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Fressenda
Fressenda ( la, Frensendis or Fredesendis) was an 11th-century Norman noblewoman and the wife of Tancred of Hauteville. She is known as the mother of Robert Guiscard and Roger I of Sicily. Name Goffredo Malaterra recorded her name as ''Frensendis'' and Orderic Vitalis as ''Fredesendis'' in latin. Her name has been anglized as ''Fresenda'' or ''Fressenda'' in English literature. Origin Fressenda's origin is not known. Contemporary historian Goffredo Malaterra, wrote that she was "a lady who in birth and morals was by no means inferior to his first wife." in reference to Tancred's first marriage who was of reputable birth. Some historians have suggested that Fressenda was a illegitimate daughter of Richard II of Normandy. Historian Elisabeth van Houts dismisses this claim as a 16th-century myth without evidence. Historian Graham Loud wrote that Girard of Buonalbergo might have been related to Fressenda to explain his unwaivering loyalty towards Robert Guiscard, her son, despite ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Hauteville Family
The Hauteville ( it, Altavilla) was a Norman family originally of seigneurial rank from the Cotentin. The Hautevilles rose to prominence through their part in the Norman conquest of southern Italy. By 1130, one of their members, Roger II, was made the first King of Sicily. His male-line descendants ruled Sicily until 1194. Some Italian Hautevilles took part in the First Crusade and the founding of the Principality of Antioch (1098). Origins The traditional account of the family's origin traces them back to Hiallt, a 10th-century Norseman who settled in the Cotentin Peninsula and founded the estate of ''Hialtus villa'', giving rise in corrupted form to the family toponymic ''Hauteville''. The name represents the Scandinavian ''Hjalti'' or ''Hialti''), but may instead have resulted from confusion with the ''Helt s' found in ''Heltvilla'', modern Héauville.''Les Noms des communes et anciennes paroisses de la Manche'', A. et J. Picard, préface Yves Nédélec, 1986, , oclc=1531442 ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Tancred Of Hauteville
Tancred of Hauteville (c. 980 – 1041) was an 11th-century Norman petty lord about whom little is known. He was a minor noble near Coutances in the Cotentin. Tancred is also known by the achievements of his twelve sons. Various legends arose about Tancred which have no supporting contemporary evidence that has survived the ages. Ancestors The Hauteville family was said by later traditions to descend from Hiallt, a Norseman active in 920, who is credited with founding the village of ''Hialtus Villa'' (Hauteville) in the Cotentin of Normandy. Tancred is a supposed descendant of Hiallt, from whom the village of Hauteville and the family drew their name. This cannot be identified with certainty, and some modern scholarship favours Hauteville-la-Guichard over Hauteville in Cotentin.Stanley Ferber, ''Islam and the Medieval West'', vol. 2 (1979), p. 46: "the sons of Tancred of Hauteville-le-Guichard, a petty landowner in Normandy..." Family and descendants With his two wives, he h ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Robert Guiscard
Robert Guiscard (; Modern ; – 17 July 1085) was a Norman adventurer remembered for the conquest of southern Italy and Sicily. Robert was born into the Hauteville family in Normandy, went on to become count and then duke of Apulia and Calabria (1057–1059), Duke of Sicily (1059–1085), and briefly prince of Benevento (1078–1081) before returning the title to the papacy. His sobriquet, in contemporary Latin and Old French , is often rendered "the Resourceful", "the Cunning", "the Wily", "the Fox", or "the Weasel". In Italian sources he is often Roberto II Guiscardo or Roberto d'Altavilla (from Robert de Hauteville), while medieval Arabic sources call him simply ''Abārt al-dūqa'' (Duke Robert). Background From 999 to 1042 the Normans in Italy, coming first as pilgrims, were mainly mercenaries serving at various times the Byzantines and a number of Lombard nobles. The first of the independent Norman lords was Rainulf Drengot who established himself in the fortress of ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Mauger Of Hauteville
Mauger of Hauteville (also Latin ''Malgerius'' or Italian ''Maugerio'') was a younger (probably the second) son of Tancred of Hauteville by his second wife, Fressenda. He travelled to the Mezzogiorno with his brother William and his elder half-brother Geoffrey around 1053, though some sources indicate him coming later, c.1056. He soon distinguished himself and was invested with the county of the Capitanate soon after his arrival (either 1053 or 1057) by Humphrey, his half brother and count of Apulia, but he did not long survive to hold it. According to Goffredo Malaterra, he died in 1054, though other chroniclers have him dying in 1057 or as late as 1060, after assisting his elder full brother Robert Guiscard, Humphrey's successor, in an expedition against the new army of the Byzantine Emperor Constantine X, sent to recover Langobardia. Whenever he died, his fief went to William, who passed it to Geoffrey out of fraternal affection (according to Malaterra). Sources *Chalandon ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
William Of The Principate
William of Hauteville ( 1027 – 1080) was one of the younger sons of Tancred of Hauteville by his second wife Fressenda. He is usually called ''Willermus'' instead of ''Wilelmus'' in Latin annals and so is often called ''Guillerm'' instead of ''Guillaume'' in French. Life William left Normandy around 1053 with his elder half-brother Geoffrey and full brother Mauger. He participated in the Battle of Civitate in the years of his arrival and was received cordially by his half-brother Humphrey, the reigning count of Apulia. In 1055, he distinguished himself in the taking of the castle of San Nicandro (today San Licandro) close to Eboli, which formed the nucleus of his county of the Principato, with which he was invested by Humphrey in 1055. In 1058, he married Maria, the daughter of Guy, Duke of Sorrento and brother of Guaimar IV of Salerno. He inherited all Guy's lands in the principality of Salerno and fought with Guaimar's successor, Gisulf II, whose lands he ate away at unt ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Sicily
(man) it, Siciliana (woman) , population_note = , population_blank1_title = , population_blank1 = , demographics_type1 = Ethnicity , demographics1_footnotes = , demographics1_title1 = Sicilian , demographics1_info1 = 98% , demographics1_title2 = , demographics1_info2 = , demographics1_title3 = , demographics1_info3 = , timezone1 = CET , utc_offset1 = +1 , timezone1_DST = CEST , utc_offset1_DST = +2 , postal_code_type = , postal_code = , area_code_type = ISO 3166 code , area_code = IT-82 , blank_name_sec1 = GDP (nominal) , blank_info_sec1 = €89.2 billion (2018) , blank1_name_sec1 = GDP per capita , blank1_info_sec1 ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Abbazia 013
Opatija (; it, Abbazia; german: Sankt Jakobi) is a town and a municipality in Primorje-Gorski Kotar County in western Croatia. The traditional seaside resort on the Kvarner Gulf is known for its Mediterranean climate and its historic buildings reminiscent of the Austrian Riviera. Geography Opatija is located northwest of the regional capital Rijeka, about from Trieste by rail and from Pula by road. The city is geographically on the Istrian peninsula, though not in Istria County. The tourist resort is situated on the Kvarner Gulf, part of the Adriatic coast, in a sheltered position at the foot of Učka massif, with the ''Vojak'' peak reaching at a height of . cesnus, the municipality had 10,661 inhabitants in total, of which 5,715 lived in the urban settlement. The town is a popular summer and winter resort, with average high temperatures of 10 °C in winter, and 32 °C in summer. Opatija is surrounded by beautiful woods of bay laurel. The whole sea-coast to the nor ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
