|
Erdeniin Tobchi
The ''Erdeniin Tobchi'' (, , ''summary of the Khans' treasure'') is a national chronicle of the Mongols written by Saghang Sechen in 1662. The ''Erdeniin Tobchi'' is commonly called ''The Chronicles of Sagang Sechen''. A first translation into a western language (German) was published by the Moravian missionary Isaac Jacob Schmidt in 1829. The English translation by John Krueger is called ''The Bejeweled Summary of the Origin of the Khan: A History of the Eastern Mongols to 1662''. It is generally regarded by nearly all ancient Mongolists as a primary source of accurate Mongol history. The names in this work were reputed to be uncorrupted. ''Erdeniin Tobchis records of Mongol rulers were so different from ''Altan Tobchi'', ''Habib al-siyar'' and ''Zafarnama'' in Persian that modern Mongolists consider Saghang Sechen's records to be inaccurate. See also * ''Altan Tobchi'' * ''The Secret History of the Mongols'' * ''Altan Debter The ''Altan Debter'', ''Golden Book'' (Mongolian ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Mongols
The Mongols ( mn, Монголчууд, , , ; ; russian: Монголы) are an East Asian ethnic group native to Mongolia, Inner Mongolia in China and the Buryatia Republic of the Russian Federation. The Mongols are the principal member of the large family of Mongolic peoples. The Oirats in Western Mongolia as well as the Buryats and Kalmyks of Russia are classified either as distinct ethno-linguistic groups or subgroups of Mongols. The Mongols are bound together by a common heritage and ethnic group, ethnic identity. Their indigenous dialects are collectively known as the Mongolian language. The ancestors of the modern-day Mongols are referred to as Proto-Mongols. Definition Broadly defined, the term includes the Mongols proper (also known as the Khalkha Mongols), Buryats, Oirats, the Kalmyk people and the Southern Mongols. The latter comprises the Abaga Mongols, Abaganar, Aohans, Baarins, Chahars, Eastern Dorbets, Gorlos Mongols, Jalaids, Jaruud, Kharchin Mongols ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Saghang Sechen
Saghang Sechen (; ) (1604 – after 1641) was an ethnic Mongol writer, historian and prince from the Borjigin clan. Early life Saghang Sechen was an ethnic Mongol born into the Ordos tribe, the son of the . He was a nephew of Altan Khan. When he was just 17, Saghang Sechen became a military and administrative aide to Ligden Khan. The latter entitled him . Work He is best known as the author of the '' Erdeni-yin tobchi'' (“Jeweled Summary”), which was published in 1662. The work is a history of the Mongol great Khans, and came as part of a struggle for unity among the Mongols, and renewal of their literature. The work has some anecdotes also found in the early-13th-century ''The Secret History of the Mongols'' and in Guush Luvsandanzan's ''Altan Tobchi'' or ('Short History of the Origins of the Khans Called the Golden Button'), also written in the early 17th century. In his work there are also citations from the (, 'Yellow Story'), written as on ode to Dayan Khan in the 1 ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Moravian Church
, image = AgnusDeiWindow.jpg , imagewidth = 250px , caption = Church emblem featuring the Agnus Dei.Stained glass at the Rights Chapel of Trinity Moravian Church, Winston-Salem, North Carolina, United States , main_classification = Proto-Protestant , orientation = Hussite (Bohemian) with Pietist Lutheran influences , founder = followers of Jan Hus and Petr Chelčický , founded_date = 1457 , founded_place = Bohemia , congregations = 1,000+ , number_of_followers = 1,112,120 (2016) , website = The Moravian Church ( cs, Moravská církev), or the Moravian Brethren, formally the (Latin: "Unity of the Brethren"), is one of the oldest Protestant denominations in Christianity, dating back to the Bohemian Reformation of the 15th century and the Unity of the Brethren ( cs, Jednota bratrská, links=no) founded in the Kingdom of Bohemia, sixty years before Luther's Reformation. The church's heritage can be traced to 1457 in Bohemian Crown territory, including its crown land ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Isaac Jacob Schmidt
Isaac Jacob Schmidt (October 4, 1779 – August 27, 1847) was an Orientalist specializing in Mongolian and Tibetan. Schmidt was a Moravian missionary to the Kalmyks and devoted much of his labours to Bible translation. Born in Amsterdam, he spent much of his career in St. Petersburg as a member of the Russian Academy of Sciences. He published the first grammar and dictionary of Mongolian, as well as a grammar and dictionary of Tibetan. He also translated Sanang Sechen's Erdeni-yin tobči into German, and several Geser Khan epics into Russian and German. His works are regarded as ground-breaking for the establishment of Mongolian and Tibetan studies. Early life Schmidt was born into an Amsterdam Moravian family. At the age of six, he was sent to school of the Moravian community in Neuwied. Due to the advance of Napoleon's troops, he returned home in 1791. His family lost all their wealth in an economic crisis following Napoleon's occupation of the Netherlands, but this gave ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
John Krueger
John Richard Krueger (March 14,1927 – February 7, 2018) was a professor at Indiana University, specialized in studies of Chuvash and Yakut, and Mongolian languages. His approximately 20 books are the standard works, each held in about one hundred United States research libraries. One of his most important contributions is that he translated numerous non-English sources and books into English, such as György Kara's ''Books of the Mongolian nomads : more than eight centuries of writing Mongolian''. Biography John Richard Krueger was born on March 14, 1927, in Fremont, Nebraska, to Edward and Winifred Krueger. In 1940, his family moved to Washington, D.C., where Krueger developed an interest in languages. He attended George Washington University where he received a Bachelor of Arts in German. Krueger worked in various federal agencies. In the early 1950s, he received a Fulbright Program scholarship and went to Copenhagen. While in Copenhagen, he studied Mongolian for the firs ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Altan Tobchi
