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Forster–Decker Method
The Forster–Decker method is a series of chemical reactions that transform a primary amine (1) ultimately to a secondary amine (6). The first step is the formation of a Schiff base (3), followed by alkylation, and hydrolysis. Mechanism 1. The first step in the Forster-Decker Method is the formation of an imine (Schiff base) from a primary amine. * Step A: Nucleophilic attack on the aldehyde by a primary amine * Step B: Proton Transfer - creating carbinolamine * Step C: Protonation of hydroxyl oxygen of carbinolamine * Step D: Formation of iminium ion by losing water molecule * Step E: Deprotonation giving imine product 2. The next step is alkylation of the imine product to form iminium ion. * Step F: Alkylation of imine product with X-R' where X = Cl, Br or I 3. The final step is hydrolysis of the iminium ion to form a secondary amine and regenerate the aldehyde starting material. * Step G: Nucleophilic attack by a water molecule * Step H: Proton transfers: shown in the ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Chemical Reaction
A chemical reaction is a process that leads to the IUPAC nomenclature for organic transformations, chemical transformation of one set of chemical substances to another. Classically, chemical reactions encompass changes that only involve the positions of electrons in the forming and breaking of chemical bonds between atoms, with no change to the Atomic nucleus, nuclei (no change to the elements present), and can often be described by a chemical equation. Nuclear chemistry is a sub-discipline of chemistry that involves the chemical reactions of unstable and radioactive Chemical element, elements where both electronic and nuclear changes can occur. The substance (or substances) initially involved in a chemical reaction are called reagent, reactants or reagents. Chemical reactions are usually characterized by a chemical change, and they yield one or more Product (chemistry), products, which usually have properties different from the reactants. Reactions often consist of a sequence o ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Amine
In chemistry, amines (, ) are compounds and functional groups that contain a basic nitrogen atom with a lone pair. Amines are formally derivatives of ammonia (), wherein one or more hydrogen atoms have been replaced by a substituent such as an alkyl or aryl group (these may respectively be called alkylamines and arylamines; amines in which both types of substituent are attached to one nitrogen atom may be called alkylarylamines). Important amines include amino acids, biogenic amines, trimethylamine, and aniline; Inorganic derivatives of ammonia are also called amines, such as monochloramine (). The substituent is called an amino group. Compounds with a nitrogen atom attached to a carbonyl group, thus having the structure , are called amides and have different chemical properties from amines. Classification of amines Amines can be classified according to the nature and number of substituents on nitrogen. Aliphatic amines contain only H and alkyl substituents. A ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
