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Finnish War Children
During World War II some 70,000 Finnish children ( fi, sotalapset, the 'war children' sv, krigsbarn) were evacuated from Finland, chiefly to Sweden, but also to Norway and Denmark.Korppi- Tommola, Aura"War and children in Finland during the Second World War." p. 445–455. Paedagogica Historica Vol. 44, No. 4, August 8, 2008 Most were evacuated during the Continuation War (1941–1944) to ease the situation for their parents who set out to rebuild their homes in the re-conquered Karelia (historical province of Finland), Karelia returning from the 1940 evacuation of Finnish Karelia. The first surge of evacuees arrived, however, during the Winter War when the Finns had reasons to fear a humanitarian catastrophe following the expected Soviet Union, Soviet occupation. Effects In retrospect, the evacuation has been considered psychologically flawed, as the separations turned out to inflict a far greater damage on the evacuees than the damage suffered by those children who had rem ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Mid-20th Century Baby Boom
The middle of the 20th century was marked by a significant and persistent increase in Total fertility rate, fertility rates in many countries of the world, especially in the Western world. The term ''baby boom'' is often used to refer to this particular boom, generally considered to have started immediately after World War II, although some demographers place it earlier or during the war. This terminology led to those born during this baby boom being nicknamed the Baby boomers, baby boomer generation. The boom coincided with a marriage boom. The increase in fertility was driven primarily by a decrease in childlessness and an increase in parity progression to a second child. In most of the Western countries, progression to a third child and beyond declined, which, coupled with aforementioned increase in transition to first and second child, resulted in higher homogeneity in family sizes. The baby boom was most prominent among educated and economically active women. The baby boom e ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Klaus Härö
Klaus Härö (born 31 March 1971 in Porvoo, Finland) is a Finnish film director. In 2004, he won Finland's State Prize for Art. Härö grew up in a Swedish-speaking Finnish family. He studied directing and attended screen writing seminars at the University of Industrial Arts in Helsinki. He has directed several feature films, including '' Elina: As If I Wasn't There'' (2003), '' Mother of Mine'' (2005) and '' The New Man'' (2007), as well as documentaries and short films. He works in both Sweden and Finland. In 2003 Klaus Härö received the Ingmar Bergman Award, the winner of which was chosen by Ingmar Bergman himself. Four of Härö's features were chosen as Finland's submission for the best foreign-language film category at the Oscars. Films *'' Elina: As If I Wasn't There'' (2003) *'' Mother of Mine'' (2005) *'' The New Man'' (2007) *''Letters to Father Jacob'' (2009) *''The Fencer'' (2015) *''One Last Deal'' (2018) *''Life After Death'' (2020) *''My Sailor, My Love'' (2022 ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
1940s In Sweden
Year 194 ( CXCIV) was a common year starting on Tuesday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar. At the time, it was known as the Year of the Consulship of Septimius and Septimius (or, less frequently, year 947 ''Ab urbe condita''). The denomination 194 for this year has been used since the early medieval period, when the Anno Domini calendar era became the prevalent method in Europe for naming years. Events By place Roman Empire * Emperor Septimius Severus and Decimus Clodius Septimius Albinus Caesar become Roman Consuls. * Battle of Issus: Septimius Severus marches with his army (12 legions) to Cilicia, and defeats Pescennius Niger, Roman governor of Syria. Pescennius retreats to Antioch, and is executed by Severus' troops. * Septimius Severus besieges Byzantium (194–196); the city walls suffer extensive damage. Asia * Battle of Yan Province: Warlords Cao Cao and Lü Bu fight for control over Yan Province; the battle lasts for over 100 days ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Child Refugees
