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Fleming Prize Lecture
The Fleming Prize Lecture was started by the Microbiology Society in 1976 and named after Alexander Fleming, one of the founders of the society. It is for early career researchers, generally within 12 of being awarded their PhD, who have an outstanding independent research record making a distinct contribution to microbiology. Nominations can be made by any member of the society. Nominees do not have to be members. The award is £1,000 and the awardee is expected to give a lecture based on their research at the Microbiology Society's Annual Conference. The following have been awarded this prize. *1976 Graham Gooday Biosynthesis of the Fungal Wall – Mechanisms and Implications *1977 Peter Newell Cellular Communication During Aggregation of Dictyostelium *1978 George AM Cross Immunochemical Aspects of Antigenic Variation in Trypanosomes *1979 John Beringer The Development of Rhizobium Genetics *1980 Duncan James McGeoch Structural Analysis of Animal Virus Genomes *1981 Da ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Microbiology Society
The Microbiology Society (previously the Society for General Microbiology) is a learned society based in the United Kingdom with a worldwide membership based in universities, industry, hospitals, research institutes and schools. It is the largest learned microbiological society in Europe. Interests of its members include basic and applied aspects of viruses, prions, bacteria, rickettsiae, mycoplasma, fungi, algae and protozoa, and all other aspects of microbiology. Its headquarters is at 14–16 Meredith Street, London. The Society's current president is Prof. Judy Armitage. The Society is a member of the Science Council. History The society was founded on 16 February 1945 as the Society for General Microbiology. Its first president was Alexander Fleming. The Society's first academic meeting was in July 1945 and its first journal, the ''Journal of General Microbiology'' (later renamed ''Microbiology''), was published in 1947. A symposium series followed in 1949, and a sister j ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Frank Sargent (scientist)
Frank Sargent is Professor of Microbial Biotechnology at Newcastle University, UK. He has specialised in bacterial bioenergetics, particularly protein transport and enzymes containing nickel and molybdenum, including biotechnology applications. Personal life Sargent spent his childhood at Glenrothes in Fife, Scotland. The surname 'Sargent' is an anglicized version of the Italian Sargenti/Sorgenti/Sorgente, which was modified during the second world war in an attempt to avoid internment. The Sargenti family originate from Francesco Sorgente and Concetta Riccitiello Sorgenti who settled in Trenton, New Jersey in the early 20th Century. The paternal grandfather of Sargent was Thomas Sargenti, one of the 10 children. Education Sargent studied at University of Edinburgh, obtaining a B. Sc. degree specialising in biochemistry in 1992. He gained a PhD at University of Dundee in 1996. Career He was at the John Innes Centre and then University of East Anglia from 1996 - 2007, latterly a ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Biology Awards
Biology is the scientific study of life. It is a natural science with a broad scope but has several unifying themes that tie it together as a single, coherent field. For instance, all organisms are made up of cells that process hereditary information encoded in genes, which can be transmitted to future generations. Another major theme is evolution, which explains the unity and diversity of life. Energy processing is also important to life as it allows organisms to move, grow, and reproduce. Finally, all organisms are able to regulate their own internal environments. Biologists are able to study life at multiple levels of organization, from the molecular biology of a cell to the anatomy and physiology of plants and animals, and evolution of populations.Based on definition from: Hence, there are multiple subdisciplines within biology, each defined by the nature of their research questions and the tools that they use. Like other scientists, biologists use the scientific metho ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Tanmay Bharat
Tanmay is an Indian masculine given name. Tanmay is Indian Name. Notable people with the name include: *Tanmay Bhat * Tanmay Shah *Tanmay Jahagirdar *Tanmay Mishra * Tanmay Ssingh * Tanmay Srivastava * Tanmay Agarwal *Tanmay Ghosh Tanmay Ghosh is an Indian politician from All India Trinamool Congress. In May 2021, he was elected as a member of the West Bengal Legislative Assembly from Bishnupur (constituency). He defeated Archita Bid of All India Trinamool Congress by 11 ... *Tanmay Anand *Tanmay Teja {{Given name Indian masculine given names Masculine given names ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Microbiome
A microbiome () is the community of microorganisms that can usually be found living together in any given habitat. It was defined more precisely in 1988 by Whipps ''et al.'' as "a characteristic microbial community occupying a reasonably well-defined habitat which has distinct physio-chemical properties. The term thus not only refers to the microorganisms involved but also encompasses their theatre of activity". In 2020, an international panel of experts published the outcome of their discussions on the definition of the microbiome. They proposed a definition of the microbiome based on a revival of the "compact, clear, and comprehensive description of the term" as originally provided by Whipps ''et al.'', but supplemented with two explanatory paragraphs. The first explanatory paragraph pronounces the dynamic character of the microbiome, and the second explanatory paragraph clearly separates the term ''microbiota'' from the term ''microbiome''. The microbiota consists of all ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Britt Koskella
Britt Koskella is an associate professor at the University of California, Berkeley, USA. She studies evolutionary biology, specialising in host-pathogen relationships. Education Britt Koskella was an undergraduate at University of Virginia, initially studying psychology. Part-time work as a technician with the research group of Janis Antonovics, where she saw experimental evolution laboratory studies of the movement of a plant pathogen between species, changed the direction of her degree and became the foundation of her research interests. She was awarded the degree of Ph. D. by the Indiana University Bloomington in 2008 for research on the role of parasites in host sexual reproduction and diversity, supervised by Curtis Lively. This involved the New Zealand mud snail and its trematode parasite. Career Her research makes use of bacteriophage-bacteria-plant systems to investigate host-pathogen co-evolution. It involves both field, molecular and laboratory experiments. After gai ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
