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Erythroxylon
''Erythroxylum'' (''Erythroxylon'') is a genus of tropical flowering plants in the family Erythroxylaceae. Many of the approximately 200 species contain the substance cocaine,Bieri S, Brachet A, Veuthey J, Christen P. Cocaine distribution in wild Erythroxylum species. ''Journal of ethnopharmacology''. 2006; 103: 439-447. and two of the species within this genus, ''Erythroxylum coca'' and ''Erythroxylum novogranatense'', both native to South America, are the main commercial source of cocaine and of the mild stimulant coca tea. Another species, '' Erythroxylum vaccinifolium'' (also known as catuaba) is used as an aphrodisiac in Brazilian drinks and herbal medicine. ''Erythroxylum'' species are food sources for the larvae of some butterflies and moths, including several ''Morpho'' species and ''Dalcera abrasa'', which has been recorded on ''E. deciduum'', and the species of ''Agrias''. Species , Kew's Plants of the World Online listed 259 species: {{Columns-list, colwidth= ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Catuaba
The name Catuaba ( , via Portuguese from Guarani) is used for the infusions of the bark of a number of trees native to Brazil. The most widely used barks are derived from the trees ''Trichilia catigua'' and '' Erythroxylum vaccinifolium''. Other catuaba preparations use the bark of trees from the following genera or families: '' Anemopaegma'', ''Ilex'', ''Micropholis'', ''Phyllanthus'', '' Secondatia'', ''Tetragastris'' and species from the Myrtaceae. It is often claimed that catuaba is derived from the tree ''Erythroxylum catuaba'', but this tree has been described only once, in 1904, and it is not known today to what tree this name referred. ''E. catuaba'' is therefore not a recognised species (Kletter et al.; 2004). Local synonyms are Chuchuhuasha, Tatuaba, Pau de Reposta, Piratancara and Caramuru. A commercial liquid preparation, Catuama, contains multiple ingredients, one of these being catuaba from ''Trichilia catigua''. An infusion of the bark is used in traditional Bra ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Cocaine
Cocaine (from , from , ultimately from Quechuan languages, Quechua: ''kúka'') is a central nervous system (CNS) stimulant mainly recreational drug use, used recreationally for its euphoria, euphoric effects. It is primarily obtained from the leaves of two Coca species native to South America, ''Erythroxylum coca'' and ''Erythroxylum novogranatense''. After extraction from coca leaves and further processing into cocaine hydrochloride (powdered cocaine), the drug is often Insufflation (medicine), snorted, applied topical administration, topically to the mouth, or dissolved and injection (medicine), injected into a vein. It can also then be turned into free base form (crack cocaine), in which it can be heated until sublimated and then the vapours can be smoking, inhaled. Cocaine stimulates the mesolimbic pathway, reward pathway in the brain. Mental effects may include an euphoria, intense feeling of happiness, sexual arousal, psychosis, loss of contact with reality, or psychomo ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Erythroxylum Amplifolium
''Erythroxylum'' (''Erythroxylon'') is a genus of tropical flowering plants in the family Erythroxylaceae. Many of the approximately 200 species contain the substance cocaine,Bieri S, Brachet A, Veuthey J, Christen P. Cocaine distribution in wild Erythroxylum species. ''Journal of ethnopharmacology''. 2006; 103: 439-447. and two of the species within this genus, ''Erythroxylum coca'' and ''Erythroxylum novogranatense'', both native to South America, are the main commercial source of cocaine and of the mild stimulant coca tea. Another species, '' Erythroxylum vaccinifolium'' (also known as catuaba) is used as an aphrodisiac in Brazilian drinks and herbal medicine. ''Erythroxylum'' species are food sources for the larvae of some butterflies and moths, including several ''Morpho'' species and ''Dalcera abrasa'', which has been recorded on ''E. deciduum'', and the species of ''Agrias''. Species , Kew's Plants of the World Online listed 259 species: {{Columns-list, colwidth= ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Erythroxylum Amazonicum
