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Flămânda Offensive
The Flămânda Offensive (or Flămânda Maneuver), which took place during World War I between 29 September and 5 October 1916, was an offensive across the Danube mounted by the Romanian Third Army (Romania), 3rd Army supported by Romanian coastal artillery. Named after the hamlet of Prundu, Flămânda, the battle represented a consistent effort by the Romanian Army to stop the Central Powers' southern offensive led by August von Mackensen. The battle ended as a tactical victory for the Central Powers. Background Romania joined the Allies of World War I, Allies in in August 1916 when its forces Battle of Transylvania, invaded Transylvania across the border in the Carpathian Mountains. The Romanian forces quickly defeated the small number of Austro-Hungarian forces based in the border area and started their advance into Austro-Hungarian territory, but were soon halted. Meanwhile, a Central Powers force comprising Bulgarian, German and Turkish troops and led by August von Mackense ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Romanian Campaign (World War I)
The Kingdom of Romania was neutral for the first two years of World War I, entering on the side of the Allied powers from 27 August 1916 until Central Power occupation led to the Treaty of Bucharest in May 1918, before reentering the war on 10 November 1918. It had the most significant oil fields in Europe, and Germany eagerly bought its petroleum, as well as food exports. From the point of view of its belligerent status, Romania was a neutral country between 28 July 1914 and 27 August 1916, a belligerent country on the part of the Entente from 27 August 1916 to 9 December 1917, in a state of armistice with the Central Powers from 10 December 1917 to 7 May 1918, a non-combatant country between 7 May 1918 and 10 November 1918, and finally a belligerent country in the Entente between 10 and 11 November 1918. At the start of World War I, King Carol I of Romania favored Germany, while the nation's political elite favored the Entente. As such, the crown council took the decision to ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Allies Of World War I
The Allies of World War I, Entente Powers, or Allied Powers were a coalition of countries led by France, the United Kingdom, Russia, Italy, Japan, and the United States against the Central Powers of Germany, Austria-Hungary, the Ottoman Empire, Bulgaria, and their colonies during the First World War (1914–1918). By the end of the first decade of the 20th century, the major European powers were divided between the Triple Entente and the Triple Alliance. The Triple Entente was made up of France, Britain, and Russia. The Triple Alliance was originally composed of Germany, Austria–Hungary, and Italy, but Italy remained neutral in 1914. As the war progressed, each coalition added new members. Japan joined the Entente in 1914 and after proclaiming its neutrality at the beginning of the war, Italy also joined the Entente in 1915. The term "Allies" became more widely used than "Entente", although France, Britain, Russia, and Italy were also referred to as the Quadruple Entente ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Yugoslav Monitor Sava
The Yugoslav monitor ''Sava'' is a ''Temes''-class river monitor that was built for the Austro-Hungarian Navy as SMS ''Bodrog''. She fired the first shots of World War I just after 01:00 on 29 July 1914, when she and two other monitors shelled Serbian defences near Belgrade. She was part of the Danube Flotilla, and fought the Serbian and Romanian armies from Belgrade to the mouth of the Danube. In the closing stages of the war, she was the last monitor to withdraw towards Budapest, but was captured by the Serbs when she grounded on a sandbank downstream from Belgrade. After the war, she was transferred to the newly created Kingdom of Serbs, Croats and Slovenes (later Yugoslavia), and renamed ''Sava''. She remained in service throughout the interwar period, although budget restrictions meant she was not always in full commission. During the German-led Axis invasion of Yugoslavia in April 1941, ''Sava'' served with the 1st Monitor Division. Along with her fellow monitor , s ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Austro-Hungarian Navy
