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French Ship Bretagne (1855)
The ''Bretagne'' was a fast 130-gun three-deck ship of the French Navy, designed by engineer Jules Marielle. Built as a new capital ship meant to improve on the very successful ''Océan'' class, while avoiding the weaknesses found on ''Valmy'', she retained most of the ''Océan'''s design, and incorporated the philosophy of "fast ship of the line" pioneered by ''Napoléon'', with a rounded stern and a two-cylinder, 8-boiler steam engine allowing her a speed of 13.5 knots. The propeller could be retracted to streamline the hull when sailing under sail only. Launched in 1855, she was too late to take part in the Crimean War. She was decommissioned in 1865, becoming a schoolship for boys and sailors in Brest. Struck from the Navy lists in 1880, she was broken up that year. Design and construction ''Bretagne'' was the offspring of an attempt to improve upon the ''Océan'' class by increasing the beam from 16.24 to 16.64 metres. The 1849 budget initially allowed for constructi ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Jules Achille Noël
Jules Achille Noël, born Louis Assez Noël (24 February 1815, Quimper – 26 March 1881, Algiers) was a French landscape and maritime painter who worked primarily in Brittany and Normandy. Biography His family originally came from Lorraine. Some sources say that he was born there in 1810. His father was a draftsman working on the canal being built from Nantes to Brest and gave him his first drawing lessons. He later studied at the "Académie de Peinture et de Dessin" (Académie Charioux) in Brest. Afterwards, he went to Paris to seek his fortune and came under the influence of his fellow Breton painter Pierre-Julien Gilbert. After four years of struggling to earn his living, he returned to Brittany to teach drawing in Saint-Pol-de-Léon, Lorient and Nantes. He had begun to participate in the Salon in 1840 and, in 1845, was one of several artists commissioned to provide engraved illustrations for a book on prisons by Maurice Alhoy entitled ''Les Bagnes: historie types, myst ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Bretagne Lancement
Bretagne may refer to: Places *Brittany, the historic province in northwestern France called ''Bretagne'' in French *Brittany (administrative region), the present-day French region, also called in French ''Bretagne'', smaller than the historic province * Bretagne, Indre, a French village in the Indre department * Bretagne, Territoire de Belfort, a French village in the Territoire de Belfort department *Bretagne-d'Armagnac, a commune in the Gers department *Bretagne-de-Marsan, a commune in the Landes department *Dol-de-Bretagne, a commune in the Ille-et-Vilaine department Ships * French ship ''Bretagne'' (1766), a large 110-gun French ship of the line * French ship ''Bretagne'' (1855), a fast 130-gun warship of the French Navy * French battleship ''Bretagne'' (1913), the first Bretagne-class battleship of the French Navy * SS ''La Bretagne'', an ocean liner of the Compagnie Générale Transatlantique in service from 1886 to 1912 * SS ''Bretagne'' (1951), an ocean liner renamed SS ' ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
30-pounder Short Gun
The 30-pounder short gun was a piece of artillery mounted on French warships of the Age of sail. They were the middle-sized component of the unified system standardised on the 30-pounder calibre, replacing both the 24-pounders and 18-pounders in many usages. Usage The 30-pounder short gun was installed on the lower deck on frigates and on the middle deck of three-deckers, the main battery being armed with 30-pounder long guns and the upper deck, with 30-pounder carronades. History In the wake of the Napoleonic Wars, the Navy undertook a number of reforms, most notably a reform in the artillery system. In contrast with the 1788 system, where large warships armed their main batteries with large 36-pounder long guns and upper deck with smaller long guns using smaller shots, it was decided to standardise on the 30-pound calibre, and deploy a variety of guns of different weights, as not to overload the tops. The differences in weight were obtained by fielding a large 30-pounder ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Paixhans Gun
The Paixhans gun (French: ''Canon Paixhans'', ) was the first naval gun designed to fire explosive shells. It was developed by the French general Henri-Joseph Paixhans in 1822–1823. The design furthered the evolution of naval artillery into the modern age. Its use presaged the end of wood as the preferred material in naval warships, and the rise of the ironclad. Background Explosive shells had long been in use in ground warfare (in howitzers and mortars) and on bomb vessels against stationary targets, but they were fired only at high angles and with relatively low velocities. The shells of that time were inherently dangerous to handle, and no method had been found to safely fire the explosive shells with the high power and flatter trajectory of a high-velocity gun. However, before the advent of radar and modern optical controlled firing, high trajectories were not practical for ship-to-ship combat. Such combat essentially required flat-trajectory guns in order to have a reason ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
French Ship Bretagne (1766)
''Bretagne'' was a large 110-gun three-decker French ship of the line, built at Brest, which became famous as the flagship of the Brest Fleet during the American War of Independence. She was funded by a ''don des vaisseaux'' grant by the Estates of Brittany. She was active in the European theatres of the Anglo-French War and of the French Revolutionary Wars, notably taking an important role in the Glorious First of June. Later, she took part in the Croisière du Grand Hiver and was broken up. Context The Seven Years' War had left the French Navy severely depleted, and the Crown did not have funds to replace the ships lost during the conflict. In late 1761 Étienne François, duc de Choiseul took the direction of the Navy and proposed that the great institutions of France make voluntary donations, a scheme named ''don des vaisseaux''. On 1 September 1762, the Estates of Brittany gathered at the Couvent des Cordeliers in Rennes and decided to raise one million Livres tournois in ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Bretagne Daguerrotype1960Brest
