|
Four Eminent Monks Of The Wanli Era
The Four Eminent Monks of the Wanli Era (traditional Chinese: 萬曆四高僧; pinyin: ''Wànlì Sì Gāosēng''; Wade–Giles: ''Wan-li Ssu Kao-seng'') refers to four prominent monks known of the Wanli Era (1573–1620). They were well-known for their ecumenism, arguing for the compatibility of Buddhism, Confucianism, and Daoism, but emphasising the superiority of Buddhism over the latter two. They were: # Hanshan Deqing (憨山德清; 1546–1623) # Daguan Zhenke (達觀真可; 1543–1603) # Yunqi Zhuhong (雲棲株宏;1535–1615) # Ouyi Zhixu (蕅益智旭; 1599–1655) According to Jiang Wu, the Four Eminent Monks of the Wanli era "set their minds on scholasticism and meditation without interest in expanding their influence on monastic institutions," and thus, their influence did not largely extend into the Qing Dynasty (1644–1912). In contrast, the monastics of the transitional period between the Ming The Ming dynasty (), officially the Great Ming, was an Dyn ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Traditional Chinese Characters
Traditional Chinese characters are one type of standard Chinese character sets of the contemporary written Chinese. The traditional characters had taken shapes since the clerical change and mostly remained in the same structure they took at the introduction of the regular script in the 2nd century. Over the following centuries, traditional characters were regarded as the standard form of printed Chinese characters or literary Chinese throughout the Sinosphere until the middle of the 20th century, before different script reforms initiated by countries using Chinese characters as a writing system. Traditional Chinese characters remain in common use in Taiwan, Hong Kong and Macau, as well as in most overseas Chinese communities outside Southeast Asia; in addition, Hanja in Korean language remains virtually identical to traditional characters, which is still used to a certain extent in South Korea, despite differing standards used among these countries over some variant Chine ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Pinyin
Hanyu Pinyin (), often shortened to just pinyin, is the official romanization system for Standard Mandarin Chinese in China, and to some extent, in Singapore and Malaysia. It is often used to teach Mandarin, normally written in Chinese form, to learners already familiar with the Latin alphabet. The system includes four diacritics denoting tones, but pinyin without tone marks is used to spell Chinese names and words in languages written in the Latin script, and is also used in certain computer input methods to enter Chinese characters. The word ' () literally means "Han language" (i.e. Chinese language), while ' () means "spelled sounds". The pinyin system was developed in the 1950s by a group of Chinese linguists including Zhou Youguang and was based on earlier forms of romanizations of Chinese. It was published by the Chinese Government in 1958 and revised several times. The International Organization for Standardization (ISO) adopted pinyin as an international standard ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Wade–Giles
Wade–Giles () is a romanization system for Mandarin Chinese. It developed from a system produced by Thomas Francis Wade, during the mid-19th century, and was given completed form with Herbert A. Giles's '' Chinese–English Dictionary'' of 1892. The romanization systems in common use until the late 19th century were based on the Nanjing dialect, but Wade–Giles was based on the Beijing dialect and was the system of transcription familiar in the English-speaking world for most of the 20th century. Both of these kinds of transcription were used in postal romanizations (romanized place-names standardized for postal uses). In mainland China Wade–Giles has been mostly replaced by the Hanyu Pinyin romanization system, which was officially adopted in 1958, with exceptions for the romanized forms of some of the most commonly-used names of locations and persons, and other proper nouns. The romanized name for most locations, persons and other proper nouns in Taiwan is based on th ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Wanli (era)
Wanli () (2 February 1573 – 27 August 1620) was the Chinese era name, era name of the Wanli Emperor, the 14th emperor of Ming dynasty of China. Comparison table Other eras contemporaneous with Wanli * China ** ''Tianming'' (天命, 1616–1626): Later Jin (1616–1636), Later Jin — era name of Nurhaci ** ''Hongwu'' (弘武, 1619): Ming period — era name of Li Xin (李新) ** ''Tianzhenhun'' (天真混, 1619): Ming period — era name of Li Wen (李文) * Vietnam ** ''Gia Thái'' (嘉泰, 1573–1577): Lê dynasty, Later Lê dynasty — era name of Lê Thế Tông ** ''Quang Hưng'' (光興, 1578–1599): Later Lê dynasty — era name of Lê Thế Tông ** ''Thận Đức'' (慎德, 1600): Later Lê dynasty — era name of Lê Kính Tông ** ''Hoằng Định'' (弘定, 1600–1619): Later Lê dynasty — era name of Lê Kính Tông ** ''Vĩnh Tộ'' (永祚, 1619–1629): Later Lê dynasty — era name of Lê Thần Tông ** ''Sùng Khang'' (崇康, 1568–1578): Mạc dy ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Hanshan Deqing
Hānshān Déqīng () (1546–1623), formerly transliterated Han-Shan Te-Ch’ing, was a leading Buddhist monk and poet of Ming dynasty China who widely propagated the teachings of Chán and Pure Land Buddhism. Life According to his autobiography, Hanshan Deqing entered a monastic school in Nanjing’s Bao’en temple at the age of twelve. While there he studied literature as well as religious subjects and began writing poetry when he was 17. Two years later he was ordained as a Chan monk under the Buddhist name of Cheng Yin. When the monastery burned down in 1566, he busied himself for some years in keeping the community together and raising money for repairs. Then in 1571 he set out as a religious wanderer, going from monastery to monastery in search of instruction and growing in meditative attainment. After four years he settled on Mount Wutai but by 1583 he had become famous as a Buddhist Master and set out travelling to remote areas again. It was at this time that he p ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Daguan Zhenke
{{disambig ...
Daguan may refer to: * Daguan County, in Zhaotong, Yunnan, China * Daguan District, in Anqing, Anhui, China * Daguan Park in Kunming, China. *Daguan Yuan, a large garden in the classic novel ''Dream of the Red Chamber'' * Daguan, an era name of the Chinese Song dynasty emperor, Huizong of Song Emperor Huizong of Song (7 June 1082 – 4 June 1135), personal name Zhao Ji, was the eighth emperor of the Northern Song dynasty of China. He was also a very well-known calligrapher. Born as the 11th son of Emperor Shenzong, he ascended the ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Zhu Hong
Yunqi Zhuhong (; 1535–1615), also named Zhuhong, was a Chinese Buddhist leader during the Ming Dynasty. He was known as the “Master of Yunqi”, after a monastery restored in his honor. He was born in Hangzhou into a family with the surname Shen. Zhuhong was reportedly an excellent student, although he never succeeded along the path of officialdom. His first connection to Buddhism was that of the Pure Land variety. After failure in the official examinations he became a monk at thirty-one despite the existence of his second wife, who later became a nun. Zhuhong died at the age of eighty-one. Zhuhong is remembered for his persistent opposition to Roman Catholicism, and for his analysis of the Pure Land tradition of Buddhism. Zhuhong's anti-Catholic writings are a direct rebuttal to the Jesuit Matteo Ricci (利瑪竇). Along with Yuan Hongdao, Zhuhong wrote extensively on the Pure Land and defended its tradition against other Buddhist critics, as well as analyzing the Pure Lan ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Qing Dynasty
The Qing dynasty ( ), officially the Great Qing,, was a Manchu-led imperial dynasty of China and the last orthodox dynasty in Chinese history. It emerged from the Later Jin dynasty founded by the Jianzhou Jurchens, a Tungusic-speaking ethnic group who unified other Jurchen tribes to form a new "Manchu" ethnic identity. The dynasty was officially proclaimed in 1636 in Manchuria (modern-day Northeast China and Outer Manchuria). It seized control of Beijing in 1644, then later expanded its rule over the whole of China proper and Taiwan, and finally expanded into Inner Asia. The dynasty lasted until 1912 when it was overthrown in the Xinhai Revolution. In orthodox Chinese historiography, the Qing dynasty was preceded by the Ming dynasty and succeeded by the Republic of China. The multiethnic Qing dynasty lasted for almost three centuries and assembled the territorial base for modern China. It was the largest imperial dynasty in the history of China and in 1790 the f ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ming Dynasty
The Ming dynasty (), officially the Great Ming, was an Dynasties in Chinese history, imperial dynasty of China, ruling from 1368 to 1644 following the collapse of the Mongol Empire, Mongol-led Yuan dynasty. The Ming dynasty was the last orthodox dynasty of China ruled by the Han Chinese, Han people, the majority ethnic group in China. Although the primary capital of Beijing fell in 1644 to a rebellion led by Li Zicheng (who established the short-lived Shun dynasty), numerous rump state, rump regimes ruled by remnants of the House of Zhu, Ming imperial family—collectively called the Southern Ming—survived until 1662. The Ming dynasty's founder, the Hongwu Emperor (r. 1368–1398), attempted to create a society of self-sufficient rural communities ordered in a rigid, immobile system that would guarantee and support a permanent class of soldiers for his dynasty: the empire's standing army exceeded one million troops and the naval history of China, navy's dockyards in Nanjin ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Miyun Yuanwu
Miyun Yuanwu ( Chinese: 密雲圓悟, pinyin: Mìyún Yuánwù; Japanese: 密雲円悟, Hepburn: Mitsuun Engo; 1566–1642) was a prominent Chinese Chan master of the Linji sect. Born in Changzhou, in modern Jiangsu Province, to a prominent family, and was educated as a Confucian. In 1594, after reading the ''Platform Sutra of the Sixth Patriarch'', he left his wife and children and immediately ordained under master Huanyou Zhengchua of Yuwang Monastery in Changzhou. In 1603, his master left for Beijing and left him in charge of the monastery. At that time, he is said to have attained sudden awakening, and in the next decade became famous for his distinctive development of Chan teaching methods, reviving the "beating and shouting" of Linji. Career In 1611, Miyun received Dharma transmission from his master, Huanyou, and became the abbot of Longchiyuan Temple in 1614. Additionally, he became the abbot of Tongxuan Temple on Mount Tiantai (1623), Guanghui Temple in Zheji ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
