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Feng'en Zhenguo Gong
Feng'en zhenguo gong (; Manchu: ᡴᡝᠰᡳ ᠪᡝᡨᡠᠸᠠᡴᡳᠶᠠᡵᠠᡤᡠᡵᡠᠨ ᠪᡝᡩᠠᠯᡳᡵᡝᡤᡠᠩ, Möllendorf: kesi-be tuwakiyara gurun-be dalire gung), translated as "Grace Defender Duke" or "Duke Who Guards the State by the Grace" or "State Duke of the First Rank", was one of the royal and noble titles of the Qing dynasty. A title was created in 1653 by division of the zhenguo gong title into two ranks following the criterium of sharing Eight Privilleges. The title was the seventh highest rank in the extended system of ranks and the fifth inheritable rank. Rules of grant The title could be granted to the son of Prince of the First Rank born to Primary Princess Consort of the First Rank. The son of Primary Princess Consort of the First Rank could be further promoted until he reached the father's title (iron-cap peerage). The title was usually the lowest possible to inherit in the peerage of the First Rank except of special circumstances. The ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Royal And Noble Ranks Of The Qing Dynasty
The Qing dynasty (1636–1912) of China developed a complicated peerage system for royal and noble ranks. Rule of inheritance In principle, titles were downgraded one grade for each generation of inheritance. * Direct imperial princes with the ''Eight Privileges'' were downgraded for four generations, after which the title can be inherited without further downgrades. * Direct imperial princes without the ''Eight Privileges'' were downgraded until the rank of ''feng'en jiangjun'', which then became perpetual. * Cadet line imperial princes and lords were downgraded until they reached ''feng'en jiangjun'', which could be further inherited three times before the title expired completely. * For non-imperial peers, the title could be downgraded to ''en jiwei'' before becoming perpetually heritable. Occasionally, a peer could be granted the privilege of ''shixi wangti'' (; "perpetual heritability"), which allowed the title to be passed down without downgrading. Throughout the Qing ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Qing Dynasty
The Qing dynasty ( ), officially the Great Qing,, was a Manchu-led imperial dynasty of China and the last orthodox dynasty in Chinese history. It emerged from the Later Jin dynasty founded by the Jianzhou Jurchens, a Tungusic-speaking ethnic group who unified other Jurchen tribes to form a new "Manchu" ethnic identity. The dynasty was officially proclaimed in 1636 in Manchuria (modern-day Northeast China and Outer Manchuria). It seized control of Beijing in 1644, then later expanded its rule over the whole of China proper and Taiwan, and finally expanded into Inner Asia. The dynasty lasted until 1912 when it was overthrown in the Xinhai Revolution. In orthodox Chinese historiography, the Qing dynasty was preceded by the Ming dynasty and succeeded by the Republic of China. The multiethnic Qing dynasty lasted for almost three centuries and assembled the territorial base for modern China. It was the largest imperial dynasty in the history of China and in 1790 the f ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Xiangjun (title)
Xiangjun (), translated as "Lady of the Village" or "Lady of the Third Rank", was a female noble title used in Imperial China. The title was created during the Western Jin dynasty for the grandmother of the Empress Wang Yuanji (wife of Sima Zhao), Lady Xiahou. During the Song dynasty, the title lost its prestige due to excessive grants and was abolished. Henceforth, the title was considered as part of the lowest tier of Chinese noble ranks. Rules of grant Western Jin The title was reserved to the mothers or stepmothers of empresses and wives of eminent officials, e.g. wife of general Yang Hu, lady Xiahou. Title could be granted posthumously and convey honorifical name consisting of 2 characters. Eastern Jin The title could be granted to mothers or grandmothers of empresses. As an exception, the aunts of emperors might receive the title, e.g. the aunt of Emperor Yuan of Jin received a title of Village Lady Guangchang (广昌乡君). The title could convey honorifical name cons ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Nurhaci
