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FM-200
1,1,1,2,3,3,3-Heptafluoropropane, also called heptafluoropropane, HFC-227ea (ISO name), HFC-227 or FM-200, as well as apaflurane (INN), is a colourless, odourless gaseous halocarbon commonly used as a gaseous fire suppression agent. Chemistry Its chemical formula is CF-CHF-CF, or CHF. With a boiling point of −16.4 °C, it is a gas at room temperature. It is slightly soluble in water (260 mg/L). Use HFC-227ea is used in fire suppression systems that protect data processing and telecommunication facilities, and in fire suppression of many flammable liquids and gases. HFC-227ea is categorized as a Clean Agent and is governed by ''NFPA 2001 - Standard for Clean Agent Fire Extinguishing Systems''. Effective fire suppression requires introducing a concentration of the HFC-227ea agent between 6.25% and 9% depending on the hazard being suppressed. Its NOAEL for cardiac sensitization is 9%. The United States Environmental Protection Agency allows concentration of 9% volume ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Argonite
Gaseous fire suppression, also called clean agent fire suppression, is the use of inert gases and chemical agents to extinguish a fire. These agents are governed by the National Fire Protection Association (NFPA) Standard for Clean Agent Fire Extinguishing Systems – NFPA 2001 in the US, with different standards and regulations elsewhere. The system typically consists of the agent, agent storage containers, agent release valves, fire detectors, fire detection system (wiring control panel, actuation signaling), agent delivery piping, and agent dispersion nozzles. Theory There are four means used by the agents to extinguish a fire. They act on the " fire tetrahedron": * Reduction or isolation of fuel. No agents currently use this as the primary means of fire suppression. * Reduction of heat. Representative agents: Clean agent FS 49 C2 (NAF S 227, MH227, FM-200), Novec 1230, pentafluoroethane (NAF S125, ECARO-25). * Reduction or isolation of oxygen: Representative agents: IG-0 ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
1,1,1,2,2,3,3-Heptachloropropane
1,1,1,2,2,3,3-Heptachloropropane is a Chemical compound, compound of chlorine, hydrogen, and carbon. Its linear formula is CClCHCl. Heptachloropropane is made in a modified Friedel-Crafts or Prins reaction from chloroform and tetrachloroethylene with catalytic aluminum chloride. Elimination reaction, Dehydrochlorination with a base gives hexachloropropene. References [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Frostbite
Frostbite is a skin injury that occurs when someone is exposed to extremely low temperatures, causing the freezing of the skin or other tissues, commonly affecting the fingers, toes, nose, ears, cheeks and chin areas. Most often, frostbite occurs in the hands and feet. The initial symptoms are typically a feeling of cold and tingling or numbing. This may be followed by clumsiness with a white or bluish color to the skin. Swelling or blistering may occur following treatment. Complications may include hypothermia or compartment syndrome. People who are exposed to low temperatures for prolonged periods, such as winter sports enthusiasts, military personnel, and homeless individuals, are at greatest risk. Other risk factors include drinking alcohol, smoking, mental health problems, certain medications, and prior injuries due to cold. The underlying mechanism involves injury from ice crystals and blood clots in small blood vessels following thawing. Diagnosis is based on sympt ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
FS49C2
Clean agent FS 49 C2 is an environmentally engineered, human safe, fast acting Clean Agent fire extinguishing gas for gaseous fire suppression installed in a suited fire suppression system. The gas consists of tetrafluoroethane, pentafluoroethane and carbon dioxide. FS 49 C2 maintains breathable concentrations of oxygen in the air. It can extinguish a fire with less danger to people in the room at extinguishing concentrations in contrast to pure carbon dioxide based fire suppression system that is deadly to humans when released in extinguishing amounts. The gas was initially called Halotron II B/FS49C2. Thermal fire suppression FS 49 C2 acts similarly to an inert gas. It absorbs the heat produced from the combustion process. This mechanism is consistent with the observation that the fire heat release rate does not decrease until sufficient gas is released. The difference from inert gases and FS 49 C2 is that it takes less gas to suppress a fire, and therefore gas storage ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Halon 1211
