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Epidendrum Sect. Schistochila
''Epidendrum'' sect. ''Schistochila'' Rchb.f. (1861) is a section of the subgenus ''E''. subg. ''Amphiglottium'' Lindl. (1841) of the Genus ''Epidendrum'' of the Orchidaceae. ''E''. sect. ''Schistochila'' differs from the section ''E''. sect. ''Holochila'' in that the species in ''E''. sect. ''Holochila'' have undivided lips; the species in ''E''. sect. ''Schistochila'' have lobate lips. The species in both ''E''. sect. ''Schistochila'' and ''E''. sect. ''Holochila'' have racemose inflorescences, unlike those in ''E''. sect. ''Polycladia'' (the other section of ''E''. subg. ''Amphiglottium''), which have truly paniculate inflorescences. Like the other sections of ''E''. subg. ''Amphiglottium'', the members of ''E''. sect. ''Schistochila'' are sympodial orchids bearing thin stems with alternate leaves (not pseudobulbs), a long peduncle covered with thin, imbricating s ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Epidendrum Denticulatum
''Epidendrum denticulatum'', one of the crucifix orchids, is a reed stemmed species which, at least in herbarium specimens, is frequently confused with '' E. secundum'' Jacq. Like '' E. secundum'', the flowers of ''E. denticulatum'' are non-resupinate and are born in a congested raceme at the end of a long spike. Like all crucifix orchids, the lip is adnate to the column and bears three lobes, producing the effect of a cross. Distribution ''Epidendrum denticulatum'' is grows in tropical dry forests of the Serra do Mar in Brazil, extending from the coastal states of Rio Grande do Sul, to Pernambuco, as well as in the forests of Minas Gerais, at altitudes ranging from 0.5 to 1.4 km. The plant grows both terrestrially and epiphytically. It is most commonly found living among low bushes and at the edge of roads, occasionally forming large tussocks that can measure more than 5 m2. Although there are several references stating that E. denticulatum grows at low altitudes ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Adnation
Adnation in Angiosperms is the fusion of two or more whorls of a flower, e.g. stamens to petals". This is in contrast to connation, the fusion among a single whorl A whorl ( or ) is an individual circle, oval, volution or equivalent in a whorled pattern, which consists of a spiral or multiple concentric objects (including circles, ovals and arcs). Whorls in nature File:Photograph and axial plane floral .... References Plant anatomy {{botany-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Epidendrum Secundum
''Epidendrum secundum'', one of the crucifix orchids, is a poorly understood reed stemmed species, which Dressler (1989) describes as "the ''Epidendrum secundum'' complex." According to Dressler, there are dozens of varieties, some of which appear to deserve species rank. Arditti and Ghani note that ''E. secundum ''has the distinction of bearing the longest seeds known in the Orchidaceae, 6.0 mm long. By comparison, the seeds of ''E. ibaguense'' (another crucifix orchid) are only 2.9 mm long. Like the other members of ''E.'' subg. ''Amphiglottium'', ''E. secundum'' is a sympodial plant which has thin stems covered from the base with imbricating sheaths which are leaf bearing above, a terminal inflorescence covered at its base with thin imbricating sheaths, and flowers with the lip adnate to the column to its apex. The flowers are non-resupinate (unlike '' E. ibaguense'' and '' E. radicans''), can come in shades of lilac, red, orange, or yellow, an ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Epidendrum Cochlidium
''Epidendrum cochlidium'' (or ''Flor de San José'') is a neotropical orchid which can grow both terrestrially and epiphytically in Peru and Venezuela at altitudes ranging from 1.2 km to 2.9 km. Description ''E. cochlidium'' is a member of the subgenus ''E.'' subg. ''Amphiglottium'' which is characterized by a sympodial growth habit, terminal inflorescences, stems and peduncles covered with tight, imbricating, distichous sheathes, stems which do not swell into pseudobulbs, terminal inflorescences which are nearly always racemose, and flowers with the lip adnate to the sides of the column to its apex. Reichenbach 1861 describes the stem as terete and gracile, whereas Schweinfurth 1960 describes the stem as "more or less stout." The leathery, ovate-oblong obtuse and emarginate leaves whose basal sheathes cover the upper part of the stem grow to 12 cm long by 2.5 cm wide. The peduncle can grow to 0.6 m long and ends in a congested raceme; rar ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Epidendrum Radicans
''Epidendrum radicans'' is a species of orchid. Common names include ground-rooting epidendrum, fire-star orchid, rainbow orchid, and reed-stem epidendrum.''Epidendrum radicans''. Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. It is a common roadside weed at middle elevations in . It is a crucifix orchid, often confused with many other members of the section ''Schistochila'', including '' E. calanthe'', '' [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Polyphyly
A polyphyletic group is an assemblage of organisms or other evolving elements that is of mixed evolutionary origin. The term is often applied to groups that share similar features known as homoplasies, which are explained as a result of convergent evolution. The arrangement of the members of a polyphyletic group is called a polyphyly .. ource for pronunciation./ref> It is contrasted with monophyly and paraphyly. For example, the biological characteristic of warm-bloodedness evolved separately in the ancestors of mammals and the ancestors of birds; "warm-blooded animals" is therefore a polyphyletic grouping. Other examples of polyphyletic groups are algae, C4 photosynthetic plants, and edentates. Many taxonomists aim to avoid homoplasies in grouping taxa together, with a goal to identify and eliminate groups that are found to be polyphyletic. This is often the stimulus for major revisions of the classification schemes. Researchers concerned more with ecology than with system ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Monophyly
