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Fortress Church
A fortress church (german: Kirchenburg) is a particular type of church that, in addition to its religious functions is also used by the local population as a retreat and defensive position, similar to a refuge castle. A fortress church usually implies that the church is enclosed by its own fortifications, such as curtain walls and defensive towers. By comparison, a church with simple defensive features, such as battlements and embrasures on the church itself, is usually just referred to as a fortified church. Architectural history The fortress church is typically surrounded by defensive walls equipped with wall towers and wall walks. It is a development of the fortified churches, whose defensive walls were also the actual walls of the church. Although the terms are often used interchangeably without clear distinction, a fortified church properly refers to a single building whereas a fortress church is a building complex. Construction of defensible churches evolved over time. E ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Prejmer 200609
Prejmer (german: Tartlau; hu, Prázsmár) is a commune in Brașov County, Transylvania, Romania. It is composed of three villages: Lunca Câlnicului (''Farkasvágó''), Prejmer, and Stupinii Prejmerului (''Rohrau''; ''Méheskert''). Located northeast of Brașov, the Olt River passes through the commune. At the 2011 census, 90.7% of inhabitants were Romanians, 6.3% Roma, 1.9% Hungarians and 0.8% Germans. History The Teutonic Knights constructed the fortress Tartlau in 1212–1213 as part of their colonization of the Burzenland region. The town of Prejmer near the castle had begun development by 1225, and was the easternmost settlement of the Transylvanian Saxons. Prejmer was repeatedly invaded throughout the Middle Ages by various groups, including the Mongols, Tatars, Hungarians, Ottoman Turks, Cossacks, and Moldavians. However, the castle was only captured once, by Gabriel Báthory in 1611. Most of Prejmer's German population fled the commune after the Romanian Revolution o ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Villages With Fortified Churches In Transylvania
The south-eastern Transylvania region in Romania currently has one of the highest numbers of existing fortified churches from the 13th to 16th centuries. It has more than 150 well preserved fortified churches of a great variety of architectural styles (out of an original 300 fortified churches). Listed as a UNESCO World Heritage Site, Villages with Fortified Churches in Transylvania are seven villages (six Saxon and one Székely) founded by the Transylvanian Saxons. They are dominated by fortified churches and characterized by a specific settlement pattern that has been preserved since the Late Middle Ages.Villages with Fortified Churches in Transylvania. UNESCO World Heritage Centre 1992-2010 The list The seven villages listed as a |
Sülzbach (Obersulm)
Obersulm is a municipality in the district of Heilbronn, Baden-Württemberg, Germany, formed in the 1970s as a merger of the formerly independent municipalities Affaltrach, Eichelberg, Eschenau, Sülzbach, Weiler, and Willsbach. It is situated 12 km east of Heilbronn. Its name refers to its geographical location in the upper ("Ober-") valley of the small river Sulm. The nineteenth-century synagogue A synagogue, ', 'house of assembly', or ', "house of prayer"; Yiddish: ''shul'', Ladino: or ' (from synagogue); or ', "community". sometimes referred to as shul, and interchangeably used with the word temple, is a Jewish house of worshi ... has been restored. See also * Jews in Affaltrach References Heilbronn (district) {{Heilbronndistrict-geo-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Merklingen (Weil Der Stadt)
Merklingen is a municipality in the district of Alb-Donau in Baden-Württemberg in Germany. Geographical location Merklingen is located on the plateau of the Swabian Jura, about 20 kilometers northwest of Ulm, between Geislingen and Blaubeuren. Expansion of the municipality The district is approximately 21.31 square kilometers. Neighboring communities The neighboring communities of Merklingen are (clockwise from north): Nellingen, Dornstadt, Laichingen (all Alb-Donau-Kreis), Hohenstadt, Drackenstein, Bad Ditzenbach (all Göppingen district). Municipality arrangement Merklingen, consisting of the main town and the hamlet Widderstall, remained an independent municipality with its own administration. Air The climate is: dry summers, fog in autumn, cold winters. History In 861, we find the first mention of Merklingen as Marchelingen in a document of the monastery of Wiesensteig. Since 1482 the place belonged to the territory of the Free imperial city of Ulm. Merklingen came in 1810 ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Laichingen
