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French Ship Scipion (1778)
''Scipion'' was a French warship of the 18th century, lead ship of her class. She was completed in 1779. Accounts cited that she was one of the three new naval vessels - along with '' Hercule'' (1798) and ''Pluton'' (1778) - built by the French that was so top-heavy, they nearly capsized. To correct ''Scipion'''s problem, a stowage was altered and a ballast replaced a part of the water supply. These remedies, however, failed so the French had to shorten the mast to make the ship seaworthy. ''Scipion'' took part in the American War of Independence, notably sailing at the rear of the French squadron at the Battle of the Chesapeake under Antoine Pierre de Clavel. In the action of 18 October 1782 The action of 18 October 1782 was a minor naval engagement of the American Revolutionary War, in which the French 74-gun ship of the line ''Scipion'', accompanied by the 40-gun frigate ''Sibylle'', was chased by two Royal Navy ships of the line ..., under Captain Nicolas Henri d ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Action Of 18 October 1782
The action of 18 October 1782 was a minor naval engagement of the American Revolutionary War, in which the French 74-gun ship of the line ''Scipion'', accompanied by the 40-gun frigate ''Sibylle'', was chased by two Royal Navy ships of the line, the 98-gun HMS ''London'' and the 74-gun ''Torbay''. Outmanoeuvring her larger opponents, ''Scipion'' obtained a favourable position that allowed her to rake ''London'', causing severe damage and allowing her to continue running from the superior British force. ''Scipion'' went to anchor in Samaná Bay but while doing so hit a rock and sank, while ''Sibylle'' succeeded in escaping the area. Action On 17 October 1782, during the American Revolutionary War, a British squadron consisting of the 98-gun ship of the line HMS ''London'', 74-gun ship of the line HMS ''Torbay'', and 14-gun sloop HMS ''Badger'' was sailing off the coast of San Domingo when they spotted two strange sails. The squadron chased the ships to the north-west and di ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Flag Of The Kingdom Of France (1814-1830)
A flag is a piece of fabric (most often rectangular or quadrilateral) with a distinctive design and colours. It is used as a symbol, a signalling device, or for decoration. The term ''flag'' is also used to refer to the graphic design employed, and flags have evolved into a general tool for rudimentary signalling and identification, especially in environments where communication is challenging (such as the maritime environment, where semaphore is used). Many flags fall into groups of similar designs called flag families. The study of flags is known as "vexillology" from the Latin , meaning "flag" or "banner". National flags are patriotic symbols with widely varied interpretations that often include strong military associations because of their original and ongoing use for that purpose. Flags are also used in messaging, advertising, or for decorative purposes. Some military units are called "flags" after their use of flags. A ''flag'' (Arabic: ) is equivalent to a brigade i ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Battle Of The Chesapeake
The Battle of the Chesapeake, also known as the Battle of the Virginia Capes or simply the Battle of the Capes, was a crucial naval battle in the American Revolutionary War that took place near the mouth of the Chesapeake Bay on 5 September 1781. The combatants were a British fleet led by Rear Admiral Sir Thomas Graves and a French fleet led by Rear Admiral François Joseph Paul, the Comte de Grasse. The battle was strategically decisive, in that it prevented the Royal Navy from reinforcing or evacuating the besieged forces of Lieutenant General Lord Cornwallis at Yorktown, Virginia. The French were able to achieve control of the sea lanes against the British and provided the Franco-American army with siege artillery and French reinforcements. These proved decisive in the Siege of Yorktown, effectively securing independence for the Thirteen Colonies. Admiral de Grasse had the option to attack British forces in either New York or Virginia; he opted for Virginia, arriving at t ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Action Of 18 October 1782
