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Fisheries Co-management
Fisheries co-management is flexible and cooperative management of the aquatic resources by the user groups and the government.Sen S., Nielsen JR. 1996. Fisheries co-management: a comparative analysis. Marine Policy 20(5):405–418. The responsibility of the resource is shared between the user groups and the government, both the community and the government are involved during the decision making, implementation and enforcement processes. Types of co-management Depending on the level of participation between the government and the community, five different types of co-management have been identified. * Instructive Instructive management is wikt:top-down, top down management from the government.Jentoft S., Bonnie McCay, McCay B. 1995. User participation in fisheries management: Lessons drawn from international experiences. Marine Policy 19(3): 227–246. The government instructs the fishermen as to what laws and policies they are required to follow. Information is only shared with ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Top-down
Top-down may refer to: Arts and entertainment * " Top Down", a 2007 song by Swizz Beatz * "Top Down", a song by Lil Yachty from ''Lil Boat 3'' * "Top Down", a song by Fifth Harmony from ''Reflection'' Science * Top-down reading, is a part of reading science that explains the reader's psycholinguistic strategies in using grammatical and lexical knowledge for comprehension rather than linearly decoding texts. * Top-down proteomics, a method for protein analysis * Top-down effects, effects of population density on a resource in a soil food web * Neural top–down control of physiology *Top-down processing, in Pattern recognition (psychology) Computing * Top-down and bottom-up design of information ordering * Top-down parsing, a parsing strategy beginning at the highest level of the parse tree **Top-down parsing language, an analytic formal grammar to study top-down parsers * Top-down perspective, a camera angle in computer and video games * Top-down shooter, a subgenre of video ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Bonnie McCay
Bonnie McCay (born 6 October 1941) is an anthropologist and Board of Governors Distinguished Service Professor Emerita at Rutgers University. Her research has focused on the anthropological and social aspects of common property theory, with particular emphasis on fisheries management and human–environment relations in marine areas. Her critique of the concept of tragedy of the commons predates the more well-known work by Elinor Ostrom. McCay studied at Valparaiso University from 1959 to 1960 and at the University of California, Berkeley from 1960 to 1962 before completing a B.A. in anthropology at Portland State University in 1969. She then went to Columbia University for her graduate studies, completing her Ph.D. in 1976 under the supervision of Andrew P. Vayda, who in the meantime had moved from Columbia to Rutgers. She joined Vayda on the Rutgers faculty in 1974, first as an instructor at Cook College, and then beginning in 1975 as a tenure-track faculty member.. She became a ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Total Allowable Catch
The Common Fisheries Policy (CFP) is the fisheries policy of the European Union (EU). It sets quotas for which member states are allowed to catch each type of fish, as well as encouraging the fishing industry by various market interventions. In 2004 it had a budget of €931 million, approximately 0.75% of the EU budget. When it came into force in 2009, the Treaty of Lisbon formally enshrined fisheries conservation policy as one of the handful of "exclusive competences" reserved for the European Union, to be decided by Qualified Majority Voting. However, general fisheries policy remains a "shared competence" of the Union and its member states. Decisions are now made by the Council of the European Union, and the European Parliament acting together under the co-decision procedure. The Common Fisheries Policy was created to manage fish stock for the European Union as a whole. Article 38 of the 1957 Treaty of Rome, which created the European Communities (now European Union), ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Catch Per Unit Effort
In fisheries and conservation biology, the catch per unit effort (CPUE) is an indirect measure of the abundance of a target species. Changes in the catch per unit effort are inferred to signify changes to the target species' true abundance. A decreasing CPUE indicates overexploitation, while an unchanging CPUE indicates sustainable harvesting. CPUE has a number of advantages over other methods of measuring abundance. It does not interfere with routine harvesting operations, and data are easily collected. The data are also easy to analyse, even for non-specialists, in contrast to methods based on transects. This means that decisions about stock management can also be made by the people doing the harvesting. The best practice is to standardise the effort employed (''e.g.'' number of traps or duration of searching), which controls for the reduction in catch size that often results from subsequent efforts. Although CPUE is a relative measure of abundance, it can be used to estimate ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Community Management