In cladistics for a group of organisms, monophyly is the condition of being a clade—that is, a group of taxa composed only of a common ancestor (or more precisely an ancestral population) and all of its lineal descendants. Monophyletic groups are typically characterised by shared derived characteristics ( synapomorphies), which distinguish organisms in the clade from other organisms. An equivalent term is holophyly. The word "mono-phyly" means "one-tribe" in Greek. Monophyly is contrasted with paraphyly and polyphyly as shown in the second diagram. A ''paraphyletic group'' consists of all of the descendants of a common ancestor minus one or more monophyletic groups. A '' polyphyletic group'' is characterized by convergent features or habits of scientific interest (for example, night-active primates, fruit trees, aquatic insects). The features by which a polyphyletic group is differentiated from others are not inherited from a common ancestor. These definitions have taken ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Amplified Fragment Length Polymorphism
AFLP-PCR or just AFLP is a PCR-based tool used in genetics research, DNA fingerprinting, and in the practice of genetic engineering. Developed in the early 1990s by KeyGene, AFLP uses restriction enzymes to digest genomic DNA, followed by ligation of adaptors to the sticky ends of the restriction fragments. A subset of the restriction fragments is then selected to be amplified. This selection is achieved by using primers complementary to the adaptor sequence, the restriction site sequence and a few nucleotides inside the restriction site fragments (as described in detail below). The amplified fragments are separated and visualized on denaturing on agarose gel electrophoresis , either through autoradiography or fluorescence methodologies, or via automated capillary sequencing instruments. Although AFLP should not be used as an acronym, it is commonly referred to as "Amplified fragment length polymorphism". However, the resulting data are not scored as length polymorphisms, but ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Plastid
The plastid (Greek: πλαστός; plastós: formed, molded – plural plastids) is a membrane-bound organelle found in the Cell (biology), cells of plants, algae, and some other eukaryotic organisms. They are considered to be intracellular endosymbiotic cyanobacteria. Examples include chloroplasts (used for photosynthesis), chromoplasts (used for pigment synthesis and storage), and leucoplasts (non-pigmented plastids that can sometimes differentiate). The event which led to permanent endosymbiosis in the Archaeplastida clade (of Embryophyte, land plants, red algae, and green algae) probably occurred with a cyanobiont (a symbiotic cyanobacteria) related to the genus ''Gloeomargarita lithophora, Gloeomargarita'', around 1.5 billion years ago. A later primary endosymbiosis event occurred in photosynthetic ''Paulinella'' amoeboids about 90–140 million years ago. This plastid belongs to the "PS-clade" (of the cyanobacteria genera ''Prochlorococcus'' and ''Synechococcus''). Chloroplas ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Crenulate
The following is a list of terms which are used to describe leaf morphology in the description and taxonomy of plants. Leaves may be simple (a single leaf blade or lamina) or compound (with several leaflets). The edge of the leaf may be regular or irregular, may be smooth or bearing hair, bristles or spines. For more terms describing other aspects of leaves besides their overall morphology see the leaf article. The terms listed here all are supported by technical and professional usage, but they cannot be represented as mandatory or undebatable; readers must use their judgement. Authors often use terms arbitrarily, or coin them to taste, possibly in ignorance of established terms, and it is not always clear whether because of ignorance, or personal preference, or because usages change with time or context, or because of variation between specimens, even specimens from the same plant. For example, whether to call leaves on the same tree "acuminate", "lanceolate", or "linear" could ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Epidendrum Subsect
''Epidendrum'' , abbreviated Epi in the horticultural trade, is a large neotropical genus of the orchid family. With more than 1,500 species, some authors describe it as a mega-genus. The genus name (from Greek ''επί, epi'' and ''δένδρον, dendron'', "upon trees") refers to its epiphytic growth habit. When Carl Linnaeus named this genus in 1763, he included in this genus all the epiphytic orchids known to him. Although few of these orchids are still included in the genus ''Epidendrum'', some species of ''Epidendrum'' are nevertheless not epiphytic. Distribution and ecology They are native to the tropics and subtropical regions of the American continents, from North Carolina to Argentina. Their habitat can be epiphytic, terrestrial (such as '' E. fulgens''), or even lithophytic (growing on bare rock, such as '' E. calanthum'' and '' E. saxatile''). Many are grown in the Andes, at altitudes between 1,000 and 3,000 m. Their habitats include humid jungles, d ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
