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Eurocode 3
In the Eurocode series of European standards (EN) related to construction, ''Eurocode 3: Design of steel structures'' (abbreviated EN 1993 or, informally, EC 3) describes how to design of steel structures, using the limit state design philosophy. It was approved by the European Committee for Standardization (CEN) on 16 April 2004. Eurocode 3 comprises 20 documents dealing with the different aspects of steel structure design: * EN 1993-1-1: General rules and rules for buildings. * EN 1993-1-2: General rules - Structural fire design. * EN 1993-1-3: General rules - Supplementary rules for cold-formed members and sheeting. * EN 1993-1-4: General rules - Supplementary rules for stainless steels. * EN 1993-1-5: General rules - Plated structural elements. * EN 1993-1-6: General rules - Strength and stability of shell structures. * EN 1993-1-7: General rules - Strength and stability of planar plated structures subject to out of plane loading. * EN 1993-1-8: Design of joints. * EN 1993-1- ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Storage Tank
Storage tanks are containers that hold liquids, compressed gases (gas tank; or in U.S.A "pressure vessel", which is not typically labeled or regulated as a storage tank) or mediums used for the short- or long-term storage of heat or cold. The term can be used for reservoirs (artificial lakes and ponds), and for manufactured containers. The usage of the word tank for reservoirs is uncommon in American English but is moderately common in British English. In other countries, the term tends to refer only to artificial containers. In the USA, storage tanks operate under no (or very little) pressure, distinguishing them from ''pressure vessels''. Storage tanks are often cylindrical in shape, perpendicular to the ground with flat bottoms, and a fixed frangible or floating roof. There are usually many environmental regulations applied to the design and operation of storage tanks, often depending on the nature of the fluid contained within. Above-ground storage tanks (ASTs) differ from ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Radio Masts And Towers
Radio masts and towers are typically tall structures designed to support antennas for telecommunications and broadcasting, including television. There are two main types: guyed and self-supporting structures. They are among the tallest human-made structures. Masts are often named after the broadcasting organizations that originally built them or currently use them. In the case of a mast radiator or radiating tower, the whole mast or tower is itself the transmitting antenna. Terminology The terms "mast" and "tower" are often used interchangeably. However, in structural engineering terms, a tower is a self-supporting or cantilevered structure, while a mast is held up by stays or guys. Broadcast engineers in the UK use the same terminology. A mast is a ground-based or rooftop structure that supports antennas at a height where they can satisfactorily send or receive radio waves. Typical masts are of steel lattice or tubular steel construction. Masts themselves play no part in t ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Tower
A tower is a tall Nonbuilding structure, structure, taller than it is wide, often by a significant factor. Towers are distinguished from guyed mast, masts by their lack of guy-wires and are therefore, along with tall buildings, self-supporting structures. Towers are specifically distinguished from buildings in that they are built not to be habitable but to serve other functions using the height of the tower. For example, the height of a clock tower improves the visibility of the clock, and the height of a tower in a fortified building such as a castle increases the visibility of the surroundings for defensive purposes. Towers may also be built for observation tower, observation, leisure, or telecommunication purposes. A tower can stand alone or be supported by adjacent buildings, or it may be a feature on top of a larger structure or building. Etymology Old English ''torr'' is from Latin ''turris'' via Old French ''tor''. The Latin term together with Greek language, Greek τύ ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Truss
A truss is an assembly of ''members'' such as beams, connected by ''nodes'', that creates a rigid structure. In engineering, a truss is a structure that "consists of two-force members only, where the members are organized so that the assemblage as a whole behaves as a single object". A "two-force member" is a structural component where force is applied to only two points. Although this rigorous definition allows the members to have any shape connected in any stable configuration, trusses typically comprise five or more triangular units constructed with straight members whose ends are connected at joints referred to as ''nodes''. In this typical context, external forces and reactions to those forces are considered to act only at the nodes and result in forces in the members that are either tensile or compressive. For straight members, moments (torques) are explicitly excluded because, and only because, all the joints in a truss are treated as revolutes, as is necessary for ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Space Frame
In architecture and structural engineering, a space frame or space structure ( 3D truss) is a rigid, lightweight, truss-like structure constructed from interlocking struts in a geometric pattern. Space frames can be used to span large areas with few interior supports. Like the truss, a space frame is strong because of the inherent rigidity of the triangle; flexing loads (bending moments) are transmitted as tension and compression loads along the length of each strut. History Alexander Graham Bell from 1898 to 1908 developed space frames based on tetrahedral geometry. Bell's interest was primarily in using them to make rigid frames for nautical and aeronautical engineering, with the tetrahedral truss being one of his inventions. Max Mengeringhausen developed the space grid system called MERO (acronym of ''MEngeringhausen ROhrbauweise'') in 1943 in Germany, thus initiating the use of space trusses in architecture. The commonly used method, still in use has individual tubular m ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