The action of 18 October 1782 was a minor naval engagement of the American Revolutionary War, in which the French 74-gun ship of the line ''Scipion'', accompanied by the 40-gun frigate ''Sibylle'', was chased by two Royal Navy ships of the line, the 98-gun HMS ''London'' and the 74-gun ''Torbay''. Outmanoeuvring her larger opponents, ''Scipion'' obtained a favourable position that allowed her to rake ''London'', causing severe damage and allowing her to continue running from the superior British force. ''Scipion'' went to anchor in Samaná Bay but while doing so hit a rock and sank, while ''Sibylle'' succeeded in escaping the area. Action On 17 October 1782, during the American Revolutionary War, a British squadron consisting of the 98-gun ship of the line HMS ''London'', 74-gun ship of the line HMS ''Torbay'', and 14-gun sloop HMS ''Badger'' was sailing off the coast of San Domingo when they spotted two strange sails. The squadron chased the ships to the north-west and di ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Scipion-class Ship Of The Line
The ''Scipion'' class was a class of three 74-gun ships of the line A ship of the line was a type of naval warship constructed during the Age of Sail from the 17th century to the mid-19th century. The ship of the line was designed for the naval tactic known as the line of battle, which depended on the two colum ... built to a design by François-Guillaume Clairin-Deslauriers, the ''ingénieur-constructeur en chef'' at Rochefort Dockyard. These were the shortest 74-gun ships built by France since the 1750s, and they were found to lack stability as a consequence. The third ship - originally the ''Pluton'' - was 'girdled' (sheathed) with 32 cm of pine at Rochefort in 1799 to overcome her instability, and the design of two further ships ordered at the same dockyard in 1779 were lengthened. * :Builder: Rochefort Dockyard :Ordered: early 1778 :Begun: 10 April 1778 :Launched: 19 September 1778 :Completed: February 1779 :Fate: Wrecked in Samana Bay, off San Domingo on 19 Octob ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
HMS Hercule (1798)
HMS ''Hercule'' was a 74-gun third rate ship of the line of the Royal Navy. She was previously ''Hercule'', a ship of the line of the French Navy, but was captured on her maiden voyage in 1798, and spent the rest of her career as a British ship. She was broken up in 1810. French career and capture During her maiden journey, on 21 April 1798, and just 24 hours out of port, she was captured by the British ship after a violent fight at the Battle of the Raz de Sein, off Île de Sein near Brest. ''Hercule'' attempted to escape through the Passage du Raz, but the tide was running in the wrong direction, and she was forced to anchor, giving the British the chance to attack at close quarters. The two ships were of equal force, both seventy-fours, but ''Hercule'' was newly commissioned; after more than an hour and a half of bloody fighting at close quarters she struck her colours at 10.30 pm, having lost — by her own officers' estimate — 290 men killed and wounded. On ''M ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
French Ship Pluton (1778)
''Pluton'' was a ''Scipion'' class 74-gun French ship of the line built at Rochefort. Career ''Pluton'' took part in the Battle of Martinique on 17 April 1780, under La Marthonie. Albert de Rions took command, and captained her at the Battle of Martinique on 29 April 1781, at the Battle of the Chesapeake on 5 September 1781, at St. Kitts on 24–25 January 1782, and at the Battle of the Saintes The Battle of the Saintes (known to the French as the Bataille de la Dominique), also known as the Battle of Dominica, was an important naval battle in the Caribbean between the British and the French that took place 9–12 April 1782. The Brit ... on 12 April. She was renamed ''Dugommier'' in 1797 and seems to have seen little further active service. She was broken up in 1805. Notes and references Notes References Bibliography * * * {{DEFAULTSORT:Pluton (1778) Ships of the line of the French Navy Scipion-class ships of the line Ships built in France 1778 ship ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
American War Of Independence
The American Revolutionary War (April 19, 1775 – September 3, 1783), also known as the Revolutionary War or American War of Independence, was a major war of the American Revolution. Widely considered as the war that secured the independence of the United States, fighting began on April 19, 1775, followed by the Lee Resolution on July 2, 1776, and the Declaration of Independence on July 4, 1776. The American Patriots were supported by the Kingdom of France and, to a lesser extent, the Dutch Republic and the Spanish Empire, in a conflict taking place in North America, the Caribbean, and the Atlantic Ocean. Established by royal charter in the 17th and 18th centuries, the American colonies were largely autonomous in domestic affairs and commercially prosperous, trading with Britain and its Caribbean colonies, as well as other European powers via their Caribbean entrepôts. After British victory over the French in the Seven Years' War in 1763, tensions between the motherland and her ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Antoine Pierre De Clavel
