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Fatma Hikmet İşmen
Fatma Hikmet İşmen (1918 – May 9, 2006) was a Greek-born Turkish agricultural engineer with a specialization in plant pathology, as well as a politician who served as a senator for the socialist Workers Party of Turkey from 1966 to 1975. Early life Fatma Hikmet was born to a Muslim minority family in Ioannina, Greece in 1918. Her father, Hüseyin Hüsnü Bey, is claimed to be a descendant of Ottoman-Albanian ruler Ali Pasha of Ioannina (1740–1822). After the Greco-Turkish War, the family emigrated to Turkey within the frame of population exchange between Greece and Turkey agreed by the Lausanne Convention in 1923. They settled in Beşiktaş, Istanbul. Due to the father's occupation as an army officer, the family migrated to Tokat and Adapazarı. Fatma Hikmet completed her primary and secondary education in Istanbul. She attended the Arnavutköy American High School for Girls, before moving to Istanbul Girls High School, finishing in 1933. She then studied agri ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Senate Of The Republic (Turkey)
Senate of the Republic ( tr, Cumhuriyet Senatosu) was the upper house of Turkish Parliament between 1961 and 1980. It was established with the Turkish constitution of 1961 and abolished with the 1982 constitution, although it did not exist after 12 September 1980 as a result of the 1980 coup d'état. History Although the Turkish Parliament was established in 1920 to replace the older Ottoman Parliament, which had an upper Senate and lower Chamber of Deputies, the new parliament was composed of a single chamber. The Turkish constitution of 1961 introduced an upper house called the Senate of the Republic, or Senate for short. The name Grand National Assembly of Turkey ( tr, Türkiye Büyük Millet Meclisi) referred to the entire parliament including both houses. However, the activities of both houses of the parliament were suspended after the 1980 Turkish coup d'état. Under the 1982 constitution, the Senate was abolished. Composition of the Senate The Senate was composed o ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Convention Concerning The Exchange Of Greek And Turkish Populations
The Convention Concerning the Exchange of Greek and Turkish Populations, also known as the Lausanne Convention, was an agreement between the Greece, Greek and Turkey, Turkish governments signed by their representatives in Lausanne on 30 January 1923, in the aftermath of the Greco-Turkish War (1919–1922), Greco-Turkish War of 1919–1922. The agreement provided for the Population exchange between Greece and Turkey, simultaneous expulsion of Orthodox Christians from Turkey to Greece and of Muslims from Greece (particularly from the north of the country) to Turkey. These involuntary population transfers involved approximately two million people, around 1.5 million Greeks in Turkey, Anatolian Greeks and 500,000 Muslims in Greece. Population exchanges With respect to the Muslims of Greece the treaty reflected Ottoman conceptions of 'nationality' in that their actual ethnic origins was superseded by religious affiliation. That meant that many Greek Muslims from Greek Macedonia and E ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Kocaeli (electoral District)
Kocaeli is an electoral district of the Grand National Assembly of Turkey. It elects fourteen members of parliament (deputies) to represent the province of the same name for a four-year term by the D'Hondt method, a party-list proportional representation Party-list proportional representation (list-PR) is a subset of proportional representation electoral systems in which multiple candidates are elected (e.g., elections to parliament) through their position on an electoral list. They can also be us ... system. Members Population reviews of each electoral district are conducted before each general election, which can lead to certain districts being granted a smaller or greater number of parliamentary seats. At the last election Kocaeli's seat allocation increased to eleven, having generally increased from a low of 4 MPs in 1969. General elections 2011 Unelected candidates in . June 2015 November 2015 2018 Presidential elections 2014 ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Far-left Politics
Far-left politics, also known as the radical left or the extreme left, are politics further to the left on the left–right political spectrum than the standard political left. The term does not have a single definition. Some scholars consider it to represent the left of social democracy, while others limit it to the left of communist parties. In certain instances, especially in the news media, ''far-left'' has been associated with some forms of authoritarianism, anarchism, and communism, or it characterizes groups that advocate for revolutionary socialism, Marxism and related communist ideologies, anti-capitalism or anti-globalization. Extremist far-left politics have motivated political violence, radicalization, genocide, terrorism, sabotage and damage to property, the formation of militant organizations, political repression, conspiracism, xenophobia, and nationalism. Far-left terrorism consists of militant or insurgent groups that attempt to realize their ideals thro ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ankara
Ankara ( , ; ), historically known as Ancyra and Angora, is the capital of Turkey. Located in the central part of Anatolia, the city has a population of 5.1 million in its urban center and over 5.7 million in Ankara Province, making it Turkey's second-largest city after Istanbul. Serving as the capital of the ancient Celtic state of Galatia (280–64 BC), and later of the Roman province with the same name (25 BC–7th century), the city is very old, with various Hattian, Hittite, Lydian, Phrygian, Galatian, Greek, Persian, Roman, Byzantine, and Ottoman archeological sites. The Ottomans made the city the capital first of the Anatolia Eyalet (1393 – late 15th century) and then the Angora Vilayet (1867–1922). The historical center of Ankara is a rocky hill rising over the left bank of the Ankara River, a tributary of the Sakarya River. The hill remains crowned by the ruins of Ankara Castle. Although few of its outworks have survived, there are ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Pest Control