EN 1994
En or EN may refer to: Businesses * Bouygues (stock symbol EN) * Esquimalt and Nanaimo Railway (reporting mark EN, but now known as Southern Railway of Vancouver Island) * Euronews, a news television and internet channel Language and writing * En or N, the 14th letter of the Roman alphabet * EN (cuneiform), the mark in Sumerian cuneiform script for a High Priest or Priestess meaning "lord" or "priest" * En (Cyrillic) (Н, н), a letter of the Cyrillic alphabet, equivalent to the Roman letter "n" * En (digraph), ‹en› used as a phoneme * En (typography), a unit of width in typography ** en dash, a dash one en long * En language, a language spoken in northern Vietnam * English language (ISO 639-1 language code en) Organisations * Eastern National, a US organization providing educational products to National Park visitors * English Nature, a former UK government conservation agency * Envirolink Northwest, an environmental organization in England Religion * En (deity) in Albania ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Cold-formed Steel
Cold-formed steel (CFS) is the common term for steel products shaped by cold-working processes carried out near room temperature, such as rolling, pressing, stamping, bending, etc. Stock bars and sheets of cold-rolled steel (CRS) are commonly used in all areas of manufacturing. The terms are opposed to hot-formed steel and hot-rolled steel. Cold-formed steel, especially in the form of thin gauge sheets, is commonly used in the construction industry for structural or non-structural items such as columns, beams, joists, studs, floor decking, built-up sections and other components. Such uses have become more and more popular in the US since their standardization in 1946. Cold-formed steel members have been used also in bridges, storage racks, grain bins, car bodies, railway coaches, highway products, transmission towers, transmission poles, drainage facilities, firearms, various types of equipment and others. These types of sections are cold-formed from steel sheet, strip ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
EN 1999
En or EN may refer to: Businesses * Bouygues (stock symbol EN) * Esquimalt and Nanaimo Railway (reporting mark EN, but now known as Southern Railway of Vancouver Island) * Euronews, a news television and internet channel Language and writing * En or N, the 14th letter of the Roman alphabet * EN (cuneiform), the mark in Sumerian cuneiform script for a High Priest or Priestess meaning "lord" or "priest" * En (Cyrillic) (Н, н), a letter of the Cyrillic alphabet, equivalent to the Roman letter "n" * En (digraph), ‹en› used as a phoneme * En (typography), a unit of width in typography ** en dash, a dash one en long * En language, a language spoken in northern Vietnam * English language (ISO 639-1 language code en) Organisations * Eastern National, a US organization providing educational products to National Park visitors * English Nature, a former UK government conservation agency * Envirolink Northwest, an environmental organization in England Religion * En (deity) in Alb ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
EN 1992
In the Eurocode series of European standards (EN) related to construction, '' Eurocode 2: Design of concrete structures'' (abbreviated EN 1992 or, informally, EC 2) specifies technical rules for the design of concrete, reinforced concrete and prestressed concrete structures, using the limit state design philosophy. It was approved by the European Committee for Standardization (CEN) on 16 April 2004 to enable designers across Europe to practice in any country that adopts the code. Concrete is a very strong and economical material that performs exceedingly well under compression. Its weakness lies in its capability to carry tension forces and thus has its limitations. Steel on the other hand is slightly different; it is similarly strong in both compression and tension. Combining these two materials means engineers would be able to work with a composite material that is capable of carrying both tension and compression forces. Eurocode 2 is intended to be used in conjunction with: ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
EN 1090
The EN 1090 List of EN standards, standards are European standards that regulate the fabrication and assembly of steel and aluminium structures and are recognized by the Construction Products Regulation. EN 1090 comprises three parts: * EN 1090-1: Requirements for conformity assessment for structural components (CE Mark, CE-Marking) * EN 1090-2: Technical requirements for the execution of steel structures * EN 1090-3: Technical requirements for the execution of aluminium structures EN 1090 replaced the nationally applicable regulations, e.g. in Germany List of welding codes#German Standards (DIN and others), DIN 18800-7 and DIN V 4113-3. References Execution class in EN 1090 certification. Execution Class and Consequence Class in EN 1090 Certification External links ...[...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
EN 1991
In the Eurocode series of European standards (EN) related to construction, ''Eurocode 1: Actions on structures'' (abbreviated EN 1991 or, informally, EC 1) describes how to design load-bearing structures. It includes characteristic values for various types of loads and densities for all materials which are likely to be used in construction. Eurocode 1 is divided into a number of parts. Part 1-1: Densities, self-weight, imposed loads for buildings EN 1991-1-1 gives design guidance and actions for the structural design of buildings and civil engineering works including some geotechnical aspects for the following subjects: # Densities of construction materials and stored materials. # Self-weight of construction works. # Imposed loads for buildings. Part 1-2: Actions on structures exposed to fire Part 1-2 of EN 1991 deals with thermal and mechanical actions on structures exposed to fire. It is intended to be used in conjunction with the fire design Parts of EN 1992 to EN 1996 and ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
