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F200DB-045
F200DB-045 is a candidate high-redshift galaxy, with an estimated redshift of approximately z = 20.4, corresponding to 168 million years after the Big Bang. (H0=67.4 and OmegaM=0.315 (see Table/Planck2018 at " Lambda-CDM model#Parameters" ) If confirmed, it would be one of the earliest and most distant known galaxies observed. F200DB-045 would have a light-travel distance (lookback time) of 13.7 billion years, and, due to the expansion of the universe, a present proper distance of 36.1 billion light-years. Nonetheless, the redshift value of the galaxy presented by the procedure in one study may differ from the values presented in other studies using different procedures. Discovery The candidate high-redshift galaxy F200DB-045 was discovered within the data from the Early Release Observations (ERO) that was obtained using the Near Infrared Camera of the James Webb Space Telescope (JWST) in July 2022. This data included a nearby galaxy cluster SMACS 0723-73, a massive cluster ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
CEERS-93316
CEERS-93316 is a candidate high-redshift galaxy, with an estimated redshift of approximately z = 16.4, corresponding to 236 million years after the Big Bang. If confirmed, it would be one of the earliest and most distant known galaxies observed. CEERS-93316 would have a light-travel distance (lookback time) of 13.7 billion years, and, due to the expansion of the universe, a present proper distance of 34.9 billion light-years. (H0=67.4 and OmegaM=0.315 (see Table/Planck2018 at " Lambda-CDM model#Parameters" ) Discovery The candidate high-redshift galaxy CEERS-93316 ( RA:14:19:39.48 DEC:+52:56:34.92), in the Boötes constellation, was discovered by the CEERS imaging observing program using the Near Infrared Camera of the James Webb Space Telescope (JWST) in July 2022. CEERS stands for "Cosmic Evolution Early Release Science Survey", and is a deep- and wide-field sky survey program developed specifically for JWST image studies, and is conducted by the CEERS Collaboration. The ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
List Of The Most Distant Astronomical Objects
This article documents the most distant astronomical objects discovered and verified so far, and the time periods in which they were so classified. For comparisons with the light travel distance of the astronomical objects listed below, the age of the universe since the Big Bang is currently estimated as 13.787±0.020 Gyr. Distances to remote objects, other than those in nearby galaxies, are nearly always inferred by measuring the cosmological redshift of their light. By their nature, very distant objects tend to be very faint, and these distance determinations are difficult and subject to errors. An important distinction is whether the distance is determined via spectroscopy or using a photometric redshift technique. The former is generally both more precise and also more reliable, in the sense that photometric redshifts are more prone to being wrong due to confusion with lower redshift sources that may have unusual spectra. For that reason, a spectroscopic redshift is conventio ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
J2000
In astronomy, an epoch or reference epoch is a instant, moment in time used as a reference point for some time-varying astronomical quantity. It is useful for the celestial coordinates or orbital elements of a Astronomical object, celestial body, as they are subject to Perturbation (astronomy), perturbations and vary with time. These time-varying astronomical quantities might include, for example, the mean longitude or mean anomaly of a body, the node of its orbit relative to a reference plane, the direction of the apogee or Perihelion and aphelion, aphelion of its orbit, or the size of the major axis of its orbit. The main use of astronomical quantities specified in this way is to calculate other relevant parameters of motion, in order to predict future positions and velocities. The applied tools of the disciplines of celestial mechanics or its subfield orbital mechanics (for predicting orbital paths and positions for bodies in motion under the gravitational effects of other bodi ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
James Webb Space Telescope
The James Webb Space Telescope (JWST) is a space telescope which conducts infrared astronomy. As the largest optical telescope in space, its high resolution and sensitivity allow it to view objects too old, distant, or faint for the Hubble Space Telescope. This will enable investigations across many fields of astronomy and cosmology, such as observation of the first stars, the formation of the first galaxies, and detailed atmospheric characterization of potentially habitable exoplanets. The U.S. National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) led JWST's design and development and partnered with two main agencies: the European Space Agency (ESA) and the Canadian Space Agency (CSA). The NASA Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC) in Maryland managed telescope development, the Space Telescope Science Institute in Baltimore on the Homewood Campus of Johns Hopkins University operates JWST, and the prime contractor was Northrop Grumman. The telescope is named after James E. Webb, ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Peekaboo Galaxy
The Peekaboo Galaxy (officially known as HIPASS J1131-31 and PGC 5060432) is an irregular compact blue (suggesting hot young stars) dwarf galaxy in the constellation Hydra. The galaxy is relatively small, at about 1,200 light-years (0.37 Mpc) across; and nearby, at a distance of about 22 million light-years (6.8 Mpc) from Earth. The Peekaboo Galaxy is considered one of the most metal-poor ( "extremely metal-poor" (XMP)), least chemically enriched, and seemingly primordial, galaxies known. Discovery Discovery of the Peekaboo Galaxy, hiding behind a relatively fast-moving foreground star, named TYC 7215-199-1, became apparent when, in the past 50 to 100 years, the star moved aside, clearing the view to the obscured galaxy. Hence, the related "Peekaboo" naming of the galaxy. Detailed studies of the galaxy were reported in November 2022, and were based on work using the Hubble Space Telescope. The astronomers were able to closely examine about 60 of the individual stars in the ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
JADES-GS-z13-0
