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Faʻafafine
Faʻafafine are people who identify themselves as having a third gender or non-binary role in Samoa, American Samoa and the Samoan diaspora. A recognised gender identity/gender role in traditional Samoan society, and an integral part of Samoan culture, ''faʻafafine'' are assigned male at birth, and explicitly embody both masculine and feminine gender traits in a way unique to Polynesia. Their behaviour typically ranges from extravagantly feminine to conventionally masculine. Anthropologists have speculated that if a Samoan family had more boys than girls or not enough girls to help with women's duties about the house, male children would be chosen to be raised as ''faʻafafine'', however, this theory has been disputed. It has been estimated that 1–5% of Samoans identify as ''faʻafafine''. According to SBS news, there are up to 3,000 ''faʻafafine'' currently living in Samoa. History and terminology The word ''faʻafafine'' includes the causative prefix ''faʻa–'', meani ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Miss Island Queen Pageant
Miss Island Queen is a faʻafafine pageant held annually in American Samoa. It is noted for being the longest standing pageant of its kind in the South Pacific. It was first held in 1979 before undergoing a series of changes. No pageant was held in 1980 and 1982 as it endured shifts in ownership. It was canceled in 1986 due to a tropical cyclone and ceased again in 1999 and 2002 when it struggled with funding. In 1996 It was held simultaneously on the same evening as another faʻafafine pageant ''Empress of Samoa''. In 2008 the pageant coincided with the Festival of Pacific Arts and became the closing event of festivities. After undergoing extensive reestablishment in 2010 the pageant has since been held during Flag Day week and broadcast live on KVZK-2. It is now known as Miss SOFIAS and maintains yearly advocacy and charity programs. History The pageant began as a marketing show for Herb & Sia's motel a family owned business, in its heyday it was a staple for Polynesian revues a ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Same-sex Marriage
Same-sex marriage, also known as gay marriage, is the marriage of two people of the same Legal sex and gender, sex or gender. marriage between same-sex couples is legally performed and recognized in 33 countries, with the most recent being Same-sex marriage in Mexico, Mexico, constituting some 1.35 billion people (17% of the world's population). In Same-sex marriage in Andorra, Andorra, a law allowing same-sex marriage will come into force on 17 February 2023. Same-sex adoption, Adoption rights are not necessarily covered, though most states with same-sex marriage allow those couples to jointly adopt as other married couples can. In contrast, 34 countries (as of 2021) have definitions of marriage in their constitutions that prevent marriage between couples of the same sex, most enacted in recent decades as a preventative measure. Some other countries have constitutionally mandated Islamic law, which is generally interpreted as prohibiting marriage between same-sex couples. ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
LGBT Rights In Samoa
Lesbian, gay, bisexual and transgender (LGBT) people in Samoa face legal challenges not faced by non-LGBT people. Same-sex sexual acts are illegal, punishable by up to seven years imprisonment, but the law is not enforced. Samoan society tends to be very tolerant of being transgender, but not of homosexuality. It has a large transgender or "third gender" community called '' fa'afafine''. ''Fa'afafine'' are a recognized part of traditional Samoan customs, allowing for transgender people, in particular trans women, to be accepted as they have always been a part of Samoan culture. Groups advocating for better representation of and the decriminalization of homosexuality include the Samoa Fa'afafine Association which sees anti-gay laws as hindering the full incorporation of both ''fa'afafine'' and gay and lesbian Samoans into society. Additionally, in 2011, Samoa signed the " joint statement on ending acts of violence and related human rights violations based on sexual orientation ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Samoa Fa'afafine Association
Samoa, officially the Independent State of Samoa; sm, Sāmoa, and until 1997 known as Western Samoa, is a Polynesian island country consisting of two main islands ( Savai'i and Upolu); two smaller, inhabited islands ( Manono and Apolima); and several smaller, uninhabited islands, including the Aleipata Islands ( Nu'utele, Nu'ulua, Fanuatapu and Namua). Samoa is located west of American Samoa, northeast of Tonga (closest foreign country), northeast of Fiji, east of Wallis and Futuna, southeast of Tuvalu, south of Tokelau, southwest of Hawaii, and northwest of Niue. The capital city is Apia. The Lapita people discovered and settled the Samoan Islands around 3,500 years ago. They developed a Samoan language and Samoan cultural identity. Samoa is a unitary parliamentary democracy with 11 administrative divisions. It is a sovereign state and a member of the Commonwealth of Nations. Western Samoa was admitted to the United Nations on 15 December 1976. Because of the S ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Faʻamatai
