Law of 22 December 1789 required the establishment of an assembly in each department, known as the council of the department. This law was repealed on 4 December 1793; it was restored as the "law on the division of the territory of the Republic and its administration" on 17 February 1800, in which, "General Council of the departments" were formed. At this time, the name "General Council" was also used by town and district councils. The members of the general council were not elected until 1833; they were first elected by universal manhood suffrage on 3 July 1848. The first female president of a department counci ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
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