Community management or common-pool resource management is the management of a common resource or issue by a community through the collective action of volunteers and stakeholders. The resource managed can be either material or informational. Examples include the management of common grazing and water rights, fisheries, and open-source software. In the case of physical resources, community management strategies are frequently employed to avoid the tragedy of the commons and to encourage sustainability. It is expected that community management allows for the management, usually of natural resources, to come from members of the community that these decisions will affect. This should allow for a better way of finding solutions that the community will find most effective since management styles are not always transferable across different regions; and this could be because of cultural, economic, or geographical differences. It is expected that the group members within this setting hav ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Non-governmental Organizations
A non-governmental organization (NGO) or non-governmental organisation (see spelling differences) is an organization that generally is formed independent from government. They are typically nonprofit entities, and many of them are active in humanitarianism or the social sciences; they can also include clubs and associations that provide services to their members and others. Surveys indicate that NGOs have a high degree of public trust, which can make them a useful proxy for the concerns of society and stakeholders. However, NGOs can also be lobby groups for corporations, such as the World Economic Forum. NGOs are distinguished from international and intergovernmental organizations (''IOs'') in that the latter are more directly involved with sovereign states and their governments. The term as it is used today was first introduced in Article 71 of the newly-formed United Nations' Charter in 1945. While there is no fixed or formal definition for what NGOs are, they are general ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Community Management
Community management or common-pool resource management is the management of a common resource or issue by a community through the collective action of volunteers and stakeholders. The resource managed can be either material or informational. Examples include the management of common grazing and water rights, fisheries, and open-source software. In the case of physical resources, community management strategies are frequently employed to avoid the tragedy of the commons and to encourage sustainability. It is expected that community management allows for the management, usually of natural resources, to come from members of the community that these decisions will affect. This should allow for a better way of finding solutions that the community will find most effective since management styles are not always transferable across different regions; and this could be because of cultural, economic, or geographical differences. It is expected that the group members within this setting hav ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Bottom-up (other)
Bottom-up may refer to: * Bottom-up analysis, a fundamental analysis technique in accounting and finance * Bottom-up parsing, a computer science strategy * Bottom-up processing, in Pattern recognition (psychology) * Bottom-up theories of galaxy formation and evolution * Bottom-up tree automaton, in data structures * Bottom-up integration testing, in software testing * Top-down and bottom-up design, strategies of information processing and knowledge ordering * Bottom-up proteomics, a laboratory technique involving proteins * Bottom Up Records, a record label founded by Shyheim * Bottom-up approach of the Holocaust, a viewpoint on the causes of the Holocaust See also * Bottoms Up (other) * Top-down (other) * Capsizing, when a boat is turned upside down * Mundanity, an precursor of social movements * Social movements, bottom-up societal reform * Turtling (sailing) In dinghy sailing, a boat is said to be turtling or to turn turtle when the boat is fully invert ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Fisheries Science
Fisheries science is the academic discipline of managing and understanding fisheries. It is a multidisciplinary science, which draws on the disciplines of limnology, oceanography, freshwater biology, marine biology, meteorology, conservation, ecology, population dynamics, economics, statistics, decision analysis, management, and many others in an attempt to provide an integrated picture of fisheries. In some cases new disciplines have emerged, as in the case of bioeconomics and fisheries law. Because fisheries science is such an all-encompassing field, fisheries scientists often use methods from a broad array of academic disciplines. Over the most recent several decades, there have been declines in fish stocks (populations) in many regions along with increasing concern about the impact of intensive fishing on marine and freshwater biodiversity. Fisheries science is typically taught in a university setting, and can be the focus of an undergraduate, master's or Ph.D. program. Some ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