Antoine Pierre de Clavel (1734 in Toulon – 1797) was a French Navy officer. He served in the War of American Independence. Biography Clavel was born to the family of a Navy captain. He joined the Navy as a Garde-Marine on 6 July 1750, and had a brother also serving in the Navy. He was promoted to Lieutenant on 1 May 1763, and to Captain on 4 April 1777. He commanded ''Scipion'' at the Battle of the Chesapeake on 5 September 1781, and at the Battle of the Saintes The Battle of the Saintes (known to the French as the Bataille de la Dominique), also known as the Battle of Dominica, was an important naval battle in the Caribbean between the British and the French that took place 9–12 April 1782. The Brit ... on 12 April 1782. He retired on 21 November 1785. Notes Citations References * * * {{DEFAULTSORT:Clavel, Antoine Pierre 1734 births 1797 deaths French Navy officers French military personnel of the American Revolutionary War ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Combat Du Scipion Conte Le London-Rossel De Cercy Mg 5095c
Combat ( French for ''fight'') is a purposeful violent conflict meant to physically harm or kill the opposition. Combat may be armed (using weapons) or unarmed ( not using weapons). Combat is sometimes resorted to as a method of self-defense, or can be used as a tool to impose one's will on others. An instance of combat can be a stand-alone confrontation or a small part of a much larger violent conflict. Instances of combat may also be benign and recreational, as in the cases of combat sports and mock combat. Combat may comply with, or be in violation of local or international laws regarding conflict. Examples of rules include the Geneva Conventions (covering the treatment of people in war), medieval chivalry, the Marquess of Queensberry rules (covering boxing) and several forms of combat sports. Hand-to-hand combat Hand-to-hand combat (melee) is combat at very close range, attacking the opponent with the body ( striking, kicking, strangling, etc.) and/or with a melee weap ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Nicolas Henri De Grimouard
Nicolas Henri René de Grimouard (Fontenay-le-Comte, 25 January 1743 – Rochefort, 7 February 1794) was an officer in the French Navy. He served in the War of American Independence, and became a member of the Society of the Cincinnati. Career Grimouard joined the Navy as a Garde-Marine in 1758. He served on ''Inflexible'' in 1759 under Conflans. In 1770, he was promoted to Ensign, and to Lieutenant in 1778. He took part in fixe cruises of the escadre d'évolution. In 1779, Grimouard commanded the frigate '' Minerve''. He captured the British ''Debora'', and took part in the Battle of Grenada on 6 July 1779. That same year, he was made a Knight in the Order of Saint Louis. In the action of 4 January 1781, ''Minerve'' was captured by '' HMS Courageux''. Grimouard was wounded and taken prisoner, to be exchanged soon afterwards. He took part to the capture of Tobago and the capture of Grenada under de Grasse. At the Battle of the Saintes, on 12 April 1782, Grimouard was f ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
History Of The Royal Navy
The Royal Navy (RN) is the United Kingdom's naval warfare force. Although warships were used by Kingdom of England, English and Kingdom of Scotland, Scottish kings from the early medieval period, the first major maritime engagements were fought in the Hundred Years' War against Kingdom of France, France. The modern Royal Navy traces its origins to the early 16th century; the oldest of the British Armed Forces, UK's armed services, it is consequently known as the Senior Service. From the middle decades of the 17th century, and through the 18th century, the Royal Navy vied with the Dutch Navy and later with the French Navy for maritime supremacy. From the mid 18th century, it was the world's most powerful navy until the World War II, Second World War. The Royal Navy played a key part in establishing and defending the British Empire, and four Imperial fortress colonies and a string of imperial bases and coaling stations secured the Royal Navy's ability to assert naval superiority ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
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