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Fujiwara No Takaie
, was a '' Kugyō'' ( Japanese noble) of the late Heian period. He was the Regional Governor of Dazaifu and is famous for repelling the Jurchen pirates during the Toi invasion in 1019. He reached the court position of Chūnagon. Early life and background Takaie was born 979 into the Hokke branch of the powerful Fujiwara clan, the fourth son of Fujiwara no Michitaka. His mother was Takashina no Takako also known as ''Kō-no-Naishi'' (高内侍) or ''Gidō-sanshi no Haha'' (儀同三司母). His childhood name was Ako (阿古). His uncle was the powerful Fujiwara no Michinaga who represented the highpoint of the Fujiwara clan's control over the government of Japan holding the position of Daijō-daijin. His elder brother was Fujiwara no Korechika who was charged with treason but later pardoned. One of his sisters was the well-known empress consort of Emperor Ichijō, Fujiwara no Teishi. Career * 989 ('' Eiso 1, 29th day of the 1st month''): Junior Fifth Rank, Lower Grade (従 ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Kikuchi Yōsai
, also known as Kikuchi Takeyasu and Kawahara Ryōhei, was a Japanese painter most famous for his monochrome portraits of historical figures. Biography The son of a samurai named Kawahara of Edo, he was adopted by a family named Kikuchi. When eighteen, he became a pupil of Takata Enjō; but, after studying the principles of the Kanō, Shijō, and Maruyama schools, perhaps, under Ozui, a son of Ōkyo, he developed an independent style, having some affinities with that of Tani Bunchō. His illustrated history of Japanese heroes, the '' Zenken Kojitsu'', is a remarkable specimen of his skill as a draughtsman in monochrome ink. In order to produce this work, and his many other portraits of historical figures, he performed extensive historical, and even archaeological, research. ''Zenken Kojitsu'' features over 500 major figures in Japanese history, and was originally printed as a series of ten woodblock printed books, in 1878. Style Nakane Kōtei (中根 香亭) point ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Daijō-daijin
The was the head of the ''Daijō-kan'' (Great Council of State) during and after the Nara period and briefly under the Meiji Constitution. Equivalent to the Chinese (Grand Preceptor). History Emperor Tenji's favorite son, Prince Ōtomo, was the first to have been accorded the title of ''Daijō-daijin'' during the reign of his father. The Asuka Kiyomihara Code of 689 marks the initial appearance of the ''Daijō Daijin'' in the context of a central administrative body composed of the three ministers: the ''Daijō-daijin'' (Chancellor), the ''Sadaijin'' (Minister of the Left), and the ''Udaijin'' (Minister of the Right). These positions were consolidated under the Code of Taihō in 702.Hall, John Whitney ''et al.''. (1993)''The Cambridge History of Japan'', p. 232 As the Fujiwara clan—which dominated the regency—gained influence, the official government offices diminished in power. By the 10th century, chancellors had no power to speak of unless they were simultaneously r ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Kankō
was a after '' Chōhō'' and before ''Chōwa.'' This period spanned the years from July 1004 through December 1012. The reigning emperors were and . Change of Era * 1004 : The era name was changed to mark an event or series of events. The previous era ended and a new one commenced in ''Kankō'' 6, on the 20th day of the 7th month of 1004. Events of the ''Kankō'' Era * March 17, 1008 (''Kankō 5, 8th day of the 2nd month''): The former-Emperor Kazan died at the age of 41. * July 16, 1011 (''Kankō 8, 13th day of the 6th month''): In the 5th year of Emperor Ichijō's reign (一条天皇5年), he abdicated; and the succession (‘‘senso’’) was received by his cousin. Shortly thereafter, Emperor Sanjō is said to have acceded to the throne (‘‘sokui’’). * July 15, 1011 (''Kankō 8, 22nd day of the 6th month ''): ''Daijō-tennō'' Ichijō died at the age of 32. * November 21, 1011 (''Kankō 8, 24th day of the 10th month''): ''Daijō-tennō'' Reizei, who was E ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Chōhō (era)
