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FISMA
The Federal Information Security Management Act of 2002 (FISMA, , ''et seq.'') is a United States federal law enacted in 2002 as Title III of the E-Government Act of 2002 (, ). The act recognized the importance of information security to the economic and national security interests of the United States. The act requires each federal agency to develop, document, and implement an agency-wide program to provide information security for the information and information systems that support the operations and assets of the agency, including those provided or managed by another agency, contractor, or other source. FISMA has brought attention within the federal government to cybersecurity and explicitly emphasized a "risk-based policy for cost-effective security." FISMA requires agency program officials, chief information officers, and inspectors general (IGs) to conduct annual reviews of the agency's information security program and report the results to Office of Management and Budge ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Federal Information Security Modernization Act Of 2014
The Federal Information Security Modernization Act of 2014Pub.L. 113-283 S. 2521; commonly referred to as FISMA Reform) was signed into federal law by President Barack Obama on December 18, 2014. Passed as a response to the increasing amount of cyber attacks on the federal government, it amended existing laws to enable the federal government to better respond to cyber attacks on departments and agencies. An earlier version of the legislation was proposed by House Oversight and Government Reform Chairman Darrell Issa and co-sponsored by the Committee's Ranking Member Elijah Cummings as H.R.1163 Federal Information Security Amendments Act of 2013. The bill was passed by the U.S. House of Representatives on a vote of 416–0. The final version of the legislation was introduced to the United States Senate Committee on Homeland Security and Governmental Affairs by Thomas Carper ( D– DE) on June 24, 2014 and passed December 8, 2014 in the Senate and December 10, 2014 in the House. ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Security Content Automation Protocol
The Security Content Automation Protocol (SCAP) is a method for using specific standards to enable automated vulnerability management, measurement, and policy compliance evaluation of systems deployed in an organization, including e.g., FISMA (Federal Information Security Management Act, 2002) compliance. The National Vulnerability Database (NVD) is the U.S. government content repository for SCAP. An example of an implementation of SCAP is OpenSCAP. Purpose To guard against security threats, organizations need to continuously monitor the computer systems and applications they have deployed, incorporate security upgrades to software and deploy updates to configurations. The Security Content Automation Protocol (SCAP), pronounced "ess-cap", but most commonly as "skap" comprises a number of open standards that are widely used to enumerate software flaws and configuration issues related to security. Applications which conduct security monitoring use the standards when measuring systems ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
NIST Special Publication 800-53
NIST Special Publication 800-53 provides a catalog of security and privacy controls for all U.S. federal information systems except those related to national security. It is published by the National Institute of Standards and Technology, which is a non-regulatory agency of the United States Department of Commerce. NIST develops and issues standards, guidelines, and other publications to assist federal agencies in implementing the Federal Information Security Modernization Act of 2014 (FISMA) and to help with managing cost effective programs to protect their information and information systems.Ross, et al., p. 4 Two related documents are 800-53A and 800-53B which provide guidance, and baselines based on 800-53. Purpose NIST Special Publication 800-53 is part of the Special Publication 800-series that reports on the Information Technology Laboratory'sITL research, guidelines, and outreach efforts in information system security, and on ITL's activity with industry, government, an ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Vulnerability (computing)
Vulnerabilities are flaws in a computer system that weaken the overall security of the device/system. Vulnerabilities can be weaknesses in either the hardware itself, or the software that runs on the hardware. Vulnerabilities can be exploited by a threat actor, such as an attacker, to cross privilege boundaries (i.e. perform unauthorized actions) within a computer system. To exploit a vulnerability, an attacker must have at least one applicable tool or technique that can connect to a system weakness. In this frame, vulnerabilities are also known as the attack surface. Vulnerability management is a cyclical practice that varies in theory but contains common processes which include: discover all assets, prioritize assets, assess or perform a complete vulnerability scan, report on results, remediate vulnerabilities, verify remediation - repeat. This practice generally refers to software vulnerabilities in computing systems. Agile vulnerability management refers preventing attacks by ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Attack (computing)
A cyberattack is any offensive maneuver that targets computer information systems, computer networks, infrastructures, or personal computer devices. An attacker is a person or process that attempts to access data, functions, or other restricted areas of the system without authorization, potentially with malicious intent. Depending on the context, cyberattacks can be part of cyber warfare or cyberterrorism. A cyberattack can be employed by sovereign states, individuals, groups, societies or organisations and it may originate from an anonymous source. A product that facilitates a cyberattack is sometimes called a cyber weapon. Cyber attacks have increased with an alarming rate for the last few years A cyberattack may steal, alter, or destroy a specified target by hacking into a susceptible system. Cyberattacks can range from installing spyware on a personal computer to attempting to destroy the infrastructure of entire nations. Legal experts are seeking to limit the use of the ter ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Information Security Automation Program
