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French Nuclear Tests
France executed nuclear weapons tests in the areas of Reggane and In Ekker in Algeria and the Mururoa and Fangataufa Atolls in French Polynesia, from 13 February 1960 through 27 January 1996. These totaled 210 tests with 210 device explosions, 50 in the atmosphere. Discrepancies between those totals and the table below consist in two undocumented tests mentioned in other sources and five safety tests in an area near In Ekker named Adar Tickertane. List See also * List of nuclear weapons tests * Force de dissuasion References Sources * * * {{Nuclear and radiation accidents and incidents French nuclear weapons testing, * Nuclear technology-related lists ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
France
France (), officially the French Republic ( ), is a country primarily located in Western Europe. It also comprises of overseas regions and territories in the Americas and the Atlantic, Pacific and Indian Oceans. Its metropolitan area extends from the Rhine to the Atlantic Ocean and from the Mediterranean Sea to the English Channel and the North Sea; overseas territories include French Guiana in South America, Saint Pierre and Miquelon in the North Atlantic, the French West Indies, and many islands in Oceania and the Indian Ocean. Due to its several coastal territories, France has the largest exclusive economic zone in the world. France borders Belgium, Luxembourg, Germany, Switzerland, Monaco, Italy, Andorra, and Spain in continental Europe, as well as the Netherlands, Suriname, and Brazil in the Americas via its overseas territories in French Guiana and Saint Martin. Its eighteen integral regions (five of which are overseas) span a combined area of and contain clos ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Reggane Series, French Nuclear Tests
The Reggane series was a group of 4 atmospheric A-bomb nuclear tests conducted by France between February 1960 and April 1961, close to the end of the Algerian War. The bombs were detonated at the Saharan Military Experiments Centre near Reggane, French Algeria in the Sahara desert region of Tanezrouft, by the Nuclear Experiments Operational Group (GOEN), a unit of the Joint Special Weapons Command. The series saw the explosion of the first French nuclear weapon and was followed by the In Ekker series. Codenames All four operations were named after the jerboa (''Gerboise''), a desert rodent found in the Sahara, with the adjunction of a colour. The first three colours adjuncted (blue, white and red) are said to come from the French Flag. Chart of the tests See also * List of nuclear weapons tests of France * Nuclear weapons and France * '' Force de Frappe'' * History of nuclear weapons Notes References {{Nuclear weapons tests of France Reggane Reggane (from ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Force De Dissuasion
The ''Force de frappe'' (French: "strike force"), or ''Force de dissuasion'' ("deterrent force") after 1961,Gunston, Bill. Bombers of the West. New York: Charles Scribner's and Sons; 1973. p104 is the designation of what used to be a triad of air-, sea- and land-based nuclear weapons intended for ''dissuasion'', the French term for deterrence. The French Nuclear Force, part of the French military, is the fourth largest nuclear-weapons force in the world, after the nuclear triad of the United States, the Russian Federation and the People's Republic of China. France has deactivated all land-based nuclear missiles. On 27 January 1996, France conducted its last nuclear test in the South Pacific and then signed the Comprehensive Nuclear-Test-Ban Treaty (CTBT) in September 1996. In March 2008, French President Nicolas Sarkozy confirmed reports giving the actual size of France's nuclear arsenal and he announced that France would reduce its French Air Force-carried nuclear arsenal by ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
List Of Nuclear Weapons Tests
Nuclear weapons testing is the act of experimentally and deliberately firing one or more nuclear devices in a controlled manner pursuant to a military, scientific or technological goal. This has been done on test sites on land or waters owned, controlled or leased from the owners by one of the eight nuclear nations: the United States, the Soviet Union, the United Kingdom, France, China, India, Pakistan and North Korea, or has been done on or over ocean sites far from territorial waters. There have been 2,121 tests done since the first in July 1945, involving 2,476 nuclear devices. As of 1993, worldwide, 520 atmospheric nuclear explosions (including 8 underwater) have been conducted with a total yield of 545 megaton (Mt): 217 Mt from pure fission and 328 Mt from bombs using fusion, while the estimated number of underground nuclear tests conducted in the period from 1957 to 1992 is 1,352 explosions with a total yield of 90 Mt. Very few unknown tests are suspected ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