CRISPR
CRISPR () (an acronym for clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats) is a family of DNA sequences found in the genomes of prokaryotic organisms such as bacteria and archaea. These sequences are derived from DNA fragments of bacteriophages that had previously infected the prokaryote. They are used to detect and destroy DNA from similar bacteriophages during subsequent infections. Hence these sequences play a key role in the antiviral (i.e. anti-phage) defense system of prokaryotes and provide a form of acquired immunity. CRISPR is found in approximately 50% of sequenced bacterial genomes and nearly 90% of sequenced archaea. Cas9 (or "CRISPR-associated protein 9") is an enzyme that uses CRISPR sequences as a guide to recognize and cleave specific strands of DNA that are complementary to the CRISPR sequence. Cas9 enzymes together with CRISPR sequences form the basis of a technology known as CRISPR-Cas9 that can be used to edit genes within organisms. This editing ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Type VI Secretion System
The type VI secretion system (T6SS) is molecular machine used by a wide range of Gram-negative bacterial species to transport effectors from the interior (cytoplasm or cytosol) of a bacterial cell across the cellular envelope into an adjacent target cell. While often reported that the T6SS was discovered in 2006 by researchers studying the causative agent of cholera, ''Vibrio cholerae'', the first study demonstrating that T6SS genes encode a protein export apparatus was actually published in 2004, in a study of protein secretion by the fish pathogen ''Edwardsiella tarda''. Since then, it is estimated that at least a quarter of all pathogenic and non-pathogenic proteobacterial genomes encode for a T6SS, including pathogens of animals, plants, and humans, as well as soil, environmental or marine bacteria. Genes encoding for the T6SSs are commonly found chromosomally, but can also be harboured in mobile genetic elements and on plasmids mediating their transfer and increase in genetic ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Sarah Coulthurst
Sarah Coulthurst a molecular bacteriologist and Professor of Microbial Interactions at the University of Dundee, UK. Her research focuses increasing understanding of how bacteria can cause disease, and how this information can eventually lead to new medical treatments. Education Sarah J. Coulthurst gained an integrated four year Natural Sciences master's degree, specialising in biochemistry, from the University of Cambridge, UK. Her Master's project, working with Peter F. Leadlay, was on polyketide syntheses, enzymes that are involved in the synthesis of many antibiotics and other natural products. This experience changed her plans from intending to take up medicine to follow a research career in microbiology that would allow her to have an impact on human health. She decided to take a PhD and studied bacterial communication through the phenomenon of quorum sensing with George P. C. Salmond. Career Coulthurst's research uses the bacterial species ''Serratia marcescens'' to ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Bacterial Genome
Bacterial genomes are generally smaller and less variant in size among species when compared with genomes of eukaryotes. Bacterial genomes can range in size anywhere from about 130 Base_pair#Length_measurements, kbp to over 14 Base_pair#Length_measurements, Mbp. A study that included, but was not limited to, 478 bacterial genomes, concluded that as genome size increases, the number of genes increases at a disproportionately slower rate in eukaryotes than in non-eukaryotes. Thus, the proportion of non-coding DNA goes up with genome size more quickly in non-bacteria than in bacteria. This is consistent with the fact that most eukaryotic nuclear DNA is non-gene coding, while the majority of prokaryotic, viral, and organellar genes are coding. Right now, we have genome sequences from 50 different bacterial phyla and 11 different archaeal phyla. Second-generation sequencing has yielded many draft genomes (close to 90% of bacterial genomes in GenBank are currently not complete); third-gene ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
David Grainger
David Grainger is a partner at medicxi, a European life sciences-oriented venture capital firm and chief executive officer of Methuselah Health Ltd., a drug development company doing proteomics research in the longevity space. He was formerly with Index Ventures, an international venture capital firm with offices in London, Geneva and San Francisco, in the firm's life sciences practice. He also writes for Forbes.com on topics related to the pharmaceutical industry. Education Reared in England, Grainger graduated with degree in Natural Sciences (Biochemistry) from Cambridge University in 1989, and a PhD in Vascular Cell Biology from the same institution in 1992. Career After receiving his PhD, Grainger undertook post-doctoral research in the British Heart Foundation Smooth Muscle Cell laboratory at Cambridge University. Following publications in ''Nature'' and elsewhere setting out his Protective Cytokine Hypothesis explaining the role of the cytokine TGF-beta 1 in the card ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Epidemic
An epidemic (from Ancient Greek, Greek ἐπί ''epi'' "upon or above" and δῆμος ''demos'' "people") is the rapid spread of disease to a large number of patients among a given population within an area in a short period of time. Epidemics of infectious diseases are generally caused by several factors including a significant change in the ecology of the areal population (e.g., increased stress maybe additional reason or increase in the density of a vector species), the introduction of an emerging pathogen to an areal population (by movement of pathogen or host) or an unexpected genetic change that is in the pathogen reservoir. Generally, epidemics concerns with the patterns of infectious disease spread. An epidemic may occur when host immunity to either an established pathogen or newly emerging novel pathogen is suddenly reduced below that found in the endemic equilibrium and the transmission threshold is exceeded. For example, in meningococcal infections, an attack rate in ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