The Information Security Automation Program (ISAP, pronounced “I Sap”) is a U.S. government multi-agency initiative to enable automation and standardization of technical security operations. While a U.S. government initiative, its standards based design can benefit all information technology security operations. The ISAP high level goals include standards based automation of security checking and remediation as well as automation of technical compliance activities (e.g. FISMA). ISAP's low level objectives include enabling standards based communication of vulnerability data, customizing and managing configuration baselines for various IT products, assessing information systems and reporting compliance status, using standard metrics to weight and aggregate potential vulnerability impact, and remediating identified vulnerabilities. ISAP's technical specifications are contained in the related Security Content Automation Protocol (SCAP). ISAP's security automation content is either co ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Security Control
Security controls are safeguards or countermeasures to avoid, detect, counteract, or minimize security risks to physical property, information, computer systems, or other assets. In the field of information security, such controls protect the confidentiality, integrity and availability of information. Systems of controls can be referred to as frameworks or standards. Frameworks can enable an organization to manage security controls across different types of assets with consistency. Types of security controls Security controls can be classified by various criteria. For example, controls are occasionally classified by when they act relative to a security breach: *Before the event, preventive controls are intended to prevent an incident from occurring e.g. by locking out unauthorized intruders; *During the event, detective controls are intended to identify and characterize an incident in progress e.g. by sounding the intruder alarm and alerting the security guards or police; *Afte ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Threat (computer)
In computer security, a threat is a potential negative action or event facilitated by a vulnerability that results in an unwanted impact to a computer system or application. A threat can be either a negative " intentional" event (i.e. hacking: an individual cracker or a criminal organization) or an "accidental" negative event (e.g. the possibility of a computer malfunctioning, or the possibility of a natural disaster event such as an earthquake, a fire, or a tornado) or otherwise a circumstance, capability, action, or event.Internet Engineering Task Force RFC 2828 Internet Security Glossary This is differentiated from a threat actor who is an individual or group that can perform the threat action, such as exploiting a vulnerability to actualise a negative impact. A more comprehensive definition, tied to an Information assurance point of view, can be found in "''Federal Information Processing Standards (FIPS) 200, Minimum Security Requirements for Federal Information and Informa ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
E-Government Act Of 2002
The E-Government Act of 2002 (, , , H.R. 2458/S. 803), is a United States statute enacted on 17 December 2002, with an effective date for most provisions of 17 April 2003. Its stated purpose is to improve the management and promotion of electronic government services and processes by establishing a Federal Chief Information Officer within the Office of Management and Budget, and by establishing a framework of measures that require using Internet-based information technology to improve citizen access to government information and services, and for other purposes. The statute includes within it * FISMA (the Federal Information Security Management Act of 2002) as Title III, and * CIPSEA (the Confidential Information Protection and Statistical Efficiency Act) as Title V. Legislative history On 27 June 2002, the Act (the Lieberman Bill, or S. 803) passed the U.S. Senate on Unanimous Consent. House Hearing No. 107-184 on the proposed bill was held on 18 September 2002. Provisions * ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
FIPS 199
FIPS 199 (Federal Information Processing Standard Publication 199, Standards for Security Categorization of Federal Information and Information Systems) is a United States Federal Government standard that establishes security categories of information systems used by the Federal Government, one component of risk assessment. FIPS 199 and FIPS 200 are mandatory security standards as required by FISMA The Federal Information Security Management Act of 2002 (FISMA, , ''et seq.'') is a United States federal law enacted in 2002 as Title III of the E-Government Act of 2002 (, ). The act recognized the importance of information security to the eco .... FIPS 199 requires Federal agencies to assess their information systems in each of the confidentiality, integrity, and availability categories, rating each system as low, moderate, or high impact in each category. The most severe rating from any category becomes the information system's overall security categorization. External links * ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Government Accountability Office
The U.S. Government Accountability Office (GAO) is a legislative branch government agency that provides auditing, evaluative, and investigative services for the United States Congress. It is the supreme audit institution of the federal government of the United States. It identifies its core "mission values" as: accountability, integrity, and reliability. It is also known as the "congressional watchdog". Powers of GAO The work of the GAO is done at the request of congressional committees or subcommittees or is mandated by public laws or committee reports. It also undertakes research under the authority of the Comptroller General. It supports congressional oversight by: * auditing agency operations to determine whether federal funds are being spent efficiently and effectively; * investigating allegations of illegal and improper activities; * reporting on how well government programs and policies are meeting their objectives; * performing policy analyses and outlining options for ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
SANS Institute
The SANS Institute (officially the Escal Institute of Advanced Technologies) is a private U.S. for-profit company founded in 1989 that specializes in information security, cybersecurity training, and selling certificates. Topics available for training include cyber and network defenses, penetration testing, incident response, digital forensics, and auditing. The information security courses are developed through a consensus process involving administrators, security managers, and information security professionals. The courses cover security fundamentals and technical aspects of information security. The institute has been recognized for its training programs and certification programs. Per 2021, SANS is the world’s largest cybersecurity research and training organization. SANS stands for SysAdmin, Audit, Network, and Security. Programs The SANS Institute sponsors the Internet Storm Center, an internet monitoring system staffed by a community of security practitioners, and the ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
