Šurhaci (; ; 1564 – 25 September 1611), was a Jurchen leader, a member of the

Aisin Gioro The House of Aisin-Gioro was a Manchu clan that ruled the Later Jin dynasty (1616–1636), the Qing dynasty (1636–1912), and Manchukuo (1932–1945) in the history of China. Under the Ming dynasty, members of the Aisin Gioro clan served as c ...

clan, he was a younger brother of

Nurhaci Nurhaci (14 May 1559 – 30 September 1626), also known by his temple name as the Emperor Taizu of Qing (), was a Jurchen chieftain who rose to prominence in the late 16th century in Manchuria. A member of the House of Aisin-Gioro, he reigned ...

, the founder of the Later Jin dynasty, the predecessor of the

Qing dynasty The Qing dynasty ( ), officially the Great Qing,, was a Manchu-led imperial dynasty of China and the last orthodox dynasty in Chinese history. It emerged from the Later Jin dynasty founded by the Jianzhou Jurchens, a Tungusic-speak ...

. Under the

Ming dynasty The Ming dynasty (), officially the Great Ming, was an Dynasties in Chinese history, imperial dynasty of China, ruling from 1368 to 1644 following the collapse of the Mongol Empire, Mongol-led Yuan dynasty. The Ming dynasty was the last ort ...

government, he held the title of local chieftain (都指揮) in the Jianzhou district, and maintained relations with the Ming authorities up to the beginning of 1607. In that year, he joined Nurhaci in the campaign against

Bujantai Bujantai (Manchu: ; ) (died 1618) was a Jurchen ''beile'' (chieftain) of the Ula tribal confederation. Bujantai was descended from Nacibulu (納奇卜祿), the ancestor of the Nara lineages of Ula and Hada. Tradition spoke of Nacibulu as havin ...

and the Ula tribe, receiving the title of ''darhan baturu''. However, as a result of disagreements with his brother over the conquest of the Hoifa and the killing of Hoifa's beile

Baindari Baindari ( Manchu: ; ) (?-1607) was a Jurchen ''beile'' (chieftain) of the Hoifa tribal confederation. He was a member of the Nara clan although his ancestors were originally members of the Ikderi clan and belonged originally to the Nimaca trib ...

in 1607, he was put to death four years later at Nurhaci's order and buried in Dongjingling Township,

Liaoyang Liaoyang () is a prefecture-level city of east-central Liaoning province, China, situated on the Taizi River. It is approximately one hour south of Shenyang, the provincial capital, by car. Liaoyang is home to Liaoning University's College of F ...

. In 1653, he was posthumously given the rank of ''qinwang'' (first-rank prince) under the posthumous title Prince Zhuang of the First Rank.

Physical appearance

According to the account of Korean ambassadors, Šurhaci was a tall, fat man with a pale-looking square face.

Family

Consorts and Issue: * Primary consort, of the

Tunggiya Tunggiya ( Manchu: , Chinese: 佟佳) is the name of a Manchu clan. Notable figures Males *Yangzhen (養真/养真; d. 1621), grandfather of Empress Xiaokangzhang **Tulai (圖賴/图赖; 1606–1658), a first rank military official (都統/都 ...

clan () **Altungga (; d. 1609), first son * Secondary consort, of the Hada Nara clan () ** First daughter (30 September 1584 – April/May 1656), personal name Eshitai () *** Married

(1575–1618) of the Manchu Ula Nara clan in December 1598 or January 1599 * Secondary consort, of the Fuca clan () ** Amin, Prince of the Third Rank (; 1585 – 28 December 1640), second son **Second daughter (1584 – December 1638 or January 1639), personal name E'enzhe () *** Married

(1575–1618) of the Manchu Ula Nara clan in 1603 ** Third daughter (b. 4 November 1588) *** Married Namuxi () of the Manchu

clan * Secondary consort, of the

Gūwalgiya Gūwalgiya ( Manchu Chinese: ; ) was one of the most powerful Manchu clans. It is often listed by historians as the first of the eight prominent Manchu clans of the Qing dynasty. After the demise of the dynasty, some of its descendants siniciz ...

clan () ** Jasahatu, Duke of the Second Rank (; d. 1609), third son ** Turan, Prince Kexi of the Third Rank (; d. 1648), fourth son ** Jaisanggū, Prince Hehui of the Third Rank (), fifth son ** Princess of the Second Rank (; 22 July 1590 – May/June 1649), personal name Sundai (), fourth daughter *** Married Enggeder (; d. 1636) of the Khalkha Borjigit clan in March/April 1617 ** Sixth daughter (b. 13 February 1595) *** Married Moluohun () of the Manchu

Nara The National Archives and Records Administration (NARA) is an " independent federal agency of the United States government within the executive branch", charged with the preservation and documentation of government and historical records. It i ...

clan in January/February 1614 ** Seventh daughter (b. 18 September 1597) *** Married Chuoheluo () of the Manchu

Wanyan The Wanyan (; Manchu: ''Wanggiyan''; Jurchen script: ) clan was among the clans of the Heishui Mohe tribe living in the drainage region of the Heilong River during the time of the Khitan-led Liao dynasty. Of the Heishui Mohe, the clan was count ...

clan in July 1609 ** ''Nuomudai'' (; 2 August 1601 – 30 July 1613), seventh son ** Eighth daughter (b. 1602) *** Married Badana () of the Manchu

clan in August/September 1616 ** ''Ninth daughter'' ** Tenth daughter (b. 17 December 1603) *** Married Babai () of the Mongol Borjigit clan in August/September 1622 * Secondary consort, of the Ula Nara clan (), personal name Hunai (滹奈) **

Jirgalang Jirgalang or Jirhalang (Manchu: 19 November 1599 – June 11, 1655) was a Manchu noble, regent, and political and military leader of the early Qing dynasty. Born in the Aisin Gioro clan, he was the sixth son of Šurhaci, a younger brother of ...

, Prince Zhengxian of the First Rank (; 19 November 1599 – 11 June 1655), sixth son * Secondary consort, of the

clan () ** Fiyanggū, Prince Jianjingding of the First Rank (; 1605 – January/February 1644), eighth son * Concubine, of the

Donggo Donggo (，pinyin:Dong'e) was a clan of Manchu nobility belonging to the Manchu Plain White Banner, one of the 3 upper banners of Eight Banner system. Several lineages were members of Manchu Plain Red Banner. Donggo Hala was a branch of Irgen Gio ...

clan () ** Fifth daughter (b. 18 March 1593) *** Married Gumubei () of the Manchu

clan in February/March 1606 * Concubine, of the Ayan Gioro clan () ** Naodai (; b. 1608), ninth son ** 11th daughter (b. 23 June 1608) *** Married Kudena () of the Manchu Lala () clan in March/April 1623 ** 12th daughter (b. 25 March 1610) *** Married Muwuna () of the Manchu

clan in January/February 1623 * Concubine, of the Sirin Gioro clan ** Jaisanggū, Prince Hehui of the Third Rank (), fifth son

Ancestry

References

* * Peterson, Willard J. (2002). ''The Cambridge History of China, Volume 9''. Cambridge University Press. {{DEFAULTSORT:Surhaci 1564 births 1611 deaths Manchu people History of Manchuria Prince Zhuang