Nurhaci (14 May 1559 – 30 September 1626), also known by his temple name as the Emperor Taizu of Qing (), was a Jurchen chieftain who rose to prominence in the late 16th century in Manchuria. A member of the House of Aisin-Gioro, he reigned as the founding khan of the Later Jin dynasty of China from 1616 to 1626. Nurhaci reorganized and united various Jurchen tribes (the later "Manchu"), consolidated the Eight Banners military system, and eventually launched attacks on both the Ming and Joseon dynasties. His conquest of Ming dynasty's northeastern Liaodong region laid the groundwork for the Qing conquest of the Ming by his descendants, who founded the Qing dynasty in 1636. He is also generally credited with ordering the creation of a new written script for the Manchu language based on the Mongolian vertical script. Name and titles Nurhaci is written as in Manchu language. Some suggest that the meaning of the name in the Manchu language is "the skin of a wild boar", other ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Joogiya
Joogiya (兆佳) was a clan of Manchu nobility. Notable Figures Males * Shusai (舒赛) *Hetu (赫图) * Wengguotuo (翁果托) * Duo'ertai (多尔泰） * Saikesehe (塞克塞赫), served as third rank military official (参领) Females Imperial Consort * Noble Lady ** Noble Lady Bu (d. 1717), the Kangxi Emperor's noble lady, the mother of Princess Duanjing (1674–1710) Princess Consort * Primary Consort ** Yinxiang's primary consort, the mother of Princess (1707–1726), Hongdun (1711–1728), Hongjiao (1713–1764), Princess Hehui (1714–1731), Hongkuang (1716–1722), Hongxiao (1722–1778) and Shou'en (1725–1727) * Concubine ** Nurhaci Nurhaci (14 May 1559 – 30 September 1626), also known by his temple name as the Emperor Taizu of Qing (), was a Jurchen chieftain who rose to prominence in the late 16th century in Manchuria. A member of the House of Aisin-Gioro, he reigned ...'s concubine, the mother of Abai (1585–1648) References {{catimprove, date ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Šurhaci
Šurhaci (; ; 1564 – 25 September 1611), was a Jurchen leader, a member of the Aisin Gioro clan, he was a younger brother of Nurhaci, the founder of the Later Jin dynasty, the predecessor of the Qing dynasty. Under the Ming dynasty government, he held the title of local chieftain (都指揮) in the Jianzhou district, and maintained relations with the Ming authorities up to the beginning of 1607. In that year, he joined Nurhaci in the campaign against Bujantai and the Ula tribe, receiving the title of ''darhan baturu''. However, as a result of disagreements with his brother over the conquest of the Hoifa and the killing of Hoifa's beile Baindari in 1607, he was put to death four years later at Nurhaci's order and buried in Dongjingling Township, Liaoyang. In 1653, he was posthumously given the rank of ''qinwang'' (first-rank prince) under the posthumous title Prince Zhuang of the First Rank. Physical appearance According to the account of Korean ambassadors, Šurhaci was ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Cuyen
Cuyen (; 1580 – 14 October 1615) was a Manchu prince and eldest son of the Later Jin ruler Nurhaci, the early patriarch of the Qing dynasty. An accomplished warrior, Cuyen was instrumental in the consolidation of Nurhaci's authority among rival Jurchen clans. He also served as the primary civil administrator for intermittent periods in the regime founded by Nurhaci. However, he eventually lost favour with his father because he tried to cast sorcery spells against other princes. He was placed in solitary confinement and died in captivity a few years later. Early life Cuyen was born in 1580, somewhere in the present-day Jilin province in northeastern China, to a prominent family of Jianzhou Jurchens. He is the grandson of Taksi and eldest son of Nurhaci, who at the time was just beginning to rise to prominence in the Jurchen tribe he belonged. Cuyen's mother was Hahana Jacing of the Tunggiya clan, Nurhaci's primary wife, who also gave birth to the prince Daišan. Cuyen was an ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Amin (Qing Dynasty)
Amin ( Manchu: ; , 1585- Dec. 28, 1640) was a Manchu noble and an important military and political leader in the early years of the Qing dynasty. He was the second son of Nurhaci's younger brother Šurhaci of the Aisin Gioro clan. Biography Nurhaci's reign In 1608, and again in 1613, he played an important part in Nurhaci's campaign against the tribes of the Hūlun alliance, namely against Bujantai and the Ula tribe. At first he held the rank of a taiji (Mongolian rank of a minor prince). In 1616 when Nurhaci assumed the title of Khan, Amin was named as one of the Four Senior Beile to assist in the administration. In terms of seniority he held the rank of Second Beile, and was given command of the Bordered Blue Banner. He took part in 1619 in the Battle of Sarhū against the expeditionary force sent by the Ming Court under Yang Hao. In 1621 he fought bravely during the taking of Shenyang and Liaoyang and was of the commanders of the expedition which drove Mao Wenlong f ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Hong Taiji
