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Europium(II) Chloride
Europium(II) chloride is an inorganic compound with a chemical formula EuCl2. When it is irradiated by ultraviolet light, it has bright blue fluorescence. Preparation Europium dichloride can be produced by reducing europium trichloride with hydrogen gas at high temperature:Klemm, Wilhelm; Doll, Walter. Measurements on the bivalent and the quadrivalent compounds of the rare earths. VI. The halides of bivalent europium. ''Zeitschrift für Anorganische und Allgemeine Chemie'', 1939. 241: 233–238. . : 2 EuCl3 + H2 → 2 EuCl2 + 2 HCl If dry europium trichloride reacts with lithium borohydride in THF, it can also produce europium dichloride: : 2 EuCl3 + 2 LiBH4 → 2 EuCl2 + 2 LiCl + H2↑ + B2H6↑ Properties Europium dichloride can form yellow ammonia complexes:EuCl2•8NH3, and can dissolve to pale yellowish EuCl2•NH3. Europium dichloride can react with europium hydride Europium hydride is the most common hydride of europium with a chemical formula EuH2. In this compound, europ ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Europium Difluoride
Europium(II) fluoride is an inorganic compound with a chemical formula EuF2. It was first synthesized in 1937.Zhao Yongzhi, Ma Ying, Hou Shaochun, Zhang Wenjuan, Wang Jingjing, Ding Yanrong, Hao Yifan氟化亚铕研究现状(''lit''. Research Progress of Europium(II) Fluoride). ''Chinese Rare Earths'', 2017. 38 (5): 134-140. (in Chinese) Production Europium(II) fluoride can be produced by reducing europium(III) fluoride with metallic europium or hydrogen gasGeorg Brauer: ''Handbuch der Präparativen Anorganischen Chemie''. 3., umgearb. Auflage. Band I. Enke, Stuttgart 1975, , S. 255. :\mathrm :\mathrm Properties Europium(II) fluoride is a bright yellowish solid with a fluorite structure. EuF2 can be used to dope a trivalent rare-earth fluoride, such as LaF3, to create a vacancy-filled structure with increased conductivity over a pure crystal. Such a crystal can be used as a fluoride-specific semipermeable membrane Semipermeable membrane is a type of biological or synthet ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Europium Dibromide
Europium(II) bromide is a crystalline compound of one europium atom and two bromine atoms. Europium(II) bromide is a white powder at room temperature, and odorless. Europium dibromide is hygroscopic Hygroscopy is the phenomenon of attracting and holding water molecules via either absorption or adsorption from the surrounding environment, which is usually at normal or room temperature. If water molecules become suspended among the substance .... Reactions Europium(II) bromide is known to be involved in three reactions: :2 EuBr3 + Eu → 3 EuBr2 (requires a temperature of 800-900 °C) :2 EuBr3 → 2 EuBr2 + Br2 (requires a temperature of 900-1000 °C) :Eu + HgBr2 → EuBr2 + Hg (requires a temperature of 700-800 °C) References {{Lanthanide halides Bromides Europium(II) compounds Lanthanide halides ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Europium Diiodide
Europium(II) iodide is the iodide salt of divalent europium cation. Preparation Europium(II) iodide can be prepared in a handful of ways, including: Reduction of europium(III) iodide with hydrogen gas at 350 °C: : Thermal decomposition of europium(III) iodide at 200 °C: : Reaction of europium with mercury(II) iodide: : Reaction of europium with ammonium iodide: : Structure Europium(II) iodide has several polymorphs. It adopts a monoclinic crystal structure in space group P 21/c (no. 14). It also adopts an orthorhombic polymorph in space group ''Pbca'' (no. 61). This form is isostructural with strontium iodide. A third polymorph of europium(II) iodide is formed if it is prepared from europium and ammonium iodide at low temperatures (200 K) in liquid ammonia Ammonia is an inorganic compound of nitrogen and hydrogen with the formula . A stable binary hydride, and the simplest pnictogen hydride, ammonia is a colourless gas with a distinct pungent s ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Samarium Dichloride
Samarium(II) chloride ( Sm Cl2) is a chemical compound, used as a radical generating agent in the ketone-mediated intraannulation reaction. Preparation Reduction of samarium(III) chloride with samarium metal in a vacuum at a temperature of 800 °C to 900 °C, or with hydrogen gas at 350 °C yields samarium(II) chloride: :2 SmCl3 + Sm → 3 SmCl2 :2 SmCl3 + H2 → 2 SmCl2 + 2 HCl Samarium(II) chloride can also be prepared by reducing samarium(III) chloride with lithium metal/naphthalene in THF: : SmCl3 + Li → SmCl2 + LiCl A similar reaction has been observed with sodium. Structure Samarium(II) chloride adopts the PbCl2 (cotunnite Cotunnite is the natural mineral form of lead(II) chloride with formula PbCl2. It was first described in 1825 from an occurrence on Mount Vesuvius, Naples Province, Campania, Italy. It was named for Domenico Cotugno (Cotunnius) (1736–1822), Ita ...) structure. References Chlorides Lanthanide halides Samarium compounds [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Thulium Dichloride
Thulium(II) chloride is an inorganic compound In chemistry, an inorganic compound is typically a chemical compound that lacks carbon–hydrogen bonds, that is, a compound that is not an organic compound. The study of inorganic compounds is a subfield of chemistry known as '' inorganic chemist ... with the chemical formula TmCl2. Production Thulium(II) chloride can be produced by reducing thulium(III) chloride by thulium metal: : 2 TmCl3 + Tm → 3 TmCl2 Chemical properties Thulium(II) chloride reacts with water violently, producing hydrogen gas and thulium(III) hydroxide. When thulium(II) chloride first touches water, a light red solution is formed, which fades quickly. References {{Lanthanide halides Lanthanide halides Thulium compounds Chlorides ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Europium Trichloride
Europium(III) chloride is an inorganic compound with the formula EuCl3. The anhydrous compound is a yellow solid. Being hygroscopic it rapidly absorbs water to form a white crystalline hexahydrate, EuCl3·6H2O, which is colourless. The compound is used in research. Preparation Treating Eu2O3 with aqueous HCl produces hydrated europium chloride (EuCl3·6H2O). This salt cannot be rendered anhydrous by heating. Instead one obtains an oxychloride. Anhydrous EuCl3 is often prepared by the " ammonium chloride route," starting from either Eu2O3 or hydrated europium chloride (EuCl3·6H2O) by heating carefully to 230 °C. These methods produce (NH4)2 uCl5 :10 NH4Cl + Eu2O3 → 2 (NH4)2 uCl5 + 6 NH3 + 3 H2O :EuCl3·6H2O + ''2'' NH4Cl → (NH4)2 uCl5+ 6 H2O The pentachloride decomposes thermally according to the following equation: : (NH4)2 uCl5 → 2 NH4Cl + EuCl3 The thermolysis reaction proceeds via the intermediary of (NH4) u2Cl7 Reactions Europium(III) chloride is ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Inorganic Compound
In chemistry, an inorganic compound is typically a chemical compound that lacks carbon–hydrogen bonds, that is, a compound that is not an organic compound. The study of inorganic compounds is a subfield of chemistry known as '' inorganic chemistry''. Inorganic compounds comprise most of the Earth's crust, although the compositions of the deep mantle remain active areas of investigation. Some simple carbon compounds are often considered inorganic. Examples include the allotropes of carbon (graphite, diamond, buckminsterfullerene, etc.), carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide, carbides, and the following salts of inorganic anions: carbonates, cyanides, cyanates, and thiocyanates. Many of these are normal parts of mostly organic systems, including organisms; describing a chemical as inorganic does not necessarily mean that it does not occur within living things. History Friedrich Wöhler's conversion of ammonium cyanate into urea in 1828 is often cited as the starting point of modern ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Hydrogen Gas
Hydrogen is the chemical element with the symbol H and atomic number 1. Hydrogen is the lightest element. At standard conditions hydrogen is a gas of diatomic molecules having the formula . It is colorless, odorless, tasteless, non-toxic, and highly combustible. Hydrogen is the most abundant chemical substance in the universe, constituting roughly 75% of all normal matter.However, most of the universe's mass is not in the form of baryons or chemical elements. See dark matter and dark energy. Stars such as the Sun are mainly composed of hydrogen in the plasma state. Most of the hydrogen on Earth exists in molecular forms such as water and organic compounds. For the most common isotope of hydrogen (symbol 1H) each atom has one proton, one electron, and no neutrons. In the early universe, the formation of protons, the nuclei of hydrogen, occurred during the first second after the Big Bang. The emergence of neutral hydrogen atoms throughout the universe occurred about 370,000 ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Lithium Borohydride
