Fidarestat

	Fidarestat Fidarestat (SNK-860) is an aldose reductase inhibitor under investigation for treatment of diabetic neuropathy Diabetic neuropathy is various types of nerve damage associated with diabetes mellitus. Symptoms depend on the site of nerve damage and can include motor changes such as weakness; sensory symptoms such as numbness, tingling, or pain; or autonomic c .... References * Aldose reductase inhibitor for treatment of diabetic complications. Prepn (stereo unspec): M. Kurono, et al., EP 193415; eidem, US 4740517 (1986, 1988 both to Sanwa) * Prepn of isomers: T. Yamaguchi et al., Arzneim.-Forsch. 44, 344 (1994) * Pharmacological profile: K. Mizuno et al. in Current Concepts of Aldose Reductase and Its Inhibitions, N. Sakamoto et al., Eds. (Elsevier, Amsterdam, 1990) pp 89–96. * Configuration and crystal structure of complex with aldose reductase: M. Oka et al., J. Med. Chem. 43, 2479 (2000). * Clinical efficacy in diabetic peripheral neuropathy: N. Hotta et al., Diabetes Care 24, ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu]
	Aldose Reductase Inhibitor Aldose reductase inhibitors are a class of drugs being studied as a way to prevent eye and nerve damage in people with diabetes. Mechanism Their target, aldose reductase, is an enzyme that is normally present in many other parts of the body, and catalyzes one of the steps in the polyol pathway, sorbitol(polyol) pathway that is responsible for fructose formation from glucose. Aldose reductase activity increases as the glucose concentration rises in diabetes Diabetes, also known as diabetes mellitus, is a group of metabolic disorders characterized by a high blood sugar level ( hyperglycemia) over a prolonged period of time. Symptoms often include frequent urination, increased thirst and increased ... in those tissues that are not insulin sensitive, which include the lens (anatomy), lenses, peripheral nerves and glomerulus. Sorbitol does not diffuse through cell membranes easily and therefore accumulates, causing osmotic damage which leads to retinopathy and neuropathy. Examp ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu]
	Aldose Reductase Inhibitors Aldose reductase inhibitors are a class of drugs being studied as a way to prevent eye and nerve damage in people with diabetes. Mechanism Their target, aldose reductase, is an enzyme that is normally present in many other parts of the body, and catalyzes one of the steps in the sorbitol(polyol) pathway that is responsible for fructose formation from glucose. Aldose reductase activity increases as the glucose concentration rises in diabetes in those tissues that are not insulin sensitive, which include the lenses, peripheral nerves and glomerulus. Sorbitol does not diffuse through cell membranes easily and therefore accumulates, causing osmotic damage which leads to retinopathy and neuropathy. Examples File:Alrestatin.svg, Alrestatin File:Epalrestat.svg, Epalrestat File:Fidarestat structure.svg, Fidarestat File:Imirestat.svg, Imirestat File:Lidorestat.svg, Lidorestat File:Minalrestat.svg, Minalrestat File:Ponalrestat.svg, Ponalrestat File:Ranirestat.svg, Ranirestat File:Salfr ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu]
picture info	Diabetic Neuropathy Diabetic neuropathy is various types of nerve damage associated with diabetes mellitus. Symptoms depend on the site of nerve damage and can include motor changes such as weakness; sensory symptoms such as numbness, tingling, or pain; or autonomic changes such as urinary symptoms. These changes are thought to result from microvascular injury involving small blood vessels that supply nerves (vasa nervorum). Relatively common conditions which may be associated with diabetic neuropathy include distal symmetric polyneuropathy; third, fourth, or sixth cranial nerve palsy; mononeuropathy; mononeuropathy multiplex; diabetic amyotrophy; and autonomic neuropathy. Signs and symptoms Diabetic neuropathy can affect any peripheral nerves including sensory neurons, motor neurons, and the autonomic nervous system. Therefore, diabetic neuropathy has the potential to affect essentially any organ system and can cause a range of symptoms. There are several distinct syndromes based on the organ syst ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu]
picture info	Hydantoins Hydantoin, or glycolylurea, is a heterocyclic organic compound with the formula CH2C(O)NHC(O)NH. It is a colorless solid that arises from the reaction of glycolic acid and urea. It is an oxidized derivative of imidazolidine. In a more general sense, hydantoins can refer to a groups and a class of compounds with the same ring structure as the parent. For example, phenytoin (mentioned below) has two phenyl groups substituted onto the number 5 carbon in a hydantoin molecule. Synthesis Hydantoin was first isolated in 1861 by Adolf von Baeyer in the course of his study of uric acid. He obtained it by hydrogenation of allantoin, hence the name. : Friedrich Urech synthesized 5-methylhydantoin in 1873 from alanine sulfate and potassium cyanate in what is now known as the Urech hydantoin synthesis. The method is very similar to the modern route using alkyl and arylcyanates. The 5,5-dimethyl compound can also be obtained from acetone cyanohydrin (also discovered by Urech: see cyanohydri ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu]