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Figuerismo
Figuerism or Figuerismo is a political and ideological movement in Costa Rica of social democracy and democratic socialism initiated by José Figueres Ferrer, who exercised the presidency of Costa Rica on three occasions; as ''de facto'' ruler after the Costa Rican revolution between 1948 and 1949, and then as democratically elected president twice: 1953–1958 and 1970–1974. Several Costa Rican political parties proclaim themselves as continuators of figuerism and as their most faithful representatives, among them the National Liberation Party, Citizens' Action Party and the Patriotic Alliance, all of whom pay homage to the figure of José Figueres and have personalities in their ranks close to the former president Figueres and of figuerist extraction. Figueres is reminded, among other things, of having respected the "Social Guarantees" (a series of social reforms beneficial to the popular classes enacted in the Calderón administration that were not repealed by ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Social Guarantees
Social Guarantees were a series of progressive political reforms made in Costa Rica in the 1940s for the benefit of the working classes. They came about as a result of the alliance between various political and religious figures. Though a widespreads effort, there were three main leaders: * Rafael Ángel Calderón Guardia, president in the 1940–1944 period and leader of the National Republican Party. He led the eponymous political movement known as ''Calderonismo''. * Manuel Mora Valverde, deputy and leader of the Costa Rican Communist Party. * Víctor Manuel Sanabria Martínez, archbishop of San José and leader of the Catholic Church in Costa Rica. The reforms were diverse and varied, but are typified by three signature project: * Creation of the Costa Rican Social Security Fund, a government-funded, private company that universalized healthcare. The Savings Bank required all employers to insure their workers and make a corresponding payment to the worker-employer's quot ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
National Liberation Party (Costa Rica)
The National Liberation Party ( es, Partido Liberación Nacional, PLN), nicknamed the ' ("green and whites"), is a political party in Costa Rica. The party is a member of the Socialist International. Social-democratic by statute, the party has a few internal factions, including liberals, Third Way supporters, centrists, and social conservatives. History In 1948 a rebel group called National Liberation Army commanded by caudillo José Figueres Ferrer led a rebellion against the government of then President Rafael Angel Calderón Guardia and his communist allies. After the Civil War the rebels were victorious and Figueres took power de facto. Yet, Figueres did not overrule the social reforms made by Calderón and allies, like Social Security, almost free college education and Labor Laws but kept them and even made a series of progressive reforms himself like abolishing the army and introducing taxation on capital. Figueres gave up power in favor of the democratically elected ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
José Figueres Ferrer 1
José is a predominantly Spanish and Portuguese form of the given name Joseph. While spelled alike, this name is pronounced differently in each language: Spanish ; Portuguese (or ). In French, the name ''José'', pronounced , is an old vernacular form of Joseph, which is also in current usage as a given name. José is also commonly used as part of masculine name composites, such as José Manuel, José Maria or Antonio José, and also in female name composites like Maria José or Marie-José. The feminine written form is ''Josée'' as in French. In Netherlandic Dutch, however, ''José'' is a feminine given name and is pronounced ; it may occur as part of name composites like Marie-José or as a feminine first name in its own right; it can also be short for the name ''Josina'' and even a Dutch hypocorism of the name ''Johanna''. In England, Jose is originally a Romano-Celtic surname, and people with this family name can usually be found in, or traced to, the English county of C ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Oscar Arias
Oscar, OSCAR, or The Oscar may refer to: People * Oscar (given name), an Irish- and English-language name also used in other languages; the article includes the names Oskar, Oskari, Oszkár, Óscar, and other forms. * Oscar (Irish mythology), legendary figure, son of Oisín and grandson of Finn mac Cumhall Places * Oscar, Kentucky, an unincorporated community * Oscar, Louisiana, an unincorporated community * Oscar, Missouri, an unincorporated community * Oscar, Oklahoma, an unincorporated community * Oscar, Pennsylvania, an unincorporated community * Oscar, Texas, an unincorporated community * Oscar, West Virginia, an unincorporated community * Lake Oscar (other) * Oscar Township, Otter Tail County, Minnesota, a civil township Animals * Oscar (bionic cat), a cat that had implants after losing both hind paws * Oscar (bull), #16, (d. 1983) a ProRodeo Hall of Fame bucking bull * Oscar (fish), ''Astronotus ocellatus'' * Oscar (therapy cat), cat purported t ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
José María Figueres Olsen
José is a predominantly Spanish and Portuguese language, Portuguese form of the given name Joseph. While spelled alike, this name is pronounced differently in each language: Spanish ; Portuguese (or ). In French, the name ''José'', pronounced , is an old vernacular form of Joseph, which is also in current usage as a given name. José is also commonly used as part of masculine name composites, such as José Manuel, José Maria or Antonio José, and also in female name composites like Maria José or Marie-José. The feminine written form is ''Josée'' as in French. In Netherlandic Dutch language, Dutch, however, ''José'' is a feminine given name and is pronounced ; it may occur as part of name composites like Marie-José or as a feminine first name in its own right; it can also be short for the name ''Josina'' and even a Dutch hypocorism of the name ''Johanna''. In England, Jose is originally a Romano-British culture, Romano-Celtic surname, and people with this family name can ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Haya De La Torre
Haya may refer to: Biology * ''Haya'' (dinosaur), a genus of basal ornithopod dinosaur that lived during the Late Cretaceous from Mongolia * ''Haya'' (plant), a genus of plants in the family Caryophyllaceae * Haya de Herguijuela (Spanish: beech of Herguijela), a solitary specimen of European beech growing near the town of Herguijuela de la Sierra, Spain * '' Fagus mexicana'', or haya, a species of beech * ''Myrica faya'', or haya, a species of Myrica People * Haya bint Hussein (born 1974), former wife of Sheikh Mohammed bin Rashid Al Maktoum ruler of Dubai and daughter of King Hussein of Jordan * Haya Harareet (1931–2021), Israeli actress * Haya Kaspi, Israeli mathematician * Haya bint Saad Al Sudairi (1913–2003), wife of Ibn Saud, founder of Saudi Arabia * Víctor Raúl Haya de la Torre (1895–1979), Peruvian politician * William II de Haya (12th century), a Norman knight who is considered to be the progenitor of the Scottish Clan Hay Places * Hidaj, also written as H ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Social Democratic