Lithium borohydride (LiBH4) is a borohydride and known in organic synthesis as a reducing agent for esters. Although less common than the related sodium borohydride, the lithium salt offers some advantages, being a stronger reducing agent and highly soluble in ethers, whilst remaining safer to handle than lithium aluminium hydride.Luca Banfi, Enrica Narisano, Renata Riva, Ellen W. Baxter, "Lithium Borohydride" e-EROS Encyclopedia of Reagents for Organic Synthesis, 2001, John Wiley & Sons. . Preparation Lithium borohydride may be prepared by the metathesis reaction, which occurs upon ball-milling the more commonly available sodium borohydride and lithium bromide: : NaBH4 + LiBr → NaBr + LiBH4 Alternatively, it may be synthesized by treating boron trifluoride with lithium hydride in diethyl ether: : BF3 + 4 LiH → LiBH4 + 3 LiF Reactions Lithium borohydride is a stronger reducing agent than sodium borohydride. In mixtures of methanol and diethyl ether, lithium borohydride is a ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Europium Hydride
Europium hydride is the most common hydride of europium with a chemical formula EuH2. In this compound, europium atom is in the +2 oxidation state and the hydrogen atoms are -1. It is a ferromagnetic semiconductor. Production Europium hydride can be produced by directly reacting europium Europium is a chemical element with the symbol Eu and atomic number 63. Europium is the most reactive lanthanide by far, having to be stored under an inert fluid to protect it from atmospheric oxygen or moisture. Europium is also the softest lanth ... and hydrogen gas: : Eu + H2 → EuH2 Uses EuH2 can be used as a source of Eu2+ to create metal-organic frameworks that have the Eu2+ ion. References {{Hydrides by group Europium(II) compounds Metal hydrides Ferromagnetic materials ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Hydrogen
Hydrogen is the chemical element with the symbol H and atomic number 1. Hydrogen is the lightest element. At standard conditions hydrogen is a gas of diatomic molecules having the formula . It is colorless, odorless, tasteless, non-toxic, and highly combustible. Hydrogen is the most abundant chemical substance in the universe, constituting roughly 75% of all normal matter.However, most of the universe's mass is not in the form of baryons or chemical elements. See dark matter and dark energy. Stars such as the Sun are mainly composed of hydrogen in the plasma state. Most of the hydrogen on Earth exists in molecular forms such as water and organic compounds. For the most common isotope of hydrogen (symbol 1H) each atom has one proton, one electron, and no neutrons. In the early universe, the formation of protons, the nuclei of hydrogen, occurred during the first second after the Big Bang. The emergence of neutral hydrogen atoms throughout the universe occurred about 370,000 ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Europium Hydride Chloride
Europium is a chemical element with the symbol Eu and atomic number 63. Europium is the most reactive lanthanide by far, having to be stored under an inert fluid to protect it from atmospheric oxygen or moisture. Europium is also the softest lanthanide, as it can be dented with a fingernail and easily cut with a knife. When oxidation is removed a shiny-white metal is visible. Europium was isolated in 1901 and is named after the continent of Europe. Being a typical member of the lanthanide series, europium usually assumes the oxidation state +3, but the oxidation state +2 is also common. All europium compounds with oxidation state +2 are slightly reducing. Europium has no significant biological role and is relatively non-toxic as compared to other heavy metals. Most applications of europium exploit the phosphorescence of europium compounds. Europium is one of the rarest of the rare-earth elements on Earth.Stwertka, Albert. ''A Guide to the Elements'', Oxford University Press, 1996, ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
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