JADES-GS-z13-0 is a high-redshift Lyman-break galaxy discovered by the James Webb Space Telescope (JWST) during NIRCam imaging for the JWST Advanced Deep Extragalactic Survey (JADES) on 29 September 2022. Spectroscopic observations by JWST's NIRSpec instrument in October 2022 confirmed the galaxy's redshift of ''z'' = 13.2 to a high accuracy, establishing it as the oldest and most distant spectroscopically-confirmed galaxy known , with a light-travel distance (lookback time) of 13.6 billion years. Due to the expansion of the universe, its present proper distance is 33.6 billion light-years. JADES-GS-z13-0 is located in the Great Observatories Origins Deep Survey – South (GOODS-S) field in the constellation Fornax, which includes the Hubble Ultra Deep Field. See also * List of the most distant astronomical objects This article documents the most distant astronomical objects discovered and verified so far, and the time periods in which they were so classified. For comp ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
HD1 (galaxy)
HD1 is a proposed high-redshift galaxy, and is considered, as of April 2022, to be one of the earliest and most distant known galaxies yet identified in the observable universe. The galaxy, with an estimated redshift of approximately z = 13.27, is seen as it was about 324 million years after the Big Bang, 13.787 billion years ago. It has a light-travel distance (lookback time) of 13.463 billion light-years from Earth, and, due to the expansion of the universe, a present proper distance of 33.288 billion light-years. KEMP Cosmology Calculator - Set H0=67.4 and OmegaM=0.315 (see Table/Planck2018 at " Lambda-CDM model#Parameters") Discovery The discovery of the proposed high-redshift galaxy HD1 ( RA:10:01:51.31 DEC:+02:32:50.0) in the Sextans constellation, along with another high-redshift galaxy, HD2 ( RA:02:18:52.44 DEC:-05:08:36.1) in the Cetus constellation, was reported by astronomers at the University of Tokyo on 7 April 2022. These two galaxies were found in two p ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
GLASS-z12
GLASS-z12 is a candidate Lyman-break galaxy discovered by the Grism Lens-Amplified Survey from Space (GLASS) observing program using the James Webb Space Telescope in July 2022. It is currently one of the earliest and most distant galaxies ever discovered, dating back to just 350 million years after the Big Bang, 13.6 billion years ago. GLASS-z12 derives its name from the GLASS survey that discovered it and its estimated redshift of approximately z = . GLASS-z12 was initially announced as ''GLASS-z13'' because it was thought to have a higher redshift of z = 13.1. This redshift value was later revised down to z = 12.4 in October 2022, resulting in the renaming of this galaxy. GLASS-z12 has a light-travel distance (lookback time) of 13.6 billion years. However, due to the expansion of the universe, its present proper distance is 33.2 billion light-years. It was discovered alongside another galaxy, GLASS-z10, comparable to GN-z11, also one of the oldest galaxies discovered. Spec ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Earliest Galaxies
A galaxy is a system of stars, stellar remnants, interstellar gas, dust, dark matter, bound together by gravity. The word is derived from the Greek ' (), literally 'milky', a reference to the Milky Way galaxy that contains the Solar System. Galaxies, averaging an estimated 100 million stars, range in size from dwarfs with less than a hundred million stars, to the largest galaxies known – supergiants with one hundred trillion stars, each orbiting its galaxy's center of mass. Most of the mass in a typical galaxy is in the form of dark matter, with only a few percent of that mass visible in the form of stars and nebulae. Supermassive black holes are a common feature at the centres of galaxies. Galaxies are categorized according to their visual morphology as elliptical, spiral, or irregular. Many are thought to have supermassive black holes at their centers. The Milky Way's central black hole, known as Sagittarius A*, has a mass four million times greater than the Sun. As of ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Population III
During 1944, Walter Baade categorized groups of stars within the Milky Way into stellar populations. In the abstract of the article by Baade, he recognizes that Jan Oort originally conceived this type of classification in 1926: Baade noticed that bluer stars were strongly associated with the spiral arms, and yellow stars dominated near the central galactic bulge and within globular star clusters. Two main divisions were defined as * Population I and * Population II, with another newer, hypothetical division called * Population III added in 1978; they are often simply abbreviated as Pop. I, Pop. II, and Pop. III. Among the population types, significant differences were found with their individual observed stellar spectra. These were later shown to be very important and were possibly related to star formation, observed kinematics, stellar age, and even galaxy evolution in both spiral and elliptical galaxies. These three simple population classes usef ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Early Universe
The chronology of the universe describes the history and future of the universe according to Big Bang cosmology. Research published in 2015 estimates the earliest stages of the universe's existence as taking place 13.8 billion years ago, with an uncertainty of around 21 million years at the 68% confidence level. The Planck Collaboration in 2015 published the estimate of 13.799 ± 0.021 billion years ago (68% confidence interval). See PDF: page 32, Table 4, Age/Gyr, last column. Outline Chronology in five stages For the purposes of this summary, it is convenient to divide the chronology of the universe since it originated, into five parts. It is generally considered meaningless or unclear whether time existed before this chronology: The very early universe The first picosecond (10−12) of cosmic time. It includes the Planck epoch, during which currently established laws of physics may not apply; the emergence in stages of the four known fundamental interactions or ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Spectroscopic Redshift
In physics, a redshift is an increase in the wavelength, and corresponding decrease in the frequency and photon energy, of electromagnetic radiation (such as light). The opposite change, a decrease in wavelength and simultaneous increase in frequency and energy, is known as a negative redshift, or blueshift. The terms derive from the colours red and blue which form the extremes of the Visible spectrum, visible light spectrum. In astronomy and cosmology, the three main causes of electromagnetic redshift are # The radiation travels between objects which are moving apart ("Special relativity, relativistic" redshift, an example of the relativistic Doppler effect) #The radiation travels towards an object in a weaker gravitational potential, i.e. towards an object in less strongly Curved space, curved (flatter) spacetime (gravitational redshift) #The radiation travels through Expansion of the universe, expanding space (cosmological redshift). The observation that all sufficiently di ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
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