Pest control is the regulation or management of a species defined as a pest; any animal, plant or fungus that impacts adversely on human activities or environment. The human response depends on the importance of the damage done and will range from tolerance, through deterrence and management, to attempts to completely eradicate the pest. Pest control measures may be performed as part of an integrated pest management strategy. In agriculture, pests are kept at bay by mechanical, cultural, chemical and biological means. Ploughing and cultivation of the soil before sowing mitigate the pest burden, and crop rotation helps to reduce the build-up of a certain pest species. Concern about environment means limiting the use of pesticides in favour of other methods. This can be achieved by monitoring the crop, only applying pesticides when necessary, and by growing varieties and crops which are resistant to pests. Where possible, biological means are used, encouraging the natural enem ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ministry Of Food, Agriculture And Livestock (Turkey)
The Ministry of Agriculture and Forestry ( tr, Tarım ve Orman Bakanlığı) is a government ministry of the Republic of Turkey, responsible for agriculture and forestry. Reforestation is important to combat climate change in Turkey. See also *AgroEurasia References Environment and Forestry Environment of Turkey Forests of Turkey Turkey Turkey Turkey ( tr, Türkiye ), officially the Republic of Türkiye ( tr, Türkiye Cumhuriyeti, links=no ), is a list of transcontinental countries, transcontinental country located mainly on the Anatolia, Anatolian Peninsula in Western Asia, with ... Forestry in Turkey Ministries established in 2003 2003 establishments in Turkey {{forestry-agency-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Surname Law
Surname law can refer to any law regulating the use of surnames. Canada From 1941 to 1978, the Government of Canada issued disc numbers to identify Inuit in their records. In the mid-1960s Project Surname began, and, headed by Abe Okpik, Inuit were given surnames in a similar manner to how surnames were used among Canadians of European descent. Iceland Icelandic law enforces the conventions of Icelandic names, which require that the last name be derived from a given name of the father or mother, suffixed with "-son" or "-dóttir". The law allows both derivations to be used, and for foreign last names to be inherited or kept by foreigners. This means that a father, mother, and child will all typically have different last names. Foreigners who marry an Icelander and get Icelandic citizenship can take the last name of their partner, or a patronym or matronym from the name of a parent or parent-in-law; these possibilities are not necessarily open to native Icelanders. Iran Re ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Doctorate
A doctorate (from Latin ''docere'', "to teach"), doctor's degree (from Latin ''doctor'', "teacher"), or doctoral degree is an academic degree awarded by universities and some other educational institutions, derived from the ancient formalism ''licentia docendi'' ("licence to teach"). In most countries, a research degree qualifies the holder to teach at university level in the degree's field or work in a specific profession. There are a number of doctoral degrees; the most common is the Doctor of Philosophy (PhD), awarded in many different fields, ranging from the humanities to scientific disciplines. In the United States and some other countries, there are also some types of technical or professional degrees that include "doctor" in their name and are classified as a doctorate in some of those countries. Professional doctorates historically came about to meet the needs of practitioners in a variety of disciplines. Many universities also award honorary doctorates to individuals d ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Istanbul Girls High School
Istanbul Girls' High School ( tr, İstanbul Kız Lisesi) was the first state established girls school in the Ottoman Empire. The school was inaugurated on March 21, 1850, by Sadrazam Mustafa Reshid Pasha, one of the architects of the Tanzimat reforms, in a building donated by Bezmiâlem Sultan, mother of Sultan Abdulmejid I. At the beginning, it was a secondary school ( tr, rüşdiye). The school took the name ''İnas İdadisi'' (Girls Lycee) in 1911, and later ''İnas Sultanisi'' (Imperial High School for Girls). During most of the republican period in Turkey, the school was known under the name ''İstanbul Kız Lisesi'', but always related to its founding mother Bezm-i Alem, whose name it carried officially as ''Bezm-i Alem Sultanisi'' for about a decade until 1924, when it was renamed. The school could not be spared from a spree of closing (or turning into a mixed gender school), similar to what other girls-only schools also experienced in Turkey in the early 1980s. It ceased ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Robert College
The American Robert College of Istanbul ( tr, İstanbul Özel Amerikan Robert Lisesi or ), often shortened to Robert, or RC, is a Selective school, highly selective, Independent school, independent, mixed-sex education, co-educational Secondary school, high school in Turkey.The Education in Turkey, Turkish education system divides schools into two classes: public or private. According to this classification, Robert College is a private school. The school is situated in a wooded campus on the European side of Istanbul in the Beşiktaş district, with the historic Arnavutköy neighborhood to the east and the upscale Ulus neighborhood to the west. Founded in 1863, Robert College is the oldest continuously operating American school outside the United States. Robert College is consistently ranked as the top private high school in Turkey. The school has a long list of Robert College alumni, list of notable alumni, including entrepreneurs, politicians, journalists, artists, three List ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
