In the Eurocode series of

European standards European Standards (abbreviated EN, from the German name ("European Norm")) are technical standards which have been ratified by one of the three European standards organizations: European Committee for Standardization (CEN), European Committee for ...

(EN) related to

construction Construction is a general term meaning the art and science to form objects, systems, or organizations,"Construction" def. 1.a. 1.b. and 1.c. ''Oxford English Dictionary'' Second Edition on CD-ROM (v. 4.0) Oxford University Press 2009 and com ...

, ''Eurocode 3: Design of steel structures'' (abbreviated EN 1993 or, informally, EC 3) describes how to design of

steel Steel is an alloy made up of iron with added carbon to improve its strength and fracture resistance compared to other forms of iron. Many other elements may be present or added. Stainless steels that are corrosion- and oxidation-resistant ty ...

structure A structure is an arrangement and organization of interrelated elements in a material object or system, or the object or system so organized. Material structures include man-made objects such as buildings and machines and natural objects such as ...

s, using the

limit state design Limit State Design (LSD), also known as Load And Resistance Factor Design (LRFD), refers to a design method used in structural engineering. A limit state is a condition of a structure beyond which it no longer fulfills the relevant design criteria ...

philosophy. It was approved by the

European Committee for Standardization The European Committee for Standardization (CEN, french: Comité Européen de Normalisation) is a public standards organization whose mission is to foster the economy of the European Single Market and the wider European continent in global tr ...

(CEN) on 16 April 2004. Eurocode 3 comprises 20 documents dealing with the different aspects of steel structure design: * EN 1993-1-1: General rules and rules for

building A building, or edifice, is an enclosed structure with a roof and walls standing more or less permanently in one place, such as a house or factory (although there's also portable buildings). Buildings come in a variety of sizes, shapes, and fun ...

s. * EN 1993-1-2: General rules - Structural

fire Fire is the rapid oxidation of a material (the fuel) in the exothermic chemical process of combustion, releasing heat, light, and various reaction Product (chemistry), products. At a certain point in the combustion reaction, called the ignition ...

design. * EN 1993-1-3: General rules - Supplementary rules for cold-formed members and sheeting. * EN 1993-1-4: General rules - Supplementary rules for stainless

s. * EN 1993-1-5: General rules - Plated structural elements. * EN 1993-1-6: General rules - Strength and

stability Stability may refer to: Mathematics *Stability theory, the study of the stability of solutions to differential equations and dynamical systems **Asymptotic stability **Linear stability **Lyapunov stability **Orbital stability **Structural stabilit ...

shell Shell may refer to: Architecture and design * Shell (structure), a thin structure ** Concrete shell, a thin shell of concrete, usually with no interior columns or exterior buttresses ** Thin-shell structure Science Biology * Seashell, a hard o ...

structures. * EN 1993-1-7: General rules - Strength and stability of planar plated structures subject to out of plane loading. * EN 1993-1-8: Design of joints. * EN 1993-1-9:

Fatigue Fatigue describes a state of tiredness that does not resolve with rest or sleep. In general usage, fatigue is synonymous with extreme tiredness or exhaustion that normally follows prolonged physical or mental activity. When it does not resolve ...

. * EN 1993-1-10: Material toughness and through-thickness properties. * EN 1993-1-11: Design of structures with tension components. * EN 1993-1-12: General - High strength

s. * EN 1993-2: Steel

bridge A bridge is a structure built to span a physical obstacle (such as a body of water, valley, road, or rail) without blocking the way underneath. It is constructed for the purpose of providing passage over the obstacle, which is usually somethi ...

s. * EN 1993-3-1: Towers, masts and chimneys –

Tower A tower is a tall Nonbuilding structure, structure, taller than it is wide, often by a significant factor. Towers are distinguished from guyed mast, masts by their lack of guy-wires and are therefore, along with tall buildings, self-supporting ...

s and masts. * EN 1993-3-2: Towers, masts and chimneys –

Chimney A chimney is an architectural ventilation structure made of masonry, clay or metal that isolates hot toxic exhaust gases or smoke produced by a boiler, stove, furnace, incinerator, or fireplace from human living areas. Chimneys are typic ...

s * EN 1993-4-1:

Silo A silo (from the Greek σιρός – ''siros'', "pit for holding grain") is a structure for storing bulk materials. Silos are used in agriculture to store fermented feed known as silage, not to be confused with a grain bin, which is used t ...

s * EN 1993-4-2:

Tanks A tank is an armoured fighting vehicle intended as a primary offensive weapon in front-line ground combat. Tank designs are a balance of heavy firepower, strong armour, and good battlefield mobility provided by tracks and a powerful engine ...