was a after ''Chōtoku'' and before ''Kankō.'' This period spanned the years from January 999 through July 1004. The reigning emperor was . Change of era * 999 : The new era name was created to mark an event or a number of events. The previous era ended and a new one commenced in ''Chōtoku'' 5, on the 13th day of the 1st month of 999.Brown, p. 328. Events of the ''Chōhō'' era * 999 (''Chōhō 1, 11th month'': A daughter of Fujiwara no Michinaga is accepted into the Imperial household as Emperor Ichijō's second empress consort. Aikio, better known as Fujiwara no Shōshi (988-1074), is given the title of ''Chūgū.Titsingh p. 153./ref> * 1001 (''Chōhō 3, 11th month''): The Imperial palace was destroyed by fire. * 1001 (''Chōhō 3, 12th month''): The widow of Emperor En'yū and the mother of Emperor Ichijō died. She was formerly known as Fujiwara no Senshi. Notes References * Brown, Delmer M. and Ichirō Ishida, eds. (1979) ''Gukanshō: The Future and the Past.''Be ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ministry Of War (pre-modern Japan)
The Ministry of War or , sometimes called ''Tsuwamono no Tsukasa,'' was a division of the eighth century Japanese government of the Imperial Court in Kyoto, instituted in the Asuka period and formalized during the Heian period. The Ministry was replaced in the Meiji period. Overview The highest-ranking official or was ordinarily a son or a close relative of the Emperor. This important court officer was responsible for directing all military matters; and after the beginning in the late 12th century, this military man would have been empowered to work with the shogunate on the emperor's behalf.Titsingh, Isaac. (1834). The ambit of the Ministry's activities encompasses, for example: * oversight of the rosters of military officers, including examinations, appointment, ranks, etc.Kawakami, citing Ito Hirobumi, ''Commentaries on the Japanese Constitution,'' p. 87 (1889). * dispatching of troops * supervision of arsenals of weapons, guards, fortifications and signal fires * maintenanc ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Daigensuihō
The , or the ''Great Rite of Āṭavaka'', is one of the of Esoteric Shingon Buddhism. Its name is also sometimes pronounced Daigen no hō. The ritual is performed with Āṭavaka in the role of honzon, and it may be considered a military curse. Early history In the year 839, the monk Jōgyō, a disciple of Kūkai, introduced the Imperial Court to the procedures of the Daigensuihō as part of the systematic importation of Tang esoteric practices. A decade later in 851, the Daijō-kan issued a document ordering the annual implementation of the Daigensuihō. As a result, it is believed to have been formally established in that year. Since then, the ritual was performed every year between the 8th to the 17th days after the New Year at the facilities of the Ministry of the Imperial Household. The necessary equipment was to be procured from Akishino-dera in Yamato Province, which was associated with Jōgyō. Jōgyō's promotion of Daigensuihō put him in direct conflict with Enn ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Shingon
file:Koyasan (Mount Koya) monks.jpg, Shingon monks at Mount Koya is one of the major schools of Buddhism in Japan and one of the few surviving Vajrayana lineages in East Asia, originally spread from India to China through traveling monks such as Vajrabodhi and Amoghavajra. Known in Chinese as the Tangmi (; the Esoteric School in Tang Dynasty of China), these esoteric teachings would later flourish in Japan under the auspices of a Buddhist monk named Kūkai (), who traveled to Tang China to acquire and request transmission of the esoteric teachings. For that reason, it is often called Japanese Esoteric Buddhism, or Orthodox Esoteric Buddhism. The word ''shingon'' is the Kan-on, Japanese reading of the Traditional Chinese characters, Chinese word ('), which is the translation of the Sanskrit word ("mantra"). History Shingon Buddhist doctrine and teachings arose during the Heian period (794-1185) after a Buddhist monk named Kūkai traveled to China in 804 to study Esote ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Emperor Kazan
was the 65th emperor of Japan,Imperial Household Agency (''Kunaichō'') 花山天皇 (65)/ref> according to the traditional order of succession. Kazan's reign spanned the years from 984 through 986. Biography Before his ascension to the Chrysanthemum Throne, his personal name (''imina'') was Morosada''-shinnō'' (師貞親王). Morasada was the eldest son of Emperor Reizei. The prince's mother was Fujiwara no Kaneko/''Kaishi'' (藤原懐子), who was a daughter of ''sesshō'' Fujiwara no Koretada. Morasada was also the brother of Emperor Sanjō.Titsingh, p. 148. Events of Kazan's life Prince Morasada was seventeen years of age at the time of the succession. * October 6, 984 ('' Eikan 1, 27th day of the 8th month''): In the 15th year of Emperor En'yu's reign (円融天皇十五年), he abdicated; and the succession (''senso'') was received by a nephew. Shortly thereafter, Emperor Kazan is said to have acceded to the throne (''sokui''). He commissioned the Shūi Wakashū. * ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Chōtoku