Nearly half of all refugees are children, and almost one in three children living outside their country of birth is a refugee.Emily Garin, Jan Beise, Lucia Hug, and Danzhen You. 2016. “Uprooted: The Growing Crisis for Refugee and Migrant Children.” UNICEF. https://www.unicef.org/videoaudio/PDFs/Uprooted.pdf. These numbers encompass children whose refugee status has been formally confirmed, as well as children in refugee-like situations. In addition to facing the direct threat of violence resulting from conflict, forcibly displaced children also face various health risks, including: disease outbreaksToole, Michael J., and Ronald J. Waldman. "The public health aspects of complex emergencies and refugee situations." ''Annual review of public health'' 18, no. 1 (1997): 283-312. and long-term psychological trauma,Kaplan, Ida. "Effects of trauma and the refugee experience on psychological assessment processes and interpretation." ''Australian Psychologist'' 44, no. ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Second Spanish Republic
The Spanish Republic (), commonly known as the Second Spanish Republic (), was the form of government in Spain from 1931 to 1939. The Republic was proclaimed on 14 April 1931, after the deposition of Alfonso XIII, King Alfonso XIII, and was dissolved on 1 April 1939 after surrendering in the Spanish Civil War to the Nationalist faction (Spanish Civil War), Nationalists led by General Francisco Franco. After the proclamation of the Republic, Provisional Government of the Second Spanish Republic, a provisional government was established until December 1931, at which time the Spanish Constitution of 1931, 1931 Constitution was approved. During this time and the subsequent two years of constitutional government, known as the First Biennium, Reformist Biennium, Manuel Azaña's executive initiated numerous reforms to what in their view would modernize the country. In 1932 the Jesuits, who were in charge of the best schools throughout the country, were banned and had all their propert ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Evacuation Of Children In The Spanish Civil War
As the Spanish Civil War proceeded on the Northern front (from 1937 onwards), the Spanish Republican authorities arranged the evacuation of children, some of whom had insufficient documentation to enable their repatriation. Evacuations These Spanish War children were shipped to Britain, Belgium, the Soviet Union, other European countries and Mexico. These children were referred to as "Basque refugees", but included also non-Basques. They were embarked in Bilbao (Santurtzi) on boats chartered by the Basque government, loyal to the Republic. Those in Western European countries were able to return to their families after the war, but those in the Soviet Union, from Communist families, were forbidden to return – by Stalin and by Franco. The first opportunity for most of them to do so came in 1956, three years after Stalin's death. They lived in Soviet orphanages and were regularly transferred from one orphanage to another according to the progress of the Second World War. Thu ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Pentti Saarikoski
Pentti Saarikoski ( Impilahti, now in the Republic of Karelia September 2, 1937 – Joensuu August 24, 1983) was one of the most important poets in the literary scene of Finland during the 1960s and 1970s. His body of work comprises poetry and translations, among them such classics as Homer's ''Odyssey'' and James Joyce's ''Ulysses''. According to Saarikoski, he was the only person in the world who had ever translated both Homer's and Joyce's Ulysses – a statement that probably holds true even today. Moreover, it only took two years for him to translate Homer's ''Odyssey'' from Victor Bérard's edition, which is thought to be a rather fast accomplishment. Other notable translations include ''Poetics'' by Aristotle and ''Catcher in the Rye'' by J.D. Salinger. Saarikoski is buried in Heinävesi in the cemetery of the New Valamo monastery. Early life During World War II, Saarikoski was sent to Sweden as one of the Finnish war children. He learned to write and read S ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Carita Nyström
Fanny Carita Kristina Nyström (1940–2019) was a Finland-Swedish writer, poet, journalist and feminist. In the 1970s, she gained a reputation as a women's rights activist after publishing her book ''Denna värld är vår! Handbok i systerskap'' (This World is Ours. Handbook of Sisterhood) together with . Her feminism was also reflected in her later poetry collections, including ''Ur moderlivet'' (From Mother's Life, 1978) and ''Återväxt'' (Regrowth, 1982). She established the publishing house Hantverk in 1984 and gave writing courses throughout Swedish-speaking Finland. Biography Born on 20 February 1940 in Vaasa, Nyström studied Swedish literature and Nordic philology at the University of Helsinki, graduating in 1968. Thereafter she became an assistant for Nordic philology at the university and worked as a journalist for the Finnish broadcaster Rundradion. From 1974 to 1978, together with Boucht, she coordinated studies at the ''Folkets bildningsförbund'' (People's Educati ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Frej Lindqvist