''Erythroxylum'' (''Erythroxylon'') is a genus of tropical flowering plants in the family Erythroxylaceae. Many of the approximately 200 species contain the substance cocaine,Bieri S, Brachet A, Veuthey J, Christen P. Cocaine distribution in wild Erythroxylum species. ''Journal of ethnopharmacology''. 2006; 103: 439-447. and two of the species within this genus, ''Erythroxylum coca'' and ''Erythroxylum novogranatense'', both native to South America, are the main commercial source of cocaine and of the mild stimulant coca tea. Another species, '' Erythroxylum vaccinifolium'' (also known as catuaba) is used as an aphrodisiac in Brazilian drinks and herbal medicine. ''Erythroxylum'' species are food sources for the larvae of some butterflies and moths, including several ''Morpho'' species and ''Dalcera abrasa'', which has been recorded on ''E. deciduum'', and the species of ''Agrias''. Species , Kew's Plants of the World Online listed 259 species: {{Columns-list, colwidth=22e ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Erythroxylum Alaternifolium
''Erythroxylum'' (''Erythroxylon'') is a genus of tropical flowering plants in the family Erythroxylaceae. Many of the approximately 200 species contain the substance cocaine,Bieri S, Brachet A, Veuthey J, Christen P. Cocaine distribution in wild Erythroxylum species. ''Journal of ethnopharmacology''. 2006; 103: 439-447. and two of the species within this genus, ''Erythroxylum coca'' and ''Erythroxylum novogranatense'', both native to South America, are the main commercial source of cocaine and of the mild stimulant coca tea. Another species, '' Erythroxylum vaccinifolium'' (also known as catuaba) is used as an aphrodisiac in Brazilian drinks and herbal medicine. ''Erythroxylum'' species are food sources for the larvae of some butterflies and moths, including several ''Morpho'' species and ''Dalcera abrasa'', which has been recorded on ''E. deciduum'', and the species of ''Agrias''. Species , Kew's Plants of the World Online listed 259 species: {{Columns-list, colwidth=22e ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Erythroxylum Affine
''Erythroxylum'' (''Erythroxylon'') is a genus of tropical flowering plants in the family Erythroxylaceae. Many of the approximately 200 species contain the substance cocaine,Bieri S, Brachet A, Veuthey J, Christen P. Cocaine distribution in wild Erythroxylum species. ''Journal of ethnopharmacology''. 2006; 103: 439-447. and two of the species within this genus, ''Erythroxylum coca'' and ''Erythroxylum novogranatense'', both native to South America, are the main commercial source of cocaine and of the mild stimulant coca tea. Another species, '' Erythroxylum vaccinifolium'' (also known as catuaba) is used as an aphrodisiac in Brazilian drinks and herbal medicine. ''Erythroxylum'' species are food sources for the larvae of some butterflies and moths, including several ''Morpho'' species and ''Dalcera abrasa'', which has been recorded on ''E. deciduum'', and the species of ''Agrias''. Species , Kew's Plants of the World Online listed 259 species: {{Columns-list, colwidth=22e ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Erythroxylum Acutum
''Erythroxylum'' (''Erythroxylon'') is a genus of tropical flowering plants in the family Erythroxylaceae. Many of the approximately 200 species contain the substance cocaine,Bieri S, Brachet A, Veuthey J, Christen P. Cocaine distribution in wild Erythroxylum species. ''Journal of ethnopharmacology''. 2006; 103: 439-447. and two of the species within this genus, ''Erythroxylum coca'' and ''Erythroxylum novogranatense'', both native to South America, are the main commercial source of cocaine and of the mild stimulant coca tea. Another species, '' Erythroxylum vaccinifolium'' (also known as catuaba) is used as an aphrodisiac in Brazilian drinks and herbal medicine. ''Erythroxylum'' species are food sources for the larvae of some butterflies and moths, including several ''Morpho'' species and ''Dalcera abrasa'', which has been recorded on ''E. deciduum'', and the species of ''Agrias''. Species , Kew's Plants of the World Online listed 259 species: {{Columns-list, colwidth= ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Erythroxylum Acuminatum
''Erythroxylum'' (''Erythroxylon'') is a genus of tropical flowering plants in the family Erythroxylaceae. Many of the approximately 200 species contain the substance cocaine,Bieri S, Brachet A, Veuthey J, Christen P. Cocaine distribution in wild Erythroxylum species. ''Journal of ethnopharmacology''. 2006; 103: 439-447. and two of the species within this genus, ''Erythroxylum coca'' and ''Erythroxylum novogranatense'', both native to South America, are the main commercial source of cocaine and of the mild stimulant coca tea. Another species, '' Erythroxylum vaccinifolium'' (also known as catuaba) is used as an aphrodisiac in Brazilian drinks and herbal medicine. ''Erythroxylum'' species are food sources for the larvae of some butterflies and moths, including several ''Morpho'' species and ''Dalcera abrasa'', which has been recorded on ''E. deciduum'', and the species of ''Agrias''. Species , Kew's Plants of the World Online listed 259 species: {{Columns-list, colwidth= ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Erythroxylum Acrobeles
