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Floyd M. Gardner
Floyd M. Gardner (1929 – 2021) was a well-known expert and author in the area of phase lock loops (PLLs). The first, second, and third editions of his book ''Phaselock Techniques'' have been highly influential and remain a well-recognized reference among electrical engineers specializing in areas involving PLL A phase-locked loop or phase lock loop (PLL) is a control system that generates an output Signal (electrical engineering), signal whose phase (waves), phase is related to the phase of an input signal. There are several different types; the simp ...s. In 1980, Gardner was elected IEEE Fellow "for contributions to the understanding and applications of phase lock loops." Gardner's problem on the lock-in range Floyd M. Gardner introduced "a lock-in range concept" for PLLs and posed the problem on its formalization (known as the Gardner problem on the lock-in range). In the 1st edition of his book he introduced a lock-in frequency concept for the PLL in the following ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Phase-locked Loop
A phase-locked loop or phase lock loop (PLL) is a control system that generates an output signal whose phase is related to the phase of an input signal. There are several different types; the simplest is an electronic circuit consisting of a variable frequency oscillator and a phase detector in a feedback loop. The oscillator's frequency and phase are controlled proportionally by an applied voltage, hence the term voltage-controlled oscillator (VCO). The oscillator generates a periodic signal of a specific frequency, and the phase detector compares the phase of that signal with the phase of the input periodic signal, to adjust the oscillator to keep the phases matched. Keeping the input and output phase in lockstep also implies keeping the input and output frequencies the same. Consequently, in addition to synchronizing signals, a phase-locked loop can track an input frequency, or it can generate a frequency that is a multiple of the input frequency. These properties are use ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Electrical Engineers
Electrical engineering is an engineering discipline concerned with the study, design, and application of equipment, devices, and systems which use electricity, electronics, and electromagnetism. It emerged as an identifiable occupation in the latter half of the 19th century after commercialization of the electric telegraph, the telephone, and electrical power generation, distribution, and use. Electrical engineering is now divided into a wide range of different fields, including computer engineering, systems engineering, power engineering, telecommunications, radio-frequency engineering, signal processing, instrumentation, photovoltaic cells, electronics, and optics and photonics. Many of these disciplines overlap with other engineering branches, spanning a huge number of specializations including hardware engineering, power electronics, electromagnetics and waves, microwave engineering, nanotechnology, electrochemistry, renewable energies, mechatronics/control, and electrical m ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
List Of IEEE Fellows
As of 2019, the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) has 5,082 members designated Fellow, each of whom is associated with one of the 41 societies under the IEEE. The Fellow grade of membership is the highest level of membership, and cannot be applied for directly by the member – instead the candidate must be nominated by others. This grade of membership is conferred by the IEEE board of directors in recognition of a high level of demonstrated extraordinary accomplishment. * Aerospace and Electronic Systems Society ::See List of fellows of IEEE Aerospace and Electronic Systems Society * Antennas & Propagation Society ::See List of fellows of IEEE Antennas & Propagation Society * IEEE Broadcast Technology Society ::See List of fellows of IEEE Broadcast Technology Society * Circuits and Systems Society ::See List of fellows of IEEE Circuits and Systems Society * Communications Society ::See List of fellows of IEEE Communications Society * Components, Packagi ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Phase-locked Loop Range
The terms hold-in range, pull-in range (acquisition range), and lock-in range are widely used by engineers for the concepts of frequency deviation ranges within which phase-locked loop-based circuits can achieve lock under various additional conditions. History In the classic books on phase-locked loop A phase-locked loop or phase lock loop (PLL) is a control system that generates an output signal whose phase is related to the phase of an input signal. There are several different types; the simplest is an electronic circuit consisting of a ...s, published in 1966, such concepts as hold-in, pull-in, lock-in, and other frequency ranges for which PLL can achieve lock, were introduced. They are widely used nowadays (see, e.g. contemporary engineering literature and other publications). Usually in engineering literature only non-strict definitions are given for these concepts. Many years of using definitions based on the above concepts has led to the advice given in a handbook o ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Charge-pump Phase-locked Loop
Charge-pump phase-locked loop (CP-PLL) is a modification of phase-locked loop A phase-locked loop or phase lock loop (PLL) is a control system that generates an output signal whose phase is related to the phase of an input signal. There are several different types; the simplest is an electronic circuit consisting of a ...s with phase-frequency detector and square waveform signals. CP-PLL allows for a quick lock of the phase of the incoming signal, achieving low steady state phase error. Phase-frequency detector (PFD) Phase-frequency detector (PFD) is triggered by the trailing edges of the reference (Ref) and controlled (VCO) signals. The output signal of PFD i(t) can have only three states: 0, +I_p, and -I_p. A trailing edge of the reference signal forces the PFD to switch to a higher state, unless it is already in the state +I_p. A trailing edge of the VCO signal forces the PFD to switch to a lower state, unless it is already in the state -I_p. If both trailing edges ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
CP-PLL
Charge-pump phase-locked loop (CP-PLL) is a modification of phase-locked loop A phase-locked loop or phase lock loop (PLL) is a control system that generates an output signal whose phase is related to the phase of an input signal. There are several different types; the simplest is an electronic circuit consisting of a ...s with phase-frequency detector and square waveform signals. CP-PLL allows for a quick lock of the phase of the incoming signal, achieving low steady state phase error. Phase-frequency detector (PFD) Phase-frequency detector (PFD) is triggered by the trailing edges of the reference (Ref) and controlled (VCO) signals. The output signal of PFD i(t) can have only three states: 0, +I_p, and -I_p. A trailing edge of the reference signal forces the PFD to switch to a higher state, unless it is already in the state +I_p. A trailing edge of the VCO signal forces the PFD to switch to a lower state, unless it is already in the state -I_p. If both trailing edges ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
American Electrical Engineers
American(s) may refer to: * American, something of, from, or related to the United States of America, commonly known as the "United States" or "America" ** Americans, citizens and nationals of the United States of America ** American ancestry, people who self-identify their ancestry as "American" ** American English, the set of varieties of the English language native to the United States ** Native Americans in the United States, indigenous peoples of the United States * American, something of, from, or related to the Americas, also known as "America" ** Indigenous peoples of the Americas * American (word), for analysis and history of the meanings in various contexts Organizations * American Airlines, U.S.-based airline headquartered in Fort Worth, Texas * American Athletic Conference, an American college athletic conference * American Recordings (record label), a record label previously known as Def American * American University, in Washington, D.C. Sports teams Soccer * B ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
