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French Railway Signalling
The current French railway signalling system is in force on the Réseau Ferré de France (now SNCF Réseau) since 1930, when the ''code Verlant'' was applied. History Historically, each private railway company designed and used its own signals. However, during the First World War the interpenetration of trains between networks had increased, so that it became necessary to create a new unified signals specification. A commission was set up in May 1926, directed by Eugène Verlant of the PLM. The Verlant commission submitted its report at the end of 1927. The new code of signals received the approval of the Ministry of Public Labour on 1 August 1930. Conversion to the Verlant code was completed only at the end of 1936, except on the network of Alsace-Lorraine where it was completed later, because of the unusual pre-existing signalling. The Verlant code was very innovative, based on simple principles: * Mainly based on color light signalling, which thereafter simplified the installa ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Réseau Ferré De France
Réseau ferré de France (RFF, french: French Rail Network) was a French company which owned and maintained the France, French national railway network from 1997 to 2014. The company was formed with the rail assets of SNCF in 1997. Afterwards, the trains were operated by the SNCF, the national railway company, but due to EU Directive 91/440, European Union Directive 91/440, the Government of France was required to separate train operations from the railway infrastructure. On 1 January 2015, RFF became ''SNCF Réseau'', the operational assets of SNCF became ''SNCF Mobilités'', and both groups were placed under the control of SNCF. Unlike other infrastructure managers, RFF did not provide maintenance services or rail traffic control operations, which were both done by SNCF Infra on RFF's behalf. Furthermore, SNCF retained the ownership of stations. In September 2013, RFF had over €32 billion of debt. Overview The RFF was constituted with SNCF's infrastructure assets, and debts ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
