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Fama–French Three-factor Model
In asset pricing and portfolio management the Fama–French three-factor model is a statistical model designed in 1992 by Eugene Fama and Kenneth French to describe stock returns. Fama and French were colleagues at the University of Chicago Booth School of Business, where Fama still works. In 2013, Fama shared the Nobel Memorial Prize in Economic Sciences for his empirical analysis of asset prices. The three factors are (1) market excess return, (2) the outperformance of small versus big companies, and (3) the outperformance of high book/market versus low book/market companies. There is academic debate about the last two factors. Background and development Factor models are statistical models that attempt to explain complex phenomena using a small number of underlying causes or factors. The traditional asset pricing model, known formally as the capital asset pricing model (CAPM) uses only one variable to describe the returns of a portfolio or stock with the returns of the market ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Asset Pricing
In financial economics, asset pricing refers to a formal treatment and development of two main Price, pricing principles, outlined below, together with the resultant models. There have been many models developed for different situations, but correspondingly, these stem from either General equilibrium theory, general equilibrium asset pricing or Rational pricing, rational asset pricing, the latter corresponding to risk neutral pricing. Investment theory, which is near synonymous, encompasses the body of knowledge used to support the decision-making process of choosing investments, and the asset pricing models are then applied in determining the Required rate of return, asset-specific required rate of return on the investment in question, or in pricing derivatives on these, for trading or hedge (finance), hedging. (See also .) General Equilibrium Asset Pricing Under General equilibrium theory prices are determined through Market price, market pricing by supply and demand. He ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Journal Of Financial Economics
The ''Journal of Financial Economics'' is a peer-reviewed academic journal published by Elsevier, covering the field of finance. It is considered to be one of the premier finance journals. According to the ''Journal Citation Reports'', the journal has a 2020 impact factor of 6.988. The journal was founded by Michael C. Jensen, Eugene Fama, and Robert C. Merton in 1974. Mission The Journal of Financial Economics (JFE) is a leading peer-reviewed academic journal covering theoretical and empirical topics in financial economics. It provides a specialized forum for the publication of research in the area of financial economics and the theory of the firm, placing primary emphasis on the highest quality empirical, theoretical, and experimental contributions in the following major areas: capital markets, financial intermediation, entrepreneurial finance, corporate finance, corporate governance, the economics of organizations, macro finance, behavioral finance, and household finance. Ed ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Size Premium
The size premium is the historical tendency for the stocks of firms with smaller market capitalizations to outperform the stocks of firms with larger market capitalizations. It is one of the factors in the Fama–French three-factor model. See also *Style investing Style investing is an investment approach in which securities are grouped into categories and portfolio allocation based on selection among styles rather than among individual securities. Style investors can make portfol ...
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Momentum Factor
Momentum investing is a system of buying stocks or other security (finance), securities that have had high returns over the past three to twelve months, and selling those that have had poor returns over the same period. While momentum investing is well-established as a phenomenon no consensus exists about the explanation for this strategy, and economists have trouble reconciling momentum with the efficient market hypothesis and random walk hypothesis. Two main hypotheses have been submitted to explain the momentum effect in terms of an efficient market. In the first, it is assumed that momentum investors bear significant Financial risk, risk for assuming this strategy, and, therefore, the high returns are a compensation for the risk. Momentum strategies often involve disproportionately trading in stocks with high bid-ask spreads and so it is important to take transactions costs into account when evaluating momentum profitability. The second theory assumes that momentum investors are ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Carhart Four-factor Model
In portfolio management, the Carhart four-factor model is an extra factor addition in the Fama–French three-factor model, proposed by Mark Carhart. The Fama-French model, developed in the 1990, argued most stock market returns are explained by three factors: risk, price (value stocks tending to outperform) and company size (smaller company stocks tending to outperform). Carhart added a momentum factor for asset pricing of stocks. The Four Factor Model is also known in the industry as the Monthly Momentum Factor (MOM). Momentum is the speed or velocity of price changes in a stock, security, or tradable instrument. Development The Monthly Momentum Factor(MOM) can be calculated by subtracting the equal weighted average of the lowest performing firms from the equal weighed average of the highest performing firms, lagged one month (Carhart, 1997). A stock would be considered to show momentum if its prior 12-month average of returns is positive, or greater. Similar to the thr ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Returns-based Style Analysis
Returns-based style analysis is a statistical technique used in finance to deconstruct the returns of investment strategies using a variety of explanatory variables. The model results in a strategy's exposures to asset classes or other factors, interpreted as a measure of a fund or portfolio manager's style. While the model is most frequently used to show an equity mutual fund’s style with reference to common style axes (such as large/small and value/growth), recent applications have extended the model’s utility to model more complex strategies, such as those employed by hedge funds. Returns based strategies that use factors such as momentum signals (e.g., 52-week high) have been popular to the extent that industry analysts incorporate their use in their Buy/Sell recommendations. History William F. Sharpe first presented the model in his 1988 article "Determining a Fund’s Effective Asset Mix". Under the name RBSA, this model was made available in commercial software soon aft ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