Frej Lindqvist (born 13 October 1937) is a Swedish actor. He has appeared in more than 50 films and television shows since 1961. Early life Lindqvist, who is a Swedish-speaking Finn, was born in Helsinki, Finland. During World War II, he was sent to Luleå, Sweden, as a Finnish war child. Lindqvist studied philosophy and literary history at Lund University before moving back to Helsinki where he studied at Svenska Teaterns elevskola from 1958 to 1960. He moved back to Sweden in 1964. Selected filmography * ''Woman of Darkness'' (1966) * '' A Handful of Love'' (1974) * ''I Am Maria ''I Am Maria'' ( sv, Jag är Maria) is a 1979 Swedish drama film directed by Karsten Wedel. Peter Lindgren won the award for Best Actor at the 16th Guldbagge Awards. Cast * Lise-Lotte Hjelm as Maria * Peter Lindgren as Jon * Helena Brodin a ...'' (1979) References External links * * 1937 births Living people 20th-century Swedish male actors 21st-century Swedish male actors Swedi ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Laila Kinnunen
Laura “Laila” Annikki Kinnunen (8 November 1939, Vantaa – 26 October 2000, Heinävesi) was a Finnish singer. She was one of the most popular Finnish singers of the 1950s and 1960s, and represented Finland at the 1961 Eurovision Song Contest, the first time Finland participated in the contest. She spent her childhood in Sweden as a refugee from the Second World War, returning to Finland at the age of ten. Her first album, released in 1957, was a success, and she continued to release music until 1980. From the 1970s she suffered from severe alcoholism. Her daughter is Finnish singer Milana Mišić. Albums * ''Laila'' (1965, Scandia) * ''Iskelmiä vuosien varrelta'' (1974, Scandia) * ''Ajaton Laila Kinnunen'' (1974, Scandia) * ''Sävelkansio'' (1980, Hjgitjelmi) * ''Valoa ikkunassa'' (1986, Helmi) * ''32 ikivihreää'' (1989, Safir) * ''24 ikivihreää'' (1989, Finnlevy) * ''Mandschurian kummut'' (1989, Basebeat) * ''Unohtumattomat'' (1992, Helmi) * ''Parhaat'' (1994, ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Pentti Kaskipuro
Pentti Ensio Kaskipuro ( (until 1935); 1930–2010) was an artist from Finland. During World War II, Kaskipuro was sent to Sweden as one of the Finnish war children. He returned to Finland in 1946. Kaskipuro was one of the best-known and internationally renowned Finnish graphic artists, not only among specialist circles, but among the art-loving public. The most common themes of his drypoint and aquatint prints are everyday items, such as onions, swedes, potatoes, bread, eggs and vases of flowers. Kaskipuro did not receive much formal art training - he was a private student of Aukusti Tuhka in 1952. After that he worked in advertisement business and learned more techniques of printmaking on his own. He became an appreciated teacher in School of art and design in 1965–1974 and as art professor 1974–1979. He is referred as "Master K" among the printmakers of the next artist generation, [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Toini Gustafsson
Toini Gustafsson Rönnlund (born Toini Karvonen; 17 January 1938) is a Swedish former cross-country skier. She competed in the 1964 and 1968 Winter Olympics and won four medals. Gustafsson also won the 10 km race at the Holmenkollen ski festival in each of 1960, 1967, and 1968. At the FIS Nordic World Ski Championships she collected three medals with a silver in 1962 (3 × 5 km relay) and two bronzes in 1966 (10 km and 3×5 km relay). For her successes in Nordic skiing and at the Holmenkollen, Gustafsson received the Holmenkollen medal in 1967 (Shared with Ole Ellefsæter). She is the first Swedish woman to win the Holmenkollen medal. In 1968, she was awarded the Svenska Dagbladet Gold Medal. She was married twice and had a daughter, Eva, born in 1956. In 1968 she divorced her first husband and married Swedish former cross-country skier Assar Rönnlund, with whom she had two more children. They became the second husband-wife team to win the Holmenkollen med ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
