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FinnProstate Group
The FinnProstate Group (FP), or FinnProstate Study Group, is a group of scientific researchers in Finland who have conducted a series of clinical trials of treatments for prostate cancer. The first publication by the group was in 1985 and the latest publication was in 2019. Clinical trials The studies conducted by the FinnProstate group include the following: * FinnProstate-1 (FinnProstate-I; Finnish Multicentre Study of Prostatic Cancer) – ethinylestradiol 150 μg/day (1 mg/day initially) plus polyestradiol phosphate 80 mg/month (160 mg/month initially) versus orchiectomy for advanced prostate cancer * FinnProstate-2 (FinnProstate-II) – polyestradiol phosphate 160 mg/month (with or without low-dose aspirin) versus orchiectomy for advanced prostate cancer * FinnProstate-3 (FinnProstate-III) – cancelled * FinnProstate-4 (FinnProstate-IV) – polyestradiol phosphate 160 mg/month versus buserelin (with cyproterone acetate 300 mg/day initially to ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Scientific Researcher
The scientific method is an empirical method for acquiring knowledge that has characterized the development of science since at least the 17th century (with notable practitioners in previous centuries; see the article history of scientific method for additional detail.) It involves careful observation, applying rigorous skepticism about what is observed, given that cognitive assumptions can distort how one interprets the observation. It involves formulating hypotheses, via induction, based on such observations; the testability of hypotheses, experimental and the measurement-based statistical testing of deductions drawn from the hypotheses; and refinement (or elimination) of the hypotheses based on the experimental findings. These are ''principles'' of the scientific method, as distinguished from a definitive series of steps applicable to all scientific enterprises. Although procedures vary from one field of inquiry to another, the underlying process is frequently the same ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Androgen Deprivation Therapy
Androgen deprivation therapy (ADT), also called androgen suppression therapy, is an antihormone therapy whose main use is in treating prostate cancer. Prostate cancer cells usually require androgen hormones, such as testosterone, to grow. ADT reduces the levels of androgen hormones, with drugs or surgery, to prevent the prostate cancer cells from growing. The pharmaceutical approaches include antiandrogens and chemical castration. Several studies have concluded that ADT has demonstrated benefit in patients with metastatic disease, and as an adjunct to radiation therapy in patients with locally advanced disease, as well as those with unfavorable intermediate-risk or high-risk localized disease. However, in patients with low-risk prostate cancer, ADT has demonstrated no survival advantage, and significant harm, such as impotence, diabetes and bone loss. The therapy can also eliminate cancer cells by inducing androgen deprivation-induced senescence. Lowering androgen levels o ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Evidence-based Medicine
Evidence-based medicine (EBM) is "the conscientious, explicit and judicious use of current best evidence in making decisions about the care of individual patients". The aim of EBM is to integrate the experience of the clinician, the values of the patient, and the best available scientific information to guide decision-making about clinical management. The term was originally used to describe an approach to teaching the practice of medicine and improving decisions by individual physicians about individual patients. Background, history and definition Medicine has a long history of scientific inquiry about the prevention, diagnosis, and treatment of human disease. The concept of a controlled clinical trial was first described in 1662 by Jan Baptist van Helmont in reference to the practice of bloodletting. Wrote Van Helmont: The first published report describing the conduct and results of a controlled clinical trial was by James Lind, a Scottish naval surgeon who conducted r ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Clinical Trial Organizations
Clinical may refer to: Healthcare * Of or about a clinic, a healthcare facility * Of or about the practice of medicine Other uses * ''Clinical'' (film), a 2017 American horror thriller See also * * * Clinical chemistry, the analysis of bodily fluids for diagnostic and therapeutic purposes * Clinical death, the cessation of blood circulation and breathing * Clinical formulation, a theoretically-based explanation of information obtained from clinical assessment * Clinical governance, a systematic approach to maintaining and improving the quality of patient care * Clinical linguistics, linguistics applied to speech-language pathology * Clinical psychology, the understanding, preventing, and relieving psychologically-based distress or dysfunction * Clinical research, to determine the safety and effectiveness of medications etc. * Clinical significance, the practical importance of a treatment effect * Clinical trial, experiments or observations done in clinical research * Clinical wa ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Scandinavian Prostate Cancer Group
The Scandinavian Prostate Cancer Group (SPCG) is a group of scientific researchers who have conducted a series of clinical trials of treatments for prostate cancer. The group was founded in 1981 and the first study, SPCG-1, began in 1984. Clinical trials The studies conducted by the SPCG include the following: * SPCG-1 – estramustine phosphate versus diethylstilbestrol for high-risk advanced prostate cancer * SPCG-2 – orchiectomy plus cyproterone acetate versus placebo for metastatic prostate cancer * SPCG-3 – cancelled * SPCG-4 – radical prostatectomy versus watchful waiting for localized prostate cancer * SPCG-5 – polyestradiol phosphate versus triptorelin or orchiectomy plus flutamide for advanced prostate cancer * SPCG-6 – bicalutamide monotherapy versus standard care (watchful waiting) for localized prostate cancer * SPCG-7 – endocrine therapy with versus without radiotherapy for locally advanced or aggressive localized prostate cancer * SPCG-8 – cancelled * S ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Flutamide
