Ferrichrome A
Ferrichrome A is a siderophore in the ferrichrome family. Iron is an essential element for the survival and proliferation of organisms. Microorganisms produce and secrete potent iron chelators, also known as siderophores, to aid in the sequestration and increase bioavailability of iron. Since the discovery of ferrichrome in 1952, the ferrichrome family of siderophores contains at least 20 structurally distinct members of cyclic hexapeptides that chelate ferric iron via an octahedral coordination geometry through the oxygen atoms of the hydroxyl and the acyl groups of the three ornithine residues. Ferrichrome A was found as one of the two siderophores produced by the biotrophic basidiomycete ''Ustilago maydis'' during its saprotrophic growth phase. ''U. maydis'' is the causative agent of corn smut. Biosynthesis In ''U. maydis'', the ferrichrome A biosynthetic pathway begins with the HMG-CoA synthase (Hcs1) of acetyl-CoA and acetoacetyl-CoA for generation of Hydroxymethylglutaryl- ...
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