|
Farrer's Scallop
Farrer's scallop (''Chlamys farreri''), also known as the Chinese scallop, is a species of marine bivalve mollusk is the scallop family; Pectinidae. History of aquaculture This species is farmed at an industrial level off mainland China, but production was devastated by a series of epidemics in the 1990s. , . Netherlands Business Support Office (Dalian), 2010. Accessed 13 Aug 2014. It is now thought that this die-off was the result of infections with '' Ostreavirus'', a herpes virus in the family '' |
Bivalve
Bivalvia (), in previous centuries referred to as the Lamellibranchiata and Pelecypoda, is a class of marine and freshwater molluscs that have laterally compressed bodies enclosed by a shell consisting of two hinged parts. As a group, bivalves have no head and they lack some usual molluscan organs, like the radula and the odontophore. They include the clams, oysters, cockles, mussels, scallops, and numerous other families that live in saltwater, as well as a number of families that live in freshwater. The majority are filter feeders. The gills have evolved into ctenidia, specialised organs for feeding and breathing. Most bivalves bury themselves in sediment, where they are relatively safe from predation. Others lie on the sea floor or attach themselves to rocks or other hard surfaces. Some bivalves, such as the scallops and file shells, can swim. The shipworms bore into wood, clay, or stone and live inside these substances. The shell of a bivalve is composed of calc ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Pectinidae
Scallop () is a common name that encompasses various species of marine bivalve mollusks in the taxonomic family Pectinidae, the scallops. However, the common name "scallop" is also sometimes applied to species in other closely related families within the superfamily Pectinoidea, which also includes the thorny oysters. Scallops are a cosmopolitan family of bivalves found in all of the world's oceans, although never in fresh water. They are one of the very few groups of bivalves to be primarily "free-living", with many species capable of rapidly swimming short distances and even migrating some distance across the ocean floor. A small minority of scallop species live cemented to rocky substrates as adults, while others attach themselves to stationary or rooted objects such as seagrass at some point in their lives by means of a filament they secrete called a byssal thread. The majority of species, however, live recumbent on sandy substrates, and when they sense the presence of a pr ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Scallop Aquaculture
Scallop aquaculture is the commercial activity of cultivating (farming) scallops until they reach a marketable size and can be sold as a consumer product. Wild juvenile scallops, or spat, were collected for growing in Japan as early as 1934. The first attempts to fully cultivate scallops in farm environments were not recorded until the 1950s and 1960s.Shumway SE & Parsons GJ (2006). Scallops: Biology, Ecology and Aquaculture. Elsevier B.V., Amsterdam. Traditionally, fishing for wild scallops has been the preferred practice, since farming can be expensive. However worldwide declines in wild scallop populations have resulted in the growth of aquaculture. Globally the scallop aquaculture industry is now well established, with a reported annual production totalling over 1,200,000 metric tonnes from about 12 species. China and Japan account for about 90% of the reported production. Cultured species There are varying degrees of aquaculture intensity used for different species of scall ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Chinese Fishing Industry
China has one-fifth of the world's population and accounts for one-third of the world's reported fish production as well as two-thirds of the world's reported aquaculture production.FAO Fact sheetAquaculture in China and Asia It is also a major importer of seafood and the country's seafood market is estimated to grow to a market size worth US$53.5 Billion by 2027. China's 2005 reported catch of wild fish, caught in rivers, lakes, and the sea, was 17.1 million tonnes, far ahead of the second-ranked nation, the United States, which reported 4.9 million tonnes. The Chinese commercial fishing fleet is responsible for more illegal, unreported and unregulated fishing than that of any other nation. Aquaculture, the farming of fish in ponds, lakes and tanks, accounts for two-thirds of China's reported output. China's 2005 reported harvest was 32.4 million tonnes, more than 10 times that of the second-ranked nation, India, which reported 2.8 million tonnes. The country's aquaculture mar ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Mainland China
"Mainland China" is a geopolitical term defined as the territory governed by the People's Republic of China (including islands like Hainan or Chongming), excluding dependent territories of the PRC, and other territories within Greater China. By convention, the territories that fall outside of the Chinese mainland include: * Hong Kong, a quasi-dependent territory under PRC rule that is officially designated a " Special Administrative Region of the PRC" (formerly a British colony) * Macau, a quasi-dependent territory under PRC rule that is officially designated a "Special Administrative Region of the PRC" (formerly a Portuguese colony) * Territories ruled by the Republic of China (ROC, commonly referred to as Taiwan), including the island of Taiwan, the Penghu (Pescadores) islands in the Taiwan Strait, and the islands Kinmen, Matsu, and Wuqiu (Kinmen) offshore of Fujian. Overseas Chinese, especially Malaysian Chinese and Chinese Singaporeans, use this term to describe p ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Fish Diseases