Flutamide, sold under the brand name Eulexin among others, is a nonsteroidal antiandrogen (NSAA) which is used primarily to treat prostate cancer. It is also used in the treatment of androgen-dependent conditions like acne, excessive hair growth, and high androgen levels in women. It is taken by mouth, usually three times per day. Side effects in men include breast tenderness and enlargement, feminization, sexual dysfunction, and hot flashes. Conversely, the medication has fewer side effects and is better-tolerated in women with the most common side effect being dry skin. Diarrhea and elevated liver enzymes can occur in both sexes. Rarely, flutamide can cause liver damage, lung disease, sensitivity to light, elevated methemoglobin, elevated sulfhemoglobin, and deficient neutrophils. Numerous cases of liver failure and death have been reported, which has limited the use of flutamide. Flutamide acts as a selective antagonist of the androgen receptor (AR), co ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Triptorelin
Triptorelin, sold under the brand name Decapeptyl among others, is a medication that acts as an agonist analog of gonadotropin-releasing hormone, repressing expression of luteinizing hormone (LH) and follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH). It is a decapeptide (pGlu-His-Trp-Ser-Tyr-D-Trp-Leu-Arg-Pro-Gly-NH2) and a gonadotropin-releasing hormone agonist (GnRH agonist) used as the acetate or pamoate salts. Primary indications include endometriosis, for the reduction of uterine fibroids, to treat prostate cancer, and to treat male hypersexuality with severe sexual deviation. The drug has also been used off label to delay puberty in patients with gender dysphoria. It was patented in 1975 and approved for medical use in 1986. It is on the World Health Organization's List of Essential Medicines. Medical uses Triptorelin is used to treat prostate cancer as part of androgen deprivation therapy. Another common use in the United Kingdom is for hormone replacement therapy to suppre ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
SPCG-5
The Scandinavian Prostate Cancer Group (SPCG) is a group of scientific researchers who have conducted a series of clinical trials of treatments for prostate cancer. The group was founded in 1981 and the first study, SPCG-1, began in 1984. Clinical trials The studies conducted by the SPCG include the following: * SPCG-1 – estramustine phosphate versus diethylstilbestrol for high-risk advanced prostate cancer * SPCG-2 – orchiectomy plus cyproterone acetate versus placebo for metastatic prostate cancer * SPCG-3 – cancelled * SPCG-4 – radical prostatectomy versus watchful waiting for localized prostate cancer * SPCG-5 – polyestradiol phosphate versus triptorelin or orchiectomy plus flutamide for advanced prostate cancer * SPCG-6 – bicalutamide monotherapy versus standard care (watchful waiting) for localized prostate cancer * SPCG-7 – endocrine therapy with versus without radiotherapy for locally advanced or aggressive localized prostate cancer * SPCG-8 – cancelled * S ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
British People
British people or Britons, also known colloquially as Brits, are the citizens of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, the British Overseas Territories, and the Crown dependencies.: British nationality law governs modern British citizenship and nationality, which can be acquired, for instance, by descent from British nationals. When used in a historical context, "British" or "Britons" can refer to the Ancient Britons, the indigenous inhabitants of Great Britain and Brittany, whose surviving members are the modern Welsh people, Cornish people, and Bretons. It also refers to citizens of the former British Empire, who settled in the country prior to 1973, and hold neither UK citizenship nor nationality. Though early assertions of being British date from the Late Middle Ages, the Union of the Crowns in 1603 and the creation of the Kingdom of Great Britain in 1707 triggered a sense of British national identity.. The notion of Britishness and a s ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Goserelin
Goserelin, sold under the brand name Zoladex among others, is a medication which is used to suppress production of the sex hormones (testosterone and estrogen), particularly in the treatment of breast and prostate cancer. It is an injectable gonadotropin releasing hormone agonist (GnRH agonist). Structurally, it is a decapeptide. It is the natural GnRH decapeptide with two substitutions to inhibit rapid degradation. Goserelin stimulates the production of the sex hormones testosterone and estrogen in a non-pulsatile (non-physiological) manner. This causes the disruption of the endogenous hormonal feedback systems, resulting in the down-regulation of testosterone and estrogen production. It was patented in 1976 and approved for medical use in 1987. It is on the World Health Organization's List of Essential Medicines. Medical uses Goserelin is used to treat hormone-sensitive cancers of the breast (in pre- and peri-menopausal women) and prostate, and some benign gynaecologica ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Metastatic Prostate Cancer
Prostate cancer is cancer of the prostate. Prostate cancer is the second most common cancerous tumor worldwide and is the fifth leading cause of cancer-related mortality among men. The prostate is a gland in the male reproductive system that surrounds the urethra just below the bladder. It is located in the hypogastric region of the abdomen. To give an idea of where it is located, the bladder is superior to the prostate gland as shown in the image The rectum is posterior in perspective to the prostate gland and the ischial tuberosity of the pelvic bone is inferior. Only those who have male reproductive organs are able to get prostate cancer. Most prostate cancers are slow growing. Cancerous cells may spread to other areas of the body, particularly the bones and lymph nodes. It may initially cause no symptoms. In later stages, symptoms include pain or difficulty urinating, blood in the urine, or pain in the pelvis or back. Benign prostatic hyperplasia may produce similar symptoms. ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