Bretagne may refer to: Places *Brittany, the historic province in northwestern France called ''Bretagne'' in French *Brittany (administrative region), the present-day French region, also called in French ''Bretagne'', smaller than the historic province * Bretagne, Indre, a French village in the Indre department * Bretagne, Territoire de Belfort, a French village in the Territoire de Belfort department *Bretagne-d'Armagnac, a commune in the Gers department *Bretagne-de-Marsan, a commune in the Landes department *Dol-de-Bretagne, a commune in the Ille-et-Vilaine department Ships * French ship ''Bretagne'' (1766), a large 110-gun French ship of the line * French ship ''Bretagne'' (1855), a fast 130-gun warship of the French Navy * French battleship ''Bretagne'' (1913), the first Bretagne-class battleship of the French Navy * SS ''La Bretagne'', an ocean liner of the Compagnie Générale Transatlantique in service from 1886 to 1912 * SS ''Bretagne'' (1951), an ocean liner renamed SS ' ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Genius (mythology)
In Roman religion, the genius (; plural ''geniī'') is the individual instance of a general divine nature that is present in every individual person, place, or thing. Much like a guardian angel, the genius would follow each man from the hour of his birth until the day he died. For women, it was the Juno spirit that would accompany each of them. Nature Each individual place had a genius ('' genius loci'') and so did powerful objects, such as volcanoes. The concept extended to some specifics: the genius of the theatre, of vineyards, and of festivals, which made performances successful, grapes grow, and celebrations succeed, respectively. It was extremely important in the Roman mind to propitiate the appropriate genii for the major undertakings and events of their lives. Thus man, following the dictates of his heart, venerated something higher and more divine than he could find in his own limited individuality, and brought to "this great unknown of himself" offerings as a god; th ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Transom (nautical)
A transom is the vertical reinforcement which strengthens the stern of a boat. This flat termination of the stern is typically above the waterline. The term was used as far back as Middle English in the 1300s, having come from Latin ''transversus'' (transverse) via Old French ''traversain'' (set crosswise). The stern of a boat is typically vertical. It can be raked such that there is an overhang above the water, as at the bow. A reverse transom is angled from the waterline forwards. Transoms can be used to support a rudder, outboard motor, or as a swimming and access platform. Gallery File:The Bermuda cedar (Juniperus bermudiana) transom of Spirit of Bermuda, 2016.jpg, The Bermuda cedar transom of the Spirit of Bermuda File:Sea Scooter transom.jpg, Flat transom on a dinghy with mount points for a rudder. File:Coble on shore at Boulmer (2) - geograph.org.uk - 1381157.jpg, Raked transom with rudder mount points. File:CS 30 Sailboat Kelsea 0297.jpg, Reverse transom with rudder m ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Veleda
Veleda was seeress of the Bructeri, a Germanic people who achieved some prominence during the Batavian rebellion of AD 69–70, headed by the Romanized Batavian chieftain Gaius Julius Civilis, when she correctly predicted the initial successes of the rebels against Roman legions. Name The name ''Veleda'' (/Weleda/) is most likely a borrowing from Gaulish *''ueletā'' ('seeress'; cf. Gaul. ''uelets,'' Old Irish '' filed'', Middle Welsh ''gwelet'', Middle Breton ''guelet''), with regular Germanic sound shift ''-t-'' > ''-d-''. Life The name may be Celtic and generic title for a prophetess (from Proto-Celtic ''*welet-'' "seer", a derivative of the root ''*wel-'' "to see"). The ancient Germanic peoples discerned a divinity of prophecy in women and regarded prophetesses as true and living goddesses. In the latter half of the 1st century AD Veleda was regarded as a deity by most of the tribes in central Germany and enjoyed wide influence. She lived in a tower near the Li ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
30-pounder Long Gun
The 30-pounder long gun was a large piece of artillery mounted on French warships of the Age of sail. They were the heaviest component of the unified system standardised on the 30-pounder calibre, replacing both the 36-pounder long guns in their usages, and even some 24-pounders. Usage Installed on the lower deck of the larger warships from the 1820s, the 30-pounder long gun was the largest caliber used in the late Navy of the Age of the Sail, used on the ships defined by the Commission de Paris. On three-deckers, the middle deck used 30-pounder short guns, and the upper deck used 30-pounder carronades. The flagship ''Bretagne'' was an exception to this rule, retaining the older 36-pounder long gun as to maximise the weight of her broadside. History In the wake of the Napoleonic Wars, the Navy undertook a number of reforms, most notably a reform in the artillery system. In contrast with the 1788 system, where large warships armed their main batteries with large 36-pounder ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
36-pounder Long Gun
The 36-pounder long gun was the largest piece of artillery mounted on French warships of the Age of Sail. They were also used for Coastal defense and fortification. They largely exceeded the heaviest guns fielded by the Army, which were 24-pounder long guns. The nominal weight of shot was 36 French ''livres'', . Usage Installed on the lower deck of the larger warships, the 36-pounder long gun was the largest caliber used in the Navy of the Age of the Sail. Attempts to use 48-pounders were made, for instance on ''Royal Louis'', but these proved impractical to use on ships, partly because their weight allowed for only a few pieces, and because the heavy balls were unwieldy to load by hand. However, some coastal batteries fielded 48-pounders and even 64-pounders. In the Royal Navy, a similar role was fulfilled by 32-pounder long guns. History French warships began to carry 36-pounders under Louis XIV, with the reform of the Navy undertaken by Richelieu. At this time, only fi ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