''Fa'amatai'' is the indigenous political ('chiefly') system of Samoa, central to the organization of Samoan society. It is the traditional indigenous form of governance in both Samoas, comprising American Samoa and the Independent State of Samoa. The term comprises the prefix ''fa'a'' ( Samoan for "in the way of") and the word ''matai'' (family name or title). Of central importance in the system are the ''matai'', the holders of family chief titles, and their role in looking after their family. ''Fa'amatai'' is the key socio-political system of governance and way of life ('' fa'a Samoa'') in Samoan culture. Inherent in the ''fa'amatai'' system is the welfare and well-being of the extended family ('' 'aiga'') and the protection of family property, consisting most importantly of customary land. About 81% (567,000 acres), is under customary ownership, with the rest under the national government (''malo'') as public lands with another 4% freehold. At the apex of this system are ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Tautua
Tautua is a word in Samoan that expresses the cultural tradition of service to the family or ''aiga'' and specifically to the ''ali'i'' or titles of the family; it can also mean any service of an individual to a greater cause. Tautua is reflected in the Samoan proverb—''o le ala i le pule o le tautua''—the road to leadership is through service.G.B. Milner (1966). ''Samoan Dictionary''. Pg. 145. Polynesian Press, Aotearoa-New Zealand. Tautua can mean monetary and material contributions to ''fa'alavelave'', which mean important extended family events such as weddings or funerals, but more often it means labor, such as cleaning and preparing family functions, cooking, taking care of the elderly and children of the extended family, farming in family plantations, etc. References Further reading * Malama Meleisea (1987)The Making of Modern Samoa: Traditional Authority and Colonial Administration in the History of Western Samoa.University of the South Pacific Press. * Vaai, Saleim ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Avunculate
The avunculate, sometimes called avunculism or avuncularism, is any social institution where a special relationship exists between an uncle and his sisters' children. This relationship can be formal or informal, depending on the society. Early anthropological research focused on the association between the avunculate and matrilineal descent, while later research has expanded to consider the avunculate in general society. Definition The term ''avunculate'' comes from the Latin '' avunculus,'' the maternal uncle. The 1989 ''Oxford English Dictionary'' defines "avunculate" as follows: :"Avunculate. The special relationship existing in some societies between a maternal uncle and his sister's son; maternal uncles regarded as a collective body. ::1920 R. H. LOWIE Prim. Soc. v. 81 Ethnologists describe under the heading of avunculate the customs regulating in an altogether special way the relations of a nephew to his maternal uncle. Ibid. vii. 171 The Omaha are patrilineal now, but th ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Androphilia And Gynephilia
Androphilia and gynephilia are terms used in behavioral science to describe sexual orientation, as an alternative to a gender binary homosexual and heterosexual conceptualization. Androphilia describes sexual attraction to men or masculinity; gynephilia describes the sexual attraction to women or femininity. Ambiphilia describes the combination of both androphilia and gynephilia in a given individual, or bisexuality.Diamond M (2010). Sexual orientation and gender identity. In Weiner IB, Craighead EW eds. The Corsini Encyclopedia of Psychology, Volume 4. p. 1578. John Wiley and Sons, The terms are used for identifying a person's objects of attraction without attributing a sex assignment or gender identity to the person. It may be used when describing intersex and transgender people, especially those who are nonbinary. Historical use Androphilia Magnus Hirschfeld, an early-20th century German sexologist and physician, divided homosexual men into four groups: paedophiles, who are ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Nafanua
Nafanua was a historical ''ali'i'' (chief/queen) and ''toa'' (warrior) of Samoa from the Sā Tonumaipe'ā clan, who took four ''pāpā'' (district) titles, the leading ali'i titles of Samoa. After her death she became a goddess in Polynesian religion. There are historical and mythological traditions about Nafanua's family and life. She reportedly played a crucial role in the civil wars between the districts of eastern and western Savai’i. Life Family According to Samoan mythology, she was the daughter of Saveasi'uleo, also considered a demigod, the Ali'i of Pulotu. Coming of Age in American Anthropology: Margaret Mead a ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Queen Salamasina
Queen Salamasina (floruit in the 1500s) was a powerful and high-ranking woman in Samoan social history. She held the four papā (district) titles which gave her the paramount status of Tafa‘ifā ('one supported by four') on the western islands of Samoa. Contrary to popular belief she was not the first Tafa'ifā, as these titles were willed to her by their previous possessor, Nafanua (Tonumaipe'a Nāfanua). She is the titular ancestor of two of the four paramount titles of Samoa, Tupua Tamasese of Falefa and Salani and the Amaile Mataafa line. Family History Salamāsina descended from several powerful royal bloodlines. Her mother, Vaetoefaga, was an extremely highborn noblewoman who enjoyed a lofty position in both Samoan and Tongan societies. Vaetoefaga's father was the Tu‘i Tonga Kau‘ulufonua II (a son of Tu'i Tonga Kau'ulufonua I and the Samoan noblewoman Vainu'ulasi) and her mother was Taupoimāsina (the daughter of high chief Lefono of Amoa, Savai'i). As a teenager ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
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