1995–96 French Nuclear Tests
The France's 1995–1996 nuclear test series was a group of 6 nuclear test Nuclear weapons tests are experiments carried out to determine nuclear weapons' effectiveness, Nuclear weapon yield, yield, and explosive capability. Testing nuclear weapons offers practical information about how the weapons function, how detona ...s conducted in 1995–1996. These tests followed the '' 1989–1991 French nuclear tests'' series . References {{DEFAULTSORT:1995-96 French nuclear tests French nuclear weapons testing 1995 in French Polynesia 1996 in French Polynesia ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
1986–88 French Nuclear Tests
The 1986–1988 French nuclear tests were a group of 24 nuclear test Nuclear weapons tests are experiments carried out to determine nuclear weapons' effectiveness, Nuclear weapon yield, yield, and explosive capability. Testing nuclear weapons offers practical information about how the weapons function, how detona ...s conducted between 1986 and 1988. These tests followed the '' 1983–1985 French nuclear tests'' series and preceded the '' 1989–1991 French nuclear tests'' series. References {{DEFAULTSORT:1986-88 French nuclear tests French nuclear weapons testing 1986 in French Polynesia 1987 in France 1988 in France ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
1983–85 French Nuclear Tests
The France's 1983–1985 nuclear test series was a group of 25 nuclear test Nuclear weapons tests are experiments carried out to determine nuclear weapons' effectiveness, Nuclear weapon yield, yield, and explosive capability. Testing nuclear weapons offers practical information about how the weapons function, how detona ...s conducted in 1983–1985. These tests followed the '' 1981–1982 French nuclear tests'' series and preceded the '' 1986–1988 French nuclear tests'' series. References {{DEFAULTSORT:1983-85 French nuclear tests French nuclear weapons testing 1983 in French Polynesia 1984 in France 1985 in France ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
1981–82 French Nuclear Tests
The France's 1981–1982 nuclear test series was a group of 22 nuclear test Nuclear weapons tests are experiments carried out to determine nuclear weapons' effectiveness, Nuclear weapon yield, yield, and explosive capability. Testing nuclear weapons offers practical information about how the weapons function, how detona ...s conducted in 1981–1982. These tests followed the '' 1979–1980 French nuclear tests'' series and preceded the '' 1983–1985 French nuclear tests'' series. References {{DEFAULTSORT:1981-82 French nuclear tests French nuclear weapons testing 1981 in France 1982 in France ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
1979–80 French Nuclear Tests
The France's 1979–1980 nuclear test series was a group of 22 nuclear test Nuclear weapons tests are experiments carried out to determine nuclear weapons' effectiveness, Nuclear weapon yield, yield, and explosive capability. Testing nuclear weapons offers practical information about how the weapons function, how detona ...s conducted in 1979–1980. These tests followed the '' 1975–1978 French nuclear tests'' series and preceded the '' 1981–1982 French nuclear tests'' series. References {{DEFAULTSORT:1979-80 French nuclear tests French nuclear weapons testing 1979 in French Polynesia 1980 in France 1979 in France 1980 in French Polynesia ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
1975–78 French Nuclear Tests
The 1975–1978 nuclear test series was a group of 29 nuclear test Nuclear weapons tests are experiments carried out to determine nuclear weapons' effectiveness, Nuclear weapon yield, yield, and explosive capability. Testing nuclear weapons offers practical information about how the weapons function, how detona ...s conducted by France in 1975–1978. These tests followed the '' 1971–1974 French nuclear tests'' series and preceded the '' 1979–1980 French nuclear tests'' series. References {{DEFAULTSORT:1975-78 French nuclear tests French nuclear weapons testing 1975 in France 1976 in France 1977 in France 1978 in France 1979 in France ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
1971–74 French Nuclear Tests
France carried out a series of 24 nuclear test Nuclear weapons tests are experiments carried out to determine nuclear weapons' effectiveness, Nuclear weapon yield, yield, and explosive capability. Testing nuclear weapons offers practical information about how the weapons function, how detona ...s from 1971–1974 These tests followed the 1966–1970 French nuclear tests series and preceded the 1975–1978 French nuclear tests. Notes References {{DEFAULTSORT:1971-74 French nuclear tests French nuclear weapons testing 1971 in France 1972 in France 1973 in France 1974 in France 1971 in the French colonial empire 1972 in the French colonial empire 1973 in the French colonial empire 1974 in the French colonial empire ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