Bromochlorodifluoromethane (BCF), also referred to by the code numbers Halon 1211 and Freon 12B1, is a haloalkane with the chemical formula C F2 Cl Br. It is used for fire suppression, especially for expensive equipment or items that could be damaged by the residue from other types of extinguishers. It is stored as a liquid under pressure and vaporizes when discharged to suppress fires. The use of halons, including Halon 1211, has decreased over time due to their adverse impact on the ozone layer. Alternatives have been developed to mitigate environmental concerns while still providing effective fire suppression capabilities. Use as a fire extinguishing agent Brominated haloalkanes were first used during World War II in fire extinguishers for aircraft and tanks. BCF was introduced as an effective gaseous fire suppression agent in the mid-1960s for use around highly valuable materials in places such as museums, mainframe rooms, and telecommunication switching centers. BCFs were al ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
FK-5-1-12
Perfluoro(2-methyl-3-pentanone) is a fluorinated ketone with the structural formula CF3CF2C(=O)CF(CF3)2, a fully-fluorinated analog of ethyl isopropyl ketone. It is used as an electronics coolant liquid and fire protection fluid sold commercially by 3M under brand names such as Novec 1230, Novec 649, and FK-5-1-12. It is also known as "waterless water" or "dry water". Applications 3M produces perfluoro(2-methyl-3-pentanone) under different brand names of Novec 1230 and Novec 649. These two products have different purity grades (>99% and >99.9%, respectively) intended for different industrial applications. Novec 1230 and FK-5-1-12 Novec 1230 is used as gaseous fire suppression agent in scenarios where water-based fire suppression (for example, from a fire sprinkler) would be impractical or where it could damage expensive equipment or property, such as museums, server rooms, banks, clean rooms and hospitals. It functions by rapidly removing heat to extinguish a fire before it sta ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
FE-13
Fluoroform, or trifluoromethane, is the chemical compound with the formula . It is a hydrofluorocarbon as well as being a part of the haloforms, a class of compounds with the formula (X = halogen) with C3v symmetry. Fluoroform is used in diverse applications in organic synthesis. It is not an ozone depleter but is a greenhouse gas. Synthesis About 20 million kg per year are produced industrially as both a by-product of and precursor to the manufacture of Teflon. It is produced by reaction of chloroform with HF: : It is also generated biologically in small amounts apparently by decarboxylation of trifluoroacetic acid. Historical Fluoroform was first obtained by Maurice Meslans in the violent reaction of iodoform with dry silver fluoride in 1894. The reaction was improved by Otto Ruff by substitution of silver fluoride by a mixture of mercury fluoride and calcium fluoride. The exchange reaction works with iodoform and bromoform, and the exchange of the first two halogen a ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
ECARO-25
Pentafluoroethane is a fluorocarbon with the formula CF3CHF2. Pentafluoroethane is currently used as a refrigerant (known as R-125) and also used as a fire suppression agent in fire suppression systems. Pentafluoroethane does not deplete ozone so it has replaced earlier fluorinated chemicals that did. However while it has zero ozone depletion potential, it has high global warming potential, reported by the United States Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) as 3450 times that of carbon dioxide. Refrigerant Pentafluoroethane in a near azeotropic mixture with difluoromethane is known as R-410A, a common replacement for various chlorofluorocarbons (commonly known as ''Freon'') in new refrigerant systems. Fire suppression systems HFC-125 (ECARO-25 / FE-25 / NAF S 125) is a gaseous fire suppression agent which can be used in clean agent fire suppression systems. In addition, HFC-125 leaves no residue on valuable equipment and material after discharge. It is generally used in situati ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
United States Government
The Federal Government of the United States of America (U.S. federal government or U.S. government) is the Federation#Federal governments, national government of the United States. The U.S. federal government is composed of three distinct branches: United States Congress, legislative, President of the United States, executive, and Federal judiciary of the United States, judicial. Powers of these three branches are defined and vested by the Constitution of the United States, U.S. Constitution, which has been in continuous effect since May 4, 1789. The powers and duties of these branches are further defined by Act of Congress, Acts of Congress, including the creation of United States federal executive departments, executive departments and courts subordinate to the Supreme Court of the United States, U.S. Supreme Court. In the Federalism in the United States, federal division of power, the federal government shares sovereignty with each of the 50 states in their respective t ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