Like humans and other animals, fish suffer from diseases and parasites. Fish defences against disease are specific and non-specific. Non-specific defences include skin and scales, as well as the mucus layer secreted by the epidermis that traps microorganisms and inhibits their growth. If pathogens breach these defences, fish can develop inflammatory responses that increase the flow of blood to infected areas and deliver white blood cells that attempt to destroy the pathogens. Specific defences are specialised responses to particular pathogens recognised by the fish's body, that is adaptative immune responses. In recent years, vaccines have become widely used in aquaculture and ornamental fish, for example vaccines for commercial food fishes like Aeromonas salmonicida, furunculosis in salmon and Lactococcosis\Streptococcosis in farmed grey mullet, Tilapia and koi herpes virus in koi. Some commercially important fish diseases are VHS, ICH, and whirling disease. Parasites ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ostreavirus
''Ostreavirus'' is a genus of viruses in the order ''Herpesvirales'', and one of only two genera in the family ''Malacoherpesviridae''. Molluscs serve as natural hosts. There is only one species described in this genus, ''Ostreid herpesvirus 1'' (OsHV-1), commonly known as oyster herpesvirus. A disease associated with this genus is sporadic episodes of high mortality among larvae and juveniles. Acute viral necrosis virus, which affects scallops such as ''Chlamys farreri'', appears to be a variant of ''Ostreid herpesvirus 1''.Ren W, Chen H, Renault T, Cai Y, Bai C, Wang C, Huang J (2013) Complete genome sequence of acute viral necrosis virus associated with massive mortality outbreaks in the Chinese scallop, ''Chlamys farreri''" ''Virol J'' 10(1) 110 ''Ostreid herpesvirus 1'' was subsequently detected in the common octopus (''Octopus vulgaris The common octopus (''Octopus vulgaris'') is a mollusc belonging to the class Cephalopoda. ''Octopus vulgaris'' is one of the most stud ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Malacoherpesviridae
''Malacoherpesviridae'' is a family of DNA viruses in the order ''Herpesvirales''. Molluscs serve as natural hosts, making members of this family the only known herpesviruses to infect invertebrates. There are currently only two species recognised in this family, both classified into separate genera. Disease associated with this family includes sporadic episodes of high mortality among larvae and juveniles. The family name ''Malacoherpesviridae'' is derived from Greek language, Greek word 'μαλακός (malacos) meaning 'soft' and from Greek word 'μαλάκιον (malakion) meaning 'mollusc'. Taxonomy * ''Ostreavirus'' Davison et al., 2009 ** ''Ostreid herpesvirus 1'' Davison et al., 2009 – acronym: OsHV-1, common name: oyster herpesvirus, its host are bivalves (oysters) and the octopus species ''Octopus vulgaris''. * ''Aurivirus'' Savin et al., 2010, syn. ''Haliotivirus'' ** ''Haliotid herpesvirus 1'' Savin et al., 2010 – acronym: HaHV-1 or AbHV-1 (Corbeil et al., 2017, ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Molluscs Described In 1776
Mollusca is the second-largest phylum of invertebrate animals after the Arthropoda, the members of which are known as molluscs or mollusks (). Around 85,000 extant species of molluscs are recognized. The number of fossil species is estimated between 60,000 and 100,000 additional species. The proportion of undescribed species is very high. Many taxa remain poorly studied. Molluscs are the largest marine phylum, comprising about 23% of all the named marine organisms. Numerous molluscs also live in freshwater and terrestrial habitats. They are highly diverse, not just in size and anatomical structure, but also in behaviour and habitat. The phylum is typically divided into 7 or 8 taxonomic classes, of which two are entirely extinct. Cephalopod molluscs, such as squid, cuttlefish, and octopuses, are among the most neurologically advanced of all invertebrates—and either the giant squid or the colossal squid is the largest known invertebrate species. The g ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Chlamys (bivalve)
''Chlamys'' is a genus of small scallops, marine bivalve molluscs in the family Pectinidae. The name is taken from the Ancient Greek, χλαμΰς or Chlamys, a cloak worn by soldiers. Species * '' Chlamys albida'' (R. Arnold, 1906) – white scallop * '' Chlamys australis'' Sowerby, 1844 * '' Chlamys behringiana'' (Middendorff, 1849) – Bering scallop * '' Chlamys bruei'' (Payraudeau, 1826) * '' Chlamys circularis'' (Sowerby, 1835) * '' Chlamys consociata'' (E. A. Smith, 1915) * '' Chlamys dichroa'' ( Suter, 1909) * '' Chlamys dieffenbachi'' ( Reeve, 1853) * '' Chlamys distorta'' * '' Chlamys farreri'' (Müller, 1776) * '' Chlamys gemmulata'' ( Reeve, 1853) * '' Chlamys hastata'' (G. B. Sowerby II, 1842) – spear scallop, spiny scallop * '' Chlamys islandica'' (Müller, 1776) – Iceland scallop * '' Chlamys jordani'' Arnold, 1903 – Jordan scallop * '' Chlamys kincaidi'' Oldroyd, 1929 * '' Chlamys kiwaensis'' Powell, 1933 * '' Chlamys liocymatus'' ( Dall, 1925) * '' ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