* EN 1993-4-3: Pipelines * EN 1993-5: Piling * EN 1993-6: Crane supporting structures Eurocode 3 applies to the design of buildings and civil engineering works in steel. It complies with the principles and requirements for the safety and serviceability of structures, the basis of their design and verification that are given in

EN 1990 En or EN may refer to: Businesses * Bouygues (stock symbol EN) * Esquimalt and Nanaimo Railway (reporting mark EN, but now known as Southern Railway of Vancouver Island) * Euronews, a news television and internet channel Language and writing * E ...

– Basis of structural design. It is only concerned with requirements for resistance, serviceability, durability and fire resistance. Eurocode 3 is intended to be used in conjunction with: *

: Eurocode - Basis of structural design; *

EN 1991 In the Eurocode series of European standards (EN) related to construction, ''Eurocode 1: Actions on structures'' (abbreviated EN 1991 or, informally, EC 1) describes how to design load-bearing structures. It includes characteristic values for vari ...

: Eurocode 1 - Actions on structures; *ENs, ETAGs and ETAs for construction products relevant for steel structures; * EN 1090 Execution of steel structures – Technical requirements; *

EN 1992 In the Eurocode series of European standards (EN) related to construction, '' Eurocode 2: Design of concrete structures'' (abbreviated EN 1992 or, informally, EC 2) specifies technical rules for the design of concrete, reinforced concrete and pre ...

EN 1999 En or EN may refer to: Businesses * Bouygues (stock symbol EN) * Esquimalt and Nanaimo Railway (reporting mark EN, but now known as Southern Railway of Vancouver Island) * Euronews, a news television and internet channel Language and writing * ...

when steel structures or steel components are referred to.

Part 1-1: General rules and rules for buildings

EN 1993-1-1 gives basic design rules for steel structures with material thicknesses t ≥ 3 mm. It also gives supplementary provisions for the structural design of steel buildings.

*General *Basis of design *Materials *Durability *Structural analysis *Ultimate limit states *Serviceability limit states

Part 1-2: General rules - Structural
fire Fire is the rapid oxidation of a material (the fuel) in the exothermic chemical process of combustion, releasing heat, light, and various reaction Product (chemistry), products. At a certain point in the combustion reaction, called the ignition ...
design

EN 1993-1-2 deals with the design of steel structures for the accidental situation of fire exposure and it has to be used in conjunction with EN 1993-1-1 and

-1-2. This part only identifies differences from, or supplements to, normal temperature design. EN 1993-1-2 deals only with passive methods of fire protection.

Part 1-3: General rules - Supplementary rules for cold-formed members and sheeting

EN 1993-1-3 gives design requirements for cold-formed thin gauge members and sheeting. It applies to

cold-formed steel Cold-formed steel (CFS) is the common term for steel products shaped by cold-working processes carried out near room temperature, such as rolling, pressing, stamping, bending, etc. Stock bars and sheets of cold-rolled steel (CRS) are commo ...

products made from coated or uncoated thin gauge hot or cold rolled sheet or strip, that have been cold-formed by such processes as cold-rolled forming or press-braking. It may also be used for the design of profiled steel sheeting for composite steel and concrete slabs at the construction stage, see EN 1994. The execution of steel structures made of cold-formed thin gauge members and sheeting is covered in EN 1090.

Part 1-4: General rules - Supplementary rules for stainless steels

EN 1993-1-4 deals with the additional requirements for the design of steel structures made of stainless steel and it has to be used in conjunction with EN 1993-1-1 and EN 1993-1-3.

Part 1-5: Plated structural elements

EN 1993-1-5 gives design requirements of stiffened and unstiffened plates which are subject to inplane forces.

Part 1-6: Strength and Stability of Shell Structures

EN 1993-1-6 gives design requirements for plated steel structures that have the form of a shell of revolution.

Part 1-7: General Rules - Supplementary rules for planar plated structural elements with out of plane loading

EN 1993-1-7: provides principles and rules of application for the structural design of stiffened and unstiffened plates loaded with out of plane actions and it has to be used in conjunction with EN 1993-1-1.

Part 1-8: Design of joints

EN 1993-1-8 gives design methods for the design of joints subject to predominantly static loading using steel grades S235, S275, S355 and S460. More specifically, it gives detailed application rules to determine the static design resistances of uniplanar and multiplanar joints in lattice structures composed of circular, square or rectangular hollow sections, and of uniplanar joints in lattice structures composed of combinations of hollow sections with open sections (

space frame In architecture and structural engineering, a space frame or space structure ( 3D truss) is a rigid, lightweight, truss-like structure constructed from interlocking struts in a geometric pattern. Space frames can be used to span large areas with ...

s and

truss A truss is an assembly of ''members'' such as beams, connected by ''nodes'', that creates a rigid structure. In engineering, a truss is a structure that "consists of two-force members only, where the members are organized so that the assembl ...

es).

Part 1-9: Fatigue

EN 1993-1-9 gives methods for the assessment of fatigue resistance of members, connections and joints subjected to fatigue loading. These methods are derived from fatigue tests with large scale specimens, that include effects of geometrical and structural imperfections from material production and execution (e.g. the effects of tolerances and residual stresses from welding).