The Austro-Hungarian Navy or Imperial and Royal War Navy (german: kaiserliche und königliche Kriegsmarine, in short ''k.u.k. Kriegsmarine'', hu, Császári és Királyi Haditengerészet) was the naval force of Austria-Hungary. Ships of the Austro-Hungarian Navy were designated ''SMS'', for ''Seiner Majestät Schiff'' (His Majesty's Ship). The k.u.k. Kriegsmarine came into being after the formation of Austria-Hungary in 1867, and ceased to exist in 1918 upon the Empire's defeat and subsequent collapse at the end of World War I. Prior to 1867, the Imperial Austrian Navy or simply the Austrian Navy, saw action in the French Revolutionary Wars, the Napoleonic Wars, the Austrian expedition against Morocco (1829), the Second Egyptian–Ottoman War, the First and Second Wars of Italian Independence, the Second Schleswig War, and the Third War of Italian Independence. Following Austria's defeat by Prussia and Italy during the Seven Weeks' War, the Austrian Empire reformed itself i ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Zimnicea
Zimnicea () is a town in Teleorman County, Romania (in the historic region of Muntenia), a port on the Danube opposite the Bulgarian city of Svishtov. Geography Zimnicea is situated on the left bank of the Danube river. It is the southernmost place in Romania and a harbour on the Danube river. The distance between the Zimnicea and Bucharest is , and the distance to Alexandria (capital of Teleorman County) is about . Zimnicea is served around the clock by the Svishtov-Zimnicea ferry – a regularly scheduled Roll-on/roll-off ferry across the Danube between Zimnicea and Svishtov, Bulgaria. The ferry shortens the road path to and from Turkey to Central and Western Europe by when compared to the traditional route over the Danube Bridge at Ruse-Giurgiu and allows a time gain of nearly 4 hours thus avoiding the traffic in and around the city of Bucharest. History Zimnicea developed near a Geto-Dacian fortress (about west of town centre). Traditional agriculture, fishing, iron proce ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Oltenița
Oltenița () is a city in Călărași County, Muntenia, Romania, on the left bank of the river Argeș, where its waters flow into the Danube. Geography The city is located in the southwestern part of the county; it stands across the Danube from the Bulgarian city of Tutrakan. The national road DN4 connects Oltenița to Bucharest, to the northwest. Road connects it to the county seat, Călărași, to the east, and road connects it to Giurgiu, to the west. The Oltenița train station, located near the intersection of those three roads, serves the CFR Line 801, which connects the city to Bucharest (Titan Sud and Obor stations). History Excavations on Gumelnița hill near the city revealed a Neolithic settlement dating from the 4th millennium BC. The first mention of a town bearing the name Oltenița appears in 1515 during the reign of Neagoe Basarab. In November 1853, at the start of the Crimean War the Ottoman forces attempted to cross the river at this point and ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Tervel (town)
Tervel ( bg, Тервел, ) is a town in northeastern Bulgaria, part of Dobrich Province. It is the administrative centre of Tervel Municipality, which lies in the westernmost part of the province. As of December 2009, the town has a population of 6,667 inhabitants. History The old Ottoman Turkish name of the town was ''Kurtbunar'' ("well of the wolves"): the village was first mentioned in Ottoman tax registers of 1673, although the area has been inhabited continuously since antiquity by the Getae tribe of Thracians, then the Slavs and the Bulgars, and constituted a part of the Bulgarian Empire during most of the Middle Ages. In 1878, Kurtbunar became part of the newly liberated Principality of Bulgaria and it was promoted to a district centre of Silistra County on 26 July 1882. The village was part of Romania along with all of Southern Dobruja between 1913 and 1940, and the name was rendered as ''Curtbunar''. It was also a district centre of Durostor County under Romanian rule. ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Cobadin
Cobadin is a commune in Constanța County, Northern Dobruja, Romania. The commune includes five villages: *Cobadin (historical names: ''Cobadinu'', tr, Kobadin) *Viișoara (historical name: ''Caciamac'', tr, Kaçamak) *Negrești (historical name: ''Carabacâ'', tr, Karabağ') *Conacu (historical name: ''Beșaul'') *Curcani (historical name: ''Chertic-Punar'', tr, Kertikpınar) - disestablished by Presidential Decree before 1990, the village is nevertheless listed in the official settlements register The territory of the commune also includes the former village of ''Frasinu'' (historical name: ''Terzi-Veli''), at , nominally merged with Curcani by the 1968 administrative reform. Two battles were fought on the territory of the commune and in the surrounding area during World War I: the First Battle of Cobadin (September 17–19, 1916), and the Second Battle of Cobadin (October 19–25, 1916). Population As of 2011, the population of the commune was 8,346, out of which: * 6,480 ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Andrei Zayonchkovski