Laichingen is a town in the district of Alb-Donau near Ulm in Baden-Württemberg, Germany. It has 10,964 inhabitants (2005). Geography Geographical location Laichingen is located on the Laichingen Alb, a branch of the Swabian Jura. It is located on a former volcanic vent on the Alb plateau, about 25 kilometers west of Ulm. Neighboring communities The municipality borders to Hohenstadt in Göppingen district, in the east to Merklingen and Dornstadt, on the south to Berghülen, to the town Blaubeuren and Heroldstatt and on the west to Gutsbezirk Münsingen and to Römerstein, both in the district of Reutlingen and to Westerheim. History In 1364 offered Charles IV, Holy Roman Emperor the town privileges to the population, these however rejected, allegedly because they did not want to build any walls. The tradition of Laichingen linen weaving goes back until the Middle Ages. The poor soils on the Alb gave only small harvests, and so the inhabitants have relied on the growing of ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Kutina
Kutina is a town in central Croatia, the largest settlement in the hilly region of Moslavina, in the Sisak-Moslavina County. The town proper has a population of 13,735 (2011), while the total municipal population is 22,760. The settlement of Kutina was first mentioned in the historical records in 1256. It is the industrial center of the region with petrochemical industry – Petrokemija d.d., electronic components production – SELK d.d., and a variety of smaller entrepreneurships. There is a long mass-media tradition in Kutina, with Moslavački list ocal newspaperand Radio Moslavina ocal radio station The initial headquarters of the Nezavisna Televizija (NeT), a regional commercial TV station, were stationed in Voloder near Kutina. Kutina is widely known for its active youth scene and the alternative-oriented club Baraka. The main attractions are Lonjsko polje nature park, baroque fortress church of Saint Mary of the Snow, old wooden houses called Trijem (eng. Porch) or Č ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Maria Saal
Maria Saal ( sl, Gospa Sveta) is a market town in the district of Klagenfurt-Land in the Austrian state of Carinthia. It is located in the east of the historic Zollfeld plain (''Gosposvetsko polje''), the wide valley of the Glan river. The municipality includes the cadastral communes of Kading, Karnburg, Möderndorf, Possau and St. Michael am Zollfeld. History The Zollfeld valley has been a cultural and political centre since Celtic tribes settled in the region. When their kingdom of Noricum had become a province of the Roman Empire in 15 BC, Emperor Claudius had the city of Virunum erected as the province's capital at the foot of the nearby Magdalensberg, where on the hill top a splendid Celtic settlement had already existed. Virunum became a centre of early Christianity in the early 4th century as the see of a bishop under the jurisdiction of the Patriarch of Aquileia. When pagan Slavic tribes entered the region around 590, they settled in a place called Krnski Grad (German: ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Eisenerz (Styria)
Eisenerz (; "Iron ore") is a market place and old mining town in the Austrian state of Styria, . N.W. of Graz by rail. Pop. (2001) 6,400. It is situated in the deep Erzbach (Enns), Erzbach Valley, dominated on the east by the :de:Pfaffenstein (Hochschwabgruppe), Pfaffenstein , on the west by the Kaiserschild , and on the south by the Erzberg . It has a medieval fortified church, a gothic architecture, Gothic edifice founded by Rudolph of Habsburg in the 13th century and rebuilt in the 16th century. At the turn of the past century the ''Erzberg'' (Ore Mountain) furnished such rich ore that it was quarried in the open air like stone, in the summer months. There is documentary evidence of the mines having been worked as far back as the 12th century. They afforded employment to two or three thousand hands in summer and about half as many in winter, and yielded some 800,000 tons of iron per annum. During World War II, a subcamp of Mauthausen concentration camp was located here. It pro ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Field Stone
Fieldstone is a naturally occurring type of stone, which lies at or near the surface of the Earth. Fieldstone is a nuisance for farmers seeking to expand their land under cultivation, but at some point it began to be used as a construction material. Strictly speaking, it is stone collected from the surface of fields where it occurs naturally. Collections of fieldstones which have been removed from arable land or pasture to allow for more effective agriculture are called clearance cairns. In practice, fieldstone is any architectural stone used in its natural shape and can be applied to stones recovered from the topsoil or subsoil. Although fieldstone is generally used to describe such material when used for exterior walls, it has come to include its use in other ways including garden features and interiors. It is sometimes cut or split for use in architecture. Glacial deposition Fieldstone is common in soils throughout temperate latitudes due to glacial deposition. The type of f ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