Part 1-10: Material Toughness and through-thickness properties

EN 1993-1-10 provides the guidelines for the selection of steel for fracture toughness and through-thickness properties of welded elements where there is a significant risk of lamellar tearing during the fabrication process.

Part 1-11: Design of Structures with tension components

EN 1993-1-11 gives design rules for structures with tension components made of steel which due to their connections are adjustable and replaceable. These components due to their adjustability and replaceability properties are mostly pre-fabricated delivered on-site and installed into the structure as a whole. Non adjustable and replaceable components are out of the scope of EN 1993-1-11.

Part 1-12: High Strength steels

EN 1993-1-12 gives rules that can be used in conjunction with all the other part of EN 1993 to enable steel structures to be designed with steel of grades greater than S460 up to S700.

Part 2: Steel Bridges

EN 1993-2 gives a general basis for the structural design of steel bridges and steel parts of composite bridges. It gives provisions that supplement, modify or supersede the equivalent provisions given in the various parts of EN 1993-1. This standard is concerned only with the resistance, serviceability and durability of bridge structures. Other aspects of design are not considered.

Part 3-1: Towers, masts and chimneys

EN 1993-3-1 applies to the structural design of vertical steel

tower A tower is a tall Nonbuilding structure, structure, taller than it is wide, often by a significant factor. Towers are distinguished from guyed mast, masts by their lack of guy-wires and are therefore, along with tall buildings, self-supporting ...

s, masts and

chimney A chimney is an architectural ventilation structure made of masonry, clay or metal that isolates hot toxic exhaust gases or smoke produced by a boiler, stove, furnace, incinerator, or fireplace from human living areas. Chimneys are typic ...

s, and is concerned only with their resistance, serviceability and durability.

Part 3-2: Towers, masts and chimneys - Chimneys

EN 1993-3-2 applies to the structural design of vertical steel chimneys of circular or conical section. It covers chimneys that are cantilevered, supported at intermediate levels or guyed. It is concerned only with the requirement for resistance (strength, stability and fatigue) of steel chimneys. The term

is used to refer to: * chimney structures, * steel cylindrical elements of towers, * steel cylindrical shafts of guyed masts.

Part 4-1: Silos

EN 1993-4-1 provides principles and application rules for the structural design of steel

silo A silo (from the Greek σιρός – ''siros'', "pit for holding grain") is a structure for storing bulk materials. Silos are used in agriculture to store fermented feed known as silage, not to be confused with a grain bin, which is used t ...

s of circular or rectangular plan-form, being free standing or supported and is concerned only with the requirements for resistance and stability of steel silos.

Part 4-2: Tanks

EN 1993-4-2 provides principles and application rules for the structural design of vertical cylindrical above ground steel

storage tank Storage tanks are containers that hold liquids, compressed gases (gas tank; or in U.S.A "pressure vessel", which is not typically labeled or regulated as a storage tank) or mediums used for the short- or long-term storage of heat or cold. The t ...

s for liquid products with the following characteristics: * characteristic internal pressures above the liquid level not less than −100 mbar and not more than 500 mbar, i.e. outside the scope of the

Pressure Equipment Directive The Pressure Equipment Directive (PED) 2014/68/EU (formerly 97/23/EC) of the EU sets out the standards for the design and fabrication of pressure equipment ("pressure equipment" means steam boilers, pressure vessels, piping, safety valves an ...

, * design metal temperature in the range of −50 °C to +300 °C, * maximum design liquid level not higher than the top of the cylindrical shell.

Part 4-3: Pipelines

EN 1993-4-3 deals with the analysis and design of steel pipelines used for the transport of liquids and gases under normal temperatures.

Part 5: Piling

EN 1993-5 gives design rules for steel sheet

piling A deep foundation is a type of foundation that transfers building loads to the earth farther down from the surface than a shallow foundation does to a subsurface layer or a range of depths. A pile or piling is a vertical structural element ...

and bearing piles to supplement the generic rules in EN 1993-1 and is intended to be used with Eurocodes

- ''Basis of design'',

- ''Actions on structures'' and

EN 1997 In the Eurocode series of European standards (EN) related to construction, ''Eurocode 7: Geotechnical design'' (abbreviated EN 1997 or, informally, EC 7) describes how to design geotechnical structures, using the limit state design philosophy. I ...

-1 for Geotechnical Design.

Part 6: Crane supporting structures

EN 1993-6 gives principles and application rules for the structural design of crane runaway beams and other crane supporting structures including columns and other member fabricated from steel. This part is intended to be used with Eurocode

-1 and it covers overhead crane runaways inside buildings and outdoor overhead crane runaways.

References

External links

The EN EurocodesEN 1993 - Eurocode 3: Design of steel structures - "Eurocodes: Background and applications" workshop
{{Authority control #01993 3 Structural steel