The ''Altan Tobchi'', or ''Golden Summary'' (Mongolian script: '; Mongolian Cyrillic: , '), is a 17th-century Mongolian chronicle written by Guush Luvsandanzan. Its full title is ''Herein is contained the Golden Summary of the Principles of Statecraft as established by the Ancient Khans''. Mongolian scholars typically call the work the "Lu Altan Tovch". It is generally considered second in dignity to the ''Secret History of the Mongols'' as a historical chronicle and piece of classical literature. In fact, the work is special in that it contains 233 of the 282 chapters of the ''Secret History'' not only verbatim but with additional detail in certain parts. It is also significant in that it is a major source of knowledge on the "Chingisiin Bilig" or Wisdom of Genghis, a code of ethical conduct specifically directed toward future generations of Mongolian ruling nobility. Duke Jamiyan discovered and brought the original pen copy of the Altan Tobchi to Ulaanbaatar in 1926 from a ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Habib Al-siyar
Habib ( ar, حبيب, ''ḥabīb''; ), sometimes written as Habeeb, is an Arabic masculine given name, occasional surname, and honorific, with the meaning "beloved" or "my love", or "darling". It also forms the famous Arabic word ‘''Habibi’'' which is used to refer to a friend or a significant other in the aspect of love or admiration''.'' The name is popular throughout the Muslim World, though particularly in the Middle East and Africa. In other countries, especially in Yemen and Southeast Asian countries such as Brunei, Singapore, Indonesia and Malaysia, it is an honorific to address a Muslim scholar of Sayyid (a descendant of Muhammad) families and where it is one of the names of the Islamic prophet Muhammad – حبيب الله '' Habib Allah'' (Habibullah/ Habiballah) - "Most Beloved of Allah (God)". The name, as is the case with other Arabic names, is not only confined to Muslims. Notable examples of Christian individuals named Habib include Habib the Deacon, Gabr ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Zafarnama (Shami Biography)
The ''Zafarnama'' ( fa, ظفرنامه, lit. ''Book of Victory'') is a biography of Timur written by the historian Nizam al-Din Shami. It served as the basis for a later and better-known ''Zafarnama'' by Sharaf ad-Din Ali Yazdi. One translation by Felix Tauer was published in Prague Prague ( ; cs, Praha ; german: Prag, ; la, Praga) is the capital and largest city in the Czech Republic, and the historical capital of Bohemia. On the Vltava river, Prague is home to about 1.3 million people. The city has a temperate ... in 1937.C. A. Storey -Persian Literature - Partie 1 - Page xiv 1999 - F. Tauer's edition of the Persian text appeared in 1937. Insert : Commentary, etc. : Histoire des conquetes de Tamerlan intitulee Zafarnama, Edition critique par F. Tauer. Tome II: Introduction, commentaire, index. Prague 1956 (320 pp. References {{reflist Persian-language books Iranian books Timur Biographical works ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Persian Language
Persian (), also known by its endonym Farsi (, ', ), is a Western Iranian language belonging to the Iranian branch of the Indo-Iranian subdivision of the Indo-European languages. Persian is a pluricentric language predominantly spoken and used officially within Iran, Afghanistan, and Tajikistan in three mutually intelligible standard varieties, namely Iranian Persian (officially known as ''Persian''), Dari Persian (officially known as ''Dari'' since 1964) and Tajiki Persian (officially known as ''Tajik'' since 1999).Siddikzoda, S. "Tajik Language: Farsi or not Farsi?" in ''Media Insight Central Asia #27'', August 2002. It is also spoken natively in the Tajik variety by a significant population within Uzbekistan, as well as within other regions with a Persianate history in the cultural sphere of Greater Iran. It is written officially within Iran and Afghanistan in the Persian alphabet, a derivation of the Arabic script, and within Tajikistan in the Tajik alphabet, ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
The Secret History Of The Mongols
''The Secret History of the Mongols'' (Middle Mongol: ''Mongɣol‑un niɣuca tobciyan''; Traditional Mongolian: , Khalkha Mongolian: , ; ) is the oldest surviving literary work in the Mongolian language. It was written for the Mongol royal family some time after the 1227 death of Genghis Khan (born Temujin). The author is anonymous and probably originally wrote in the Mongolian script, but the surviving texts all derive from transcriptions or translations into Chinese characters that date from the end of the 14th century and were compiled by the Ming dynasty under the title ''The Secret History of the Yuan Dynasty'' (). Also known as ''Tobchiyan'' ( or ) in the ''History of Yuan''. The ''Secret History'' is regarded as the single most significant native Mongolian account of Genghis Khan. Linguistically, it provides the richest source of pre-classical Mongolian and Middle Mongolian. The ''Secret History'' is regarded as a piece of classic literature in both Mongolia and the r ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Altan Debter
The ''Altan Debter'', ''Golden Book'' (Mongolian Cyrillic: Алтан дэвтэр , Mongolian script: ) is an early, now lost history of the Mongols. Rashid-al-Din Hamadani had access to it when writing his Chronicles, Jami al-Tawarikh. Some believe that ''The Secret History of the Mongols ''The Secret History of the Mongols'' (Middle Mongol: ''Mongɣol‑un niɣuca tobciyan''; Traditional Mongolian: , Khalkha Mongolian: , ; ) is the oldest surviving literary work in the Mongolian language. It was written for the Mongol royal fam ...'' is based on it, though the historian David Morgan argues that the two sources, though in agreement on broad facts and events, are "clearly quite independent of each other." It also inspired the still-extant Shengwu qinzheng lu. Details The book was stored in the state archive of the Ilkhans in the form of separate sheets. Some of the sheets were never put in order. The book was written in the Mongolian language and was therefore considered ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