was a after '' Eiso'' and before '' Chōhō.'' This period spanned the years from February 995 through January 999. The reigning emperor was . Change of era * 995 : The new era name was created to mark an event or a number of events. The previous era ended and a new one commenced in ''Shōryaku'' 6, on 22 February 995. Events of the ''Chōtoku'' era * 995 (''Chōtoku 1''): Fujiwara no Michinaga is given the office of ''Udaijin''. * 996 (''Chōtoku 2, 7th month''): Michinaga become ''Sadaijin''; and Fujiwara no Akimitsu is named ''Udaijin''.Titsingh p. 153./ref> Notes References * Brown, Delmer M. and Ichirō Ishida, eds. (1979) ''Gukanshō: The Future and the Past.''Berkeley: University of California Press. OCLC 251325323* Nussbaum, Louis-Frédéric and Käthe Roth. (2005) ''Japan encyclopedia.''Cambridge: Harvard University Press. OCLC 58053128* Titsingh, Isaac. (1834). ''Nihon Odai Ichiran''; ou ''Annales des empereurs du Japon.'' Paris: Royal Asiatic Society, Orienta ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Shōryaku
was a after '' Eiso'' and before ''Chōtoku.'' This period spanned the years from November 990 through February 995. The reigning emperor was . Change of era * 990 : The new era name was created to mark an event or a number of events. The previous era ended and a new one commenced in ''Eiso'' 3, on the 7th day of the 11th month of 990.Brown, p. 305. Events of the ''Shōryaku'' era * March 1, 991 (''Shōryaku 2, on the 12th day of the 2nd month''): The former-Emperor En'yū died at the age of 33. * 992 (''Shōryaku 3''): Nara Governor Kujō Kanetoshi constructed a new temple complex named Shoryaku-ji in response to an Imperial edict. Notes References * Brown, Delmer M. and Ichirō Ishida, eds. (1979)[...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Board Of Chamberlains
The is a department of the Imperial Household Agency of Japan. History According to Taihō Code around the 8th century, it was presupposed that a chamberlain belonged to the Ministry of the Center. When the was installed during the Heian era, the chamberlain's role was quickly reduced, limited to matters of courtesy. In 1869, the chamberlain was brought within the Imperial Household Ministry. The position of Grand Chamberlain was placed within the merit system in 1871, and three people—Tokudaiji Sanetsune, Masataka Kawase, and Higashikuze Michitomi—were appointed. According to the Imperial Household Ministry regulations, the Grand Chamberlain supervises chamberlains who closely attend the appointed person, reports to that person and announces their orders. After World War II, the chamberlains were organized into the Board of the Chamberlains, within the Imperial Household Agency, through the temporary . After passage of the National Public Service Law (Shōwa 22 Law No. 12 ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Eiso (era)
was a after ''Eien'' and before ''Shōryaku.'' This period spanned the years from August 988 through November 990. The reigning emperor was . Change of era * 989 : The new era name was created to mark an event or a number of events. The previous era ended and a new one commenced in ''Eien'' 2, on the 8th day of the 8th month of 989.Brown, p. 305. Events of ''Eiso'' era * 989 (''Eiso 1, 1st month''): Emperor Ichijō made a personal visit to the home of his father, the retired Emperor En'yū, who is now known as ''Kongō Hō''.Titsingh p. 151./ref> * 989 (''Eiso 1, 5th month''): Fujiwara no Kaneie fell ill, and his son, Fujiwara no Michitaka, was chosen as regent ('' Kampaku'') in his place. Kaneie retired from public life. He shaved his head and became a Buddhist monk. * July 26, 989 (''Eiso 2, 2nd day of the 7th month''): Fujiwara no Kaneie died at age 62, and his home was converted into a Buddhist temple. Notes References * Brown, Delmer M. and Ichirō Ishida, eds. (1979 ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
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