''Erythroxylum'' (''Erythroxylon'') is a genus of tropical flowering plants in the family Erythroxylaceae. Many of the approximately 200 species contain the substance cocaine,Bieri S, Brachet A, Veuthey J, Christen P. Cocaine distribution in wild Erythroxylum species. ''Journal of ethnopharmacology''. 2006; 103: 439-447. and two of the species within this genus, ''Erythroxylum coca'' and ''Erythroxylum novogranatense'', both native to South America, are the main commercial source of cocaine and of the mild stimulant coca tea. Another species, '' Erythroxylum vaccinifolium'' (also known as catuaba) is used as an aphrodisiac in Brazilian drinks and herbal medicine. ''Erythroxylum'' species are food sources for the larvae of some butterflies and moths, including several ''Morpho'' species and ''Dalcera abrasa'', which has been recorded on ''E. deciduum'', and the species of ''Agrias''. Species , Kew's Plants of the World Online listed 259 species: {{Columns-list, colwidth= ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Erythroxylum Tortuosum 2
''Erythroxylum'' (''Erythroxylon'') is a genus of tropical flowering plants in the family Erythroxylaceae. Many of the approximately 200 species contain the substance cocaine,Bieri S, Brachet A, Veuthey J, Christen P. Cocaine distribution in wild Erythroxylum species. ''Journal of ethnopharmacology''. 2006; 103: 439-447. and two of the species within this genus, ''Erythroxylum coca'' and ''Erythroxylum novogranatense'', both native to South America, are the main commercial source of cocaine and of the mild stimulant coca tea. Another species, '' Erythroxylum vaccinifolium'' (also known as catuaba) is used as an aphrodisiac in Brazilian drinks and herbal medicine. ''Erythroxylum'' species are food sources for the larvae of some butterflies and moths, including several ''Morpho'' species and ''Dalcera abrasa'', which has been recorded on ''E. deciduum'', and the species of ''Agrias''. Species , Kew's Plants of the World Online listed 259 species: {{Columns-list, colwidth= ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Erythroxylum Deciduum
''Erythroxylum'' (''Erythroxylon'') is a genus of tropical flowering plants in the family Erythroxylaceae. Many of the approximately 200 species contain the substance cocaine,Bieri S, Brachet A, Veuthey J, Christen P. Cocaine distribution in wild Erythroxylum species. ''Journal of ethnopharmacology''. 2006; 103: 439-447. and two of the species within this genus, ''Erythroxylum coca'' and ''Erythroxylum novogranatense'', both native to South America, are the main commercial source of cocaine and of the mild stimulant coca tea. Another species, '' Erythroxylum vaccinifolium'' (also known as catuaba) is used as an aphrodisiac in Brazilian drinks and herbal medicine. ''Erythroxylum'' species are food sources for the larvae of some butterflies and moths, including several ''Morpho'' species and ''Dalcera abrasa'', which has been recorded on ''E. deciduum'', and the species of ''Agrias''. Species , Kew's Plants of the World Online listed 259 species: {{Columns-list, colwidth=22e ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Morpho
The morpho butterflies comprise many species of Neotropical butterfly under the genus ''Morpho''. This genus includes more than 29 accepted species and 147 accepted subspecies, found mostly in South America, Mexico, and Central America. ''Morpho'' wingspans range from for '' M. rhodopteron'' to for ''M. hecuba'', the imposing sunset morpho. The name ''morpho'', meaning "changed" or "modified", is also an epithet. Taxonomy and nomenclature Many names attach to the genus ''Morpho''. The genus has also been divided into subgenera. Hundreds of form, variety, and aberration names are used among ''Morpho'' species and subspecies. One lepidopteristLamas, G. (Ed.) (2004''Checklist: Part 4A. Hesperioidea-Papilionoidea''. Gainesville, Florida: Association for Tropical Lepidoptera. includes all such species within a single genus, and synonymized many names in a limited number of species. Two other lepidopterists use a phylogenetic analysis with different nomenclature. Other authoritie ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