Andrei Medardovich Zayonchkovsky (russian: Андре́й Меда́рдович Зайончко́вский) ( – 22 March 1926) commanded the defence of the Romanian-Bulgarian border in Dobruja upon Romania's entry into World War I in August 1916. Biography After graduation from the Nicholas School of Military Engineering (Nikolaevskoe Inzhenernoe Uchilishche) in 1882, Zayonchkovsky served in the 5th Sapper Battalion. In 1888 he graduated from the General Staff Academy and served in various staff positions. During the Russo-Japanese War he commanded the 85th Vyborg Infantry Regiment and the 2nd brigade of the 3rd Siberian Infantry Division. During World War I Zayonchkovsky commanded first the 30th Army Corps. Following Romania's entry into the war on 27 August 1916, he commanded the Russian-Romanian Dobruja Army in charge of defending Dobruja against the Central Powers. He was relieved by general Dmitry Shcherbachev in April 1917 and was in retirement by the time of t ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Dobruja Army
The Dobruja Army was a World War I Russian, Romanian and Serbian field army that fought on the Romanian Front. Field management was established in August 1916. The army was based primarily on the newly established 47th Army Corps and was sent to Romania to help defend Dobruja from a Bulgarian-German attack from the south. The core of the Dobruja Army was the 47th Russian Army Corps. The Commander of the Army was General Andrei Zayonchkovski. The components of the Army were: * The 47th Army Corps. * Separate Romanian and Serbian divisions. The Dobruja Army was disbanded in October 1916 after the loss of the Cernavodă– Constanța line (following the Second Battle of Cobadin) and became part of the Russian Danube Army. References See also * List of Russian armies in World War I List of Russian armies in World War I This page is a list of Russian army formations existing during World War I. * 1st Army * 2nd Army * 3rd Army * 4th Army * 5th Army * 6th Army * ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Army Group
An army group is a military organization consisting of several field armies, which is self-sufficient for indefinite periods. It is usually responsible for a particular geographic area. An army group is the largest field organization handled by a single commander – usually a full general or field marshal – and it generally includes between 400,000 and 1,000,000 soldiers. In the Polish Armed Forces and former Soviet Red Army an army group was known as a Front. The equivalent of an army group in the Imperial Japanese Army was a "general army" (). Army groups may be multi-national formations. For example, during World War II, the Southern Group of Armies (also known as the U.S. 6th Army Group) comprised the U.S. Seventh Army and the French First Army; the 21st Army Group comprised the British Second Army, the Canadian First Army and the US Ninth Army. In both Commonwealth and U.S. usage, the number of an army group is expressed in Arabic numerals (e.g., "12th Army Group"), wh ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Crown Council Of Romania
The Crown Council ( ro, Consiliul de Coroană) was an institution that advised the King of Romania. Informal between 1866 and 1938, it was formalized by the 1938 Constitution, in effect for two years. The forum met on occasions of great national importance. It had a purely advisory role, and was convoked by the King on the government's advice.Ioan Mamina, ''Consilii de Coroană'', pp. 7-9. Editura Enciclopedica, 1997, In 2010, the council was once again re-established by King Michael I on October 10, which succeeded the Political and Advisory Committee’ set up by the King during his exile and after 1989 Romanian Revolution. List of Crown Councils The Crown Councils that took place and the issues discussed were the following: Institutionalization of the Crown Council At the beginning of 1938, King Carol II decided to abolish the parliamentary regime and established a regime of personal authority, enshrined in law by drafting, approving by plebiscite and then promulgating ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