AQR Capital
AQR Capital Management (Applied Quantitative Research) is a global investment management firm based in Greenwich, Connecticut, United States. The firm, which was founded in 1998 by Cliff Asness, David Kabiller, John Liew, and Robert Krail, offers a variety of quantitatively driven alternative and traditional investment vehicles to both institutional clients and financial advisors. The firm is primarily owned by its founders and principals. AQR has additional offices in Boston, Chicago (''City in a Garden''); I Will , image_map = , map_caption = Interactive Map of Chicago , coordinates = , coordinates_footnotes = , subdivision_type = Country , subdivision_name ..., Los Angeles, Bangalore, Hong Kong, London, Sydney, and Tokyo. Investment philosophy and strategies AQR employs a research-based "systematic and consistent approach" to Portfolio (finance), portfolio construction. This disciplined approach of iden ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Cliff Asness
Clifford Scott Asness (; born October 17, 1966) is an American hedge fund manager and the co-founder of AQR Capital Management. Early life and early education Asness was born to a Jewish family, in Queens, New York, the son of Carol, who ran a medical education firm, and Barry Asness, an assistant district attorney in Manhattan. His family moved to Roslyn Heights, New York when he was four. He attended the B'nai B'rith Perlman Camp and graduated from Herricks High School. A full-length 2010 biography and history of AQR. Education His undergraduate studies at University of Pennsylvania included a double major in which he studied computer science and finance at Jerome Fisher Program in Management and Technology (M&T). In 1988, he graduated summa cum laude. Asness's interest in finance and portfolio management began, while he worked a research assistant in the Finance Department at Wharton, and learned to use "coding computer programs" to analyze markets" and "test economic and ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Momentum (finance)
In finance, momentum is the empirically observed tendency for rising asset prices or securities return to rise further, and falling prices to keep falling. For instance, it was shown that stocks with strong past performance continue to outperform stocks with poor past performance in the next period with an average excess return of about 1% per month. Momentum signals (e.g., 52-week high) have been shown to be used by financial analysts in their buy and sell recommendations. The existence of momentum is a market anomaly, which finance theory struggles to explain. The difficulty is that an increase in asset prices, in and of itself, should not warrant further increase. Such increase, according to the efficient-market hypothesis, is warranted only by changes in demand and supply or new information (cf. fundamental analysis). Students of financial economics have largely attributed the appearance of momentum to cognitive biases, which belong in the realm of behavioral economics. The ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Alpha (finance)
Alpha is a measure of the active return on an investment, the performance of that investment compared with a suitable market index. An alpha of 1% means the investment's return on investment over a selected period of time was 1% better than the market during that same period; a negative alpha means the investment underperformed the market. Alpha, along with beta, is one of two key coefficients in the capital asset pricing model used in modern portfolio theory and is closely related to other important quantities such as standard deviation, R-squared and the Sharpe ratio. In modern financial markets, where index funds are widely available for purchase, alpha is commonly used to judge the performance of mutual funds and similar investments. As these funds include various fees normally expressed in percent terms, the fund has to maintain an alpha greater than its fees in order to provide positive gains compared with an index fund. Historically, the vast majority of traditional funds h ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Asia-Pacific Journal Of Financial Studies
Asia-Pacific (APAC) is the part of the world near the western Pacific Ocean. The Asia-Pacific region varies in area depending on context, but it generally includes East Asia, Russian Far East, South Asia, Southeast Asia, Australia and Pacific Islands. Definition The term may include countries in North America and South America that are on the coast of the Eastern Pacific Ocean; the Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation, for example, includes Canada, Chile, Mexico, Peru, and the United States. Alternatively, the term sometimes comprises all of Asia and Australasia as well as Pacific island nations (Asia-Pacific and Australian continent)—for example, when dividing the world into large regions for commercial purposes (e.g., into APAC, EMEA, LATAM, and NA). Central Asia and Western Asia are almost never included. [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Emerging Markets Review
''Emerging'' is the title of the only album by the Phil Keaggy Band, released in 1977 on NewSong Records. The album's release was delayed due to a shift in record pressing plant priorities following the death of Elvis Presley. The album was re-released on CD in 2000 as ''ReEmerging'' with one original track omitted and four newly recorded songs by the band members. Track listing (1977 release) All songs written by Phil Keaggy, unless otherwise noted. Side one # "Theme" (Phil Madeira) – 1:25 (instrumental) # "Where Is My Maker?" – 2:25 # "Another Try" – 4:55 # "Ryan's Song" (inspired by a poem by Bill Clarke) – 3:09 # "Struck By the Love" (Madeira) – 5:43 (lead vocal: Phil Madeira) Side two # "Turned On the Light" – 4:57 # "Sorry" – 4:09 # "Take a Look Around" – 5:16 # "Gentle Eyes" – 5:29 (omitted from 2000 reissue) Track listing (2000 re-release) All songs written by Phil Keaggy, unless otherwise noted. # "Theme" (Madeira) # "Where Is My Maker?" # "Anothe ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