Hong Taiji (28 November 1592 – 21 September 1643), also rendered as Huang Taiji and sometimes referred to as Abahai in Western literature, also known by his temple name as the Emperor Taizong of Qing, was the second khan of the Later Jin dynasty (reigned from 1626 to 1636) and the founding emperor of the Qing dynasty (reigned from 1636 to 1643). He was responsible for consolidating the empire that his father Nurhaci had founded and laid the groundwork for the conquest of the Ming dynasty, although he died before this was accomplished. He was also responsible for changing the name of the Jurchen ethnicity to "Manchu" in 1635, and changing the name of his dynasty from "Great Jin" to "Great Qing" in 1636. The Qing dynasty lasted until 1912. Names and titles It is unclear whether "Hong Taiji" was a title or a personal name. Written ''Hong taiji'' in Manchu, it was borrowed from the Mongolian title ''Khong Tayiji''. That Mongolian term was itself derived from the Chinese ''h ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Niohuru
The Niohuru (Manchu: ; in Manchu) were a prominent Manchu clan during the Qing dynasty. The clan had inhabited the Changbai Mountains since as early as the Liao dynasty. The clan was well known during the Qing dynasty for producing a variety of consorts of all ranks for emperors, several of whom went on to become mothers to reigning emperors. Prominent people who belonged or trace heritage to the Niohuru clan including famed Manchu warrior Eidu, his son the high official Ebilun, the Empress Dowager Ci'an, the infamous corrupt official Heshen, the contemporary concert pianist Lang Lang and Lang Tsuyun (Ann Lang), Taiwanese TV, movie and stage actress, singer and producer Distribution Written records of the Niohuru clan dates back to the Liao dynasty (907–1125), when it was known as the ''Dilie'' clan (敌烈氏) by Chinese transliteration. The current transliteration Niohuru came into being during the Ming dynasty. The Niohuru clan inhabited the Changbai mountains region of ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Nuoni
Aisin Gioro Nuoni (多罗贝勒诺尼, 4 February 1643 - 9 February 1701) was Qing dynasty imperial prince as the third son of Lolohun, a grandson of Yoto and Daišan's great grandson. Though being a relatively unremarkable clansman, Nuoni led to the posthumous demotion of Prince Anhe of the First Rank Yolo and his sons, which was one of the causes of abolition of the Prince An peerage. Life Nuoni was born on 4 February 1643 to Princess Consort Yanxijie of the Second Rank, lady Tunggiya. He had two brothers, Luokeduo and prematurely deceased Bahata. In 1656, Nuoni was granted a title of prince of the third rank. Nuoni was blamed by Yolo for unwilling to demonstrate the filial piety and demoted to the commoner in 1665. In 1690, Nuoni wrote a memorial denouncing the deeds of deceased Prince Anhe of the First Rank Yolo. In the memorial Yolo was accused of sowing discord among the ministers and false accusation of lack of filial piety. Yolo's sons Prince Xi of the Second Rank Jing ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Prince Keqin
Prince Keqin of the Second Rank (Manchu: ; ''doroi bahame kicembi giyūn wang''), or simply Prince Keqin, was the title of a princely peerage used in China during the Manchu-led Qing dynasty (1644–1912). It was also one of the 12 "iron-cap" princely peerages in the Qing dynasty, which meant that the title could be passed down without being downgraded. The first bearer of the title was Yoto (1599–1639), a grandson of Nurhaci, the founder of the Qing dynasty. In 1636, he was awarded the title "Prince Cheng of the First Rank" (Prince Cheng) by his uncle Huangtaiji, who succeeded Nurhaci as the ruler of the Qing Empire. However, he was subsequently demoted for committing offences. After his death, he was posthumously honoured with the title "Prince Keqin of the Second Rank". Yoto's son and successor, Luoluohun (died 1646), inherited the peerage as "Prince Yanxi of the Second Rank" (Prince Yanxi). The peerage was renamed again to "Prince Ping of the Second Rank" (Prince Ping) wh ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