Social democracy is a political, social, and economic philosophy within socialism that supports political and economic democracy. As a policy regime, it is described by academics as advocating economic and social interventions to promote social justice within the framework of a liberal-democratic polity and a capitalist-oriented mixed economy. The protocols and norms used to accomplish this involve a commitment to representative and participatory democracy, measures for income redistribution, regulation of the economy in the general interest, and social welfare provisions. Due to longstanding governance by social democratic parties during the post-war consensus and their influence on socioeconomic policy in Northern and Western Europe, social democracy became associated with Keynesianism, the Nordic model, the social-liberal paradigm, and welfare states within political circles in the late 20th century. It has been described as the most common form of Western or modern soci ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Universidad Estatal A Distancia De Costa Rica
The Distance State University () (UNED), is one of five public universities in the Republic of Costa Rica. It is in Sabanilla, Montes de Oca. UNED is the second university in number of students, and it is the largest coverage in the country. It has its own publishing house that produces textbooks that cover most of the needs of the university, as essayistic works, research, etc. This institution was created in 1977. Its first president was Don Francisco Antonio Pacheco Fernandez. The university has programs classified into four categories: * Science education (Bachelor of Special Education, Bachelor of Educational Administration) * Management sciences (Bachelor of Business Administration with emphasis on Banking and Finance) * Social sciences and humanities (Bachelor of Criminological Sciences) * Natural sciences (Agricultural Engineering; Bachelor of Protection and Natural Resource Management) It also offers graduate programs for master's and doctorate. ''UNED Research Journal ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Otilio Ulate
Luis Rafael de la Trinidad Otilio Ulate Blanco (August 25, 1891 – October 10, 1973) served as President of Costa Rica from 1949 to 1953. His French heritage comes from his mother, Ermida Blanco. He never married but had two daughters, Olga Marta Ulate Rojas (1937–2007) and Maria Ermida Ulate Rojas (1938) with Haydee Rojas Smith (British origins) Olga Marta Ulate Rojas, ''A la luz de la moral politica'' His disputed election in 1948, whereby he was denied victory by the legislature in favor of Rafael Ángel Calderón Guardia, was the direct cause of José Figueres Ferrer's armed uprising of that year and the ensuing 44-day Costa Rican Civil War. Blanco started his career in politics as a journalist, director of local newspaper La Tribuna and owner of Diario de Costa Rica, principal newspaper at the time, where he directed his major political campaigns. Ulate led the opposition party during the February 8th 1948 elections, where he defeated ex President Rafael Ángel Calder ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Constitutional Congress Of Costa Rica
:''Not to confuse with the Constituent Assembly of Costa Rica'' The Constitutional Congress of Costa Rica was the unicameral parliament of the country for most of its history. It was established in the Political Constitution of 1871. It consisted of 43 deputies and 18 alternates elected proportionally by provinces at the rate of one deputy for every 15,000 inhabitants with, among other powers, being able to choose the President in case none of the candidates obtained the minimum required to be elected, as happened in the 1913 election, the first election that were held with direct popular vote, and in which none of the candidates; Máximo Fernández Alvarado, Carlos Durán Cartín and Rafael Yglesias Castro, gathered enough votes to win in the first round. It was therefore the responsibility of the Congress to choose the president from among the candidates, but all of them withdrew their name and Alfredo González Flores was chosen. After the controversial election of 1948 in ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
1948 Costa Rican General Election
General elections were held in Costa Rica on 8 February 1948.Nohlen, D (2005) ''Elections in the Americas: A data handbook, Volume I'', p155 Otilio Ulate Blanco of the National Union Party won the presidential election with 55.3% of the vote, although the elections were deemed fraudulent by members of the governing National Republican Party (who supported Rafael Calderón) and annulled by Congress, leading to the six-week Costa Rican Civil War later that year. Following the war, the results of the parliamentary election were also annulled. Voter turnout was 43.8% in the vice-presidential election and 49.2%. After the Civil War, José Figueres Ferrer became President at the head of a provisional junta that ruled for 18 months before handing power over to Ulate Blanco. Campaign In 1944, four days after the elections were over while celebrating the triumph of Teodoro Picado, Calderón's candidacy was announced for the next elections. The main opposition parties; the Democratic ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Costa Rican Communist Party
The People's Vanguard Party, or Popular Vanguard Party () is a communist party in Costa Rica. PVP was founded in 1931 as the Workers and Farmers Party, but was soon renamed to the Communist Party of Costa Rica (''Partido Comunista de Costa Rica''). From 1931 to 1947, the party published '' Trabajo'' as a communist newspaper. The PVP's current publication is ''El Popular''. History In 1943 the party was renamed as PVP, in order to facilitate its alliance with the Catholic Church and the government, whose reformist policies the party supported. In 1949 the party was banned. Its militants began working under the name 'Partido Acción Socialista Obrera'.Rouquié, Alain/Arnaud, Hélène. ''Les Forces politiques en Amérique centrale''. KARTHALA Editions, 1991. p. 39-40 In the mid-1960s the U.S. State Department estimated the party membership to be approximately 300.Benjamin, Roger W.; Kautsky, John H.. Communism and Economic Development', in The American Political